RESUMO
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most common causes of chronic vomiting and diarrhea in cats. A definitive diagnosis is made only by biopsy. This article presents an overview of differential diagnosis of IBD in cats. Treatment of this syndrome is reviewed in detail. A great majority of cats with IBD can be managed successfully. This can be best assured by establishing a definitive diagnosis relatively early in the course of the disease.
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Diarreia/veterinária , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/veterinária , Vômito/veterinária , Animais , Biópsia/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/patologia , Gatos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diarreia/etiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/diagnóstico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/patologia , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Vômito/etiologiaRESUMO
Pulmonary aspiration of oral, esophageal, or gastric content poses a significant hazard to animals. Aspiration of acidic, alkaline, or ingesta-containing gastric contents can cause serious morbidity and mortality. Clinicians must be aware of conditions and clinical situations in which there is increased risk of aspiration. The most important aspect of the mitigation of the pneumonic complications of aspiration is prevention.
Assuntos
Queimaduras por Inalação/veterinária , Pneumonia Aspirativa/veterinária , Intoxicação/veterinária , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Queimaduras por Inalação/diagnóstico , Queimaduras por Inalação/terapia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Aspirativa/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Aspirativa/terapia , Intoxicação/diagnóstico , Intoxicação/terapiaRESUMO
Hepatic encephalopathy is a neurometabolic syndrome caused by altered hepatic blood flow patterns and/or hepatic disease. This article describes current thoughts on its pathogenesis and diagnosis. Treatment principles are emphasized.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Encefalopatia Hepática/veterinária , Amônia/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/etiologia , Doenças do Gato/metabolismo , Doenças do Gato/terapia , Gatos , Doença Crônica , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Doenças do Cão/metabolismo , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Encefalopatia Hepática/diagnóstico , Encefalopatia Hepática/metabolismo , Encefalopatia Hepática/terapia , Fígado/metabolismo , Neurotransmissores/metabolismoRESUMO
A 0.9 kg lipoma was removed surgically from the cranial mediastinum of an 11-year-old dog. Clinical signs related to the mass consisted of coughing and dyspnea. Postoperative recovery was uncomplicated and the clinical signs diminished immediately. The thoracic cavity is an unusual location for the development of a lipoma.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Lipoma/veterinária , Neoplasias do Mediastino/veterinária , Neoplasias Pleurais/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Lipoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Lipoma/patologia , Masculino , Neoplasias do Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Mediastino/patologia , Neoplasias Pleurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pleurais/patologia , RadiografiaRESUMO
A Doberman with jaundice, hepatomegaly and cranial abdominal pain had evidence of centrilobular necrosis on liver biopsy. Therapy with fluids, ampicillin and rest resulted in recovery. A Collie hit by a car developed traumatic hepatopathy and myopathy. The animal recovered with rest as the only treatment. A mongrel with hepatic lymphosarcoma benefited from chemotherapy for 5 months before euthanasia was necessary. A cat became lethargic and anorectic 9 days after an oral dose of piperazine. Liver biopsy revealed fatty change, vacuolation and mononuclear infiltration. Supportive care with amoxicillin, fluids and a high caloric intake resulted in recovery. Laparotomy in a jaundiced, anorectic cat revealed an obstructed common bile duct. Cholecystoduodenostomy and supportive care resulted in recovery. A vomiting, lethargic, jaundiced cat had evidence of chronic cholangitis on liver biopsy. The animal recovered after treatment with amoxicillin, fluids, prednisolone and forced feeding.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/terapia , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Hepatopatias/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/fisiopatologia , Gatos , Doenças do Cão/fisiopatologia , Cães , Fígado/lesões , Hepatopatias/fisiopatologia , Hepatopatias/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/veterinária , Linfoma não Hodgkin/veterinária , MasculinoRESUMO
Ampicillin or amoxicillin is a good initial choice for treatment of liver disease involving bacteria. Cephalosporins, among other antibiotics, can be used with aminoglycosides for a broad-spectrum effect. Metronidazole may benefit patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Tetracycline, penicillins and cephalosporins are good choices for biliary disease. Corticosteroids are indicated for chronic active hepatitis, cholangiohepatitis, immune-mediated hepatopathy, and hepatic lymphosarcoma and mast-cell tumors. D-penicillamine is used to treat hepatic Cu toxicosis. Colchicine has been used to combat hepatic fibrosis. Lactulose is used in long-term management of hepatic encephalopathy. Diuretics and a low-Na diet help control ascites. Cimetidine is used to control GI ulcers. Anabolic steroids help reverse protein catabolism. Acetylcysteine is an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. Use of hetacillin, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, sulfonamides, erythromycin, acetaminophen and methyltestosterone should be avoided in patients with liver disease.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatias/veterinária , Acetilcisteína/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Gatos , Cimetidina/uso terapêutico , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Cães , Lactulose/uso terapêutico , Hepatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisolona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Liver disease may cause a variety of clinical signs, including depression, anorexia, weakness, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, jaundice, ascites and CNS signs. Treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause, providing supportive care, and preventing secondary complications. Rest facilitates liver regeneration. Hypokalemia, respiratory alkalosis and hypoglycemia may complicate liver disease. Fluids should be given IV rather than SC to severely dehydrated animals. Preferred solutions include Ringer's and half-strength saline with 2.5% dextrose. Solutions containing lactate should not be used. Dietary management includes feeding adequate amounts of protein of high biologic value, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and minerals.
