A Rare Case of Granulomatous Mastitis in the Accessory Axillary Breast of a Pregnant Woman Successfully Treated by Surgery.

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the breast that usually occurs in women of reproductive age. However, GM during pregnancy is unusual and only one case of GM in the accessory breast has been reported so far. Here, we report an extremely rare case of GM in the accessory axillary breast of a pregnant woman. A 24-year-old pregnant woman had persistent pain and swelling in the right axilla that did not improve with antibiotic administration. Despite incision and drainage for subcutaneous abscess, the incised skin gradually became ulcerated, exposing the subcutaneous granulomatous tissue. Corynebacterium species were isolated in the bacterial culture of drained pus. Lower back pain, pain in several joints, and erythema nodosum on the lower legs appeared later. Based on the result of bacterial culture and the above disease course, the patient was clinically suspected of having GM. The axillary mass was surgically removed after childbirth, and the excised mass was histopathologically confirmed as GM. Treatment for GM should be considered individually and carefully in accordance with the patients' condition. Unnecessary surgery should be avoided. However, early addition of surgical interventions may yield good outcomes, especially for pregnant women because of limited treatment options.

A case of idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric veins presenting with small bowel obstruction.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric veins (IMHMV) is a rare ischemic bowel disease with venous occlusion resulting from the proliferation of smooth muscles in the venous intima. In most patients, the disease affects rectosigmoid colon and causes persistent abdominal pain and hematochezia, which is similar to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, it is difficult to make a precise diagnosis of IMHMV without surgery. CASE PRESENTATION: An 81-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with mild abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Repeated adhesive ileus was suspected due to the previous open and laparoscopic surgeries. Surgery was planned to treat small bowel obstruction. Intraoperatively no adhesive lesions were observed. However, a mass lesion was seen at the terminal ileum, which was suspected to have caused her bowel obstruction. Partial resection of the small intestine was performed. Macroscopic and histopathological examinations of the excised specimen showed circumferential ulceration with scarring, a thickened venous wall with active inflammation, and fibrotic changes that consequently produced stenosis and obstruction of the venous lumen in the subserosa. Additionally, Elastica van Gieson staining demonstrated thickening of the venous intima. The final diagnosis was IMHMV. At two years and 8 months after the operation, the patient was well without any additional medication. CONCLUSION: IMHMV of the small intestine is rare. We described a case of IMHMV that was associated with ileus.

Evidence for significant through-space and through-bond electronic coupling in the 1,4-diphenylcyclohexane-1,4-diyl radical cation gained by absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations.

Photoinduced single-electron-transfer promoted oxidation of 2,5-diphenyl-1,5-hexadiene by using N-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate/biphenyl co-sensitization takes place with the formation of an intense electronic absorption band at 476 nm, which is attributed to the 1,4-diphenylcyclohexane-1,4-diyl radical cation. The absorption maximum (lambda(ob)) of this transient occurs at a longer wavelength than is expected for either the cumyl radical or the cumyl cation components. Substitution at the para positions of the phenyl groups in this radical cation by CH(3)O, CH(3), F, Cl, and Br leads to an increasingly larger redshift of lambda(ob). A comparison of the rho value, which was obtained from a Hammett plot of the electronic transition energies of the radical cations versus sigma(+), with that for the cumyl cation shows that the substituent effects on the transition energies for the 1,4-diarylcyclohexane-1,4-diyl radical cations are approximately one half of the substituent effects on the transition energies of the cumyl cation. The observed substituent-induced redshifts of lambda(ob) and the reduced sensitivity of lambda(ob) to substituent changes are in accordance with the proposal that significant through-space and -bond electronic interactions exist between the cumyl radical and the cumyl cation moieties of the 1,4-diphenylcyclohexane-1,4-diyl radical cation. This proposal gains strong support from the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, the results of time-dependent DFT calculations indicate that the absorption band at 476 nm for the 1,4-diphenylcyclohexane-1,4-diyl radical cation corresponds to a SOMO-3 --> SOMO transition.

Photoinduced electron-transfer bicyclopropenyl-benzene rearrangements of 2,2',3,3'-tetraphenylbicyclopropenyls: a new mechanism via Dewar benzene.

[reaction: see text] The 9,10-dicyanoanthracene-sensitized photoreaction of 1-methyl- and 1,1'-dimethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetraphenylbicyclopropenyl gives the corresponding benzene and Dewar benzene derivatives, indicating that their photoinduced electron-transfer bicyclopropenyl-benzene rearrangements proceed via Dewar benzenes.

Rearrangement of a 2-methylenecyclobutanone derivative triggered by photoinduced electron transfer: an unprecedented oxa analogue of the tetramethyleneethane radical cation.

On irradiation of p-chloranil (CA), 2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-4-methylenecyclobutanone (1) gives 2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-4-isopropylidenecyclobutanone (2), whereas 2 affords a CA adduct (4), suggesting that a novel rearrangement of 1 to give 2 occurs irreversibly via intermediate 3*+, a radical cation variant of an unprecedented oxa analogue of tetramethyleneethane.

GEX1 compounds, novel antitumor antibiotics related to herboxidiene, produced by Streptomyces sp. I. Taxonomy, production, isolation, physicochemical properties and biological activities.

Six structurally related antitumor antibiotics named GEX1 compounds were isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces sp. GEX1A was identified as a known herbicide, herboxidiene, structurally interested by the tetrahydropyran moiety and the side chain including a conjugated diene. GEX1Q1 to approximately Q5 were determined as novel compounds related to herboxidiene. All GEX1 compounds showed cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 0.0037 to approximately 0.99 microM against human tumor cell lines in vitro, but were not active against both gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Though GEX1A/herboxidiene exhibited antitumor activity in murine tumor-planted mouse models, both GEX1Q3 and GEX1Q5 did not.