RESUMO
AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and associated factors in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: This five-year retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from 241 patients who underwent urgent and primary PCI. Outcome measures included in-hospital mortality, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), postprocedural complications, and survival rates. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess predictors of in-hospital mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to assess the overall survival rates and median survival time and to compare the survival probability curves for independent predictors. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented. RESULTS: One hundred forty-two patients underwent elective PCI with drug-eluting stent implantation (75.1%) as the reperfusion method. The in-hospital mortality and non-fatal MACCE rates were 3.7% and 24.1%, respectively. The predictors of in-hospital mortality were female sex (AHR = 8.39, 95% CI: 1.20-58.68, p = 0.03), preprocedural obesity (AHR = 6.54, 95% CI: 1.10-40.60, p = 0.04), previous myocardial infarction (AHR = 9.68, 95% CI: 1.66-56.31, p = 0.01), chronic heart failure (AHR = 9.21, 95% CI: 1.38-61.78, p = 0.02), and a previous history of stroke (AHR = 18.99, 95% CI: 1.59-227.58, p = 0.02). Notably, this study reported a high one-year survival rate. CONCLUSION: Urgent and primary PCIs are critical interventions for patients with MI in Ethiopia, showing promising outcomes such as low in-hospital mortality and a high one-year survival rate. These findings underscore the importance of optimising access to PCI and related treatments to improve patient outcomes.
RESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists (CPs) on vaccination and assess the barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services (CPBVS) in Ethiopia. An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 423 CPs in Ethiopia, and questionnaires were distributed to CPs through the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Association telegram group and e-mail invitations. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Most CPs (92%) had good knowledge of vaccination, and 43.5% strongly agreed that the population's immunization rates would rise if CPs were authorized to provide vaccinations. The overall mean attitude score (±SD) toward vaccination was 35.95 (±4.11) out of a total score of 45, with 187 (44.2%) scoring below the mean. The most common barriers were lack of authorization (94.1%), costs and time associated with professional development and training (71.4%), time requirements for professional development (70%), and insufficient staff or resources for implementation (70%). Two hundred thirty CPs (54.4%) expressed a willingness to implement CPBVS. Educational qualifications were significantly associated with knowledge of CPs regarding vaccination. Those with inadequate knowledge had about 2.5 times (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.31, p = .016) a poorer attitude toward vaccination services compared with those with adequate knowledge. Those study participants who had a good attitude toward vaccination services were nearly seven (AOR = 6.80, 95% CI: 4.36-10.59, p = .0001) times more willing to provide CPBVS when compared with their counterparts. Implementing CPBVS in Ethiopia requires overcoming barriers and providing professional development opportunities.
