Efficacy of the omental roll-up technique in pancreaticojejunostomy to prevent postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Backgrounds/Aims: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is being performed more frequently. A pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) leak is the major determinant of patient outcomes. An omental flap around PJ might improve postoperative outcomes. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was planned at PGIMER, Chandigarh. Fifty-eight patients meeting the criteria were included in the study. Group A underwent PD with omental roll-up and group B underwent standard PD. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 57.1 ± 14.3 years and 51.2 ± 10.7 in group B. Jaundice (p = 0.667), abdominal pain (p = 0.69), and co-morbidities were equal among the groups. The body mass index of patients in group B was higher at 24.3 ± 5.4 kg/m2 (p = 0.03). The common bile duct diameter (12.6 ± 5.3 mm vs. 17.2 ± 10.3 mm, p = 0.13) and the pancreatic duct diameter (4.06 ± 2.01 mm vs. 4.60 ± 2.43 mm, p = 0.91) were comparable. The intraoperative blood loss (mL) was significantly higher in group B (233.33 ± 9.57 vs. 343.33 ± 177.14, p = 0.04). Drain fluid amylase levels on postoperative day (POD) 1 (p = 0.97) and POD3 (p = 0.92) were comparable. The rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) grade A (p ≥ 0.99) and grade B (p = 0.54) were comparable. The mean postoperative length of stay among was similar (p = 0.89). Conclusions: An omental wrap can be performed without increase in complexity of the procedure. However, its utility in preventing POPFs and morbidity remains unclear.

The conundrum of breast cancer mimics.

The BIRADS lexicon ensures a standard reporting terminology in breast imaging and serves as a means of smooth communication between the radiologist and the referring physician. BIRADS assessment categories 4 and 5 warrant a biopsy to rule out underlying malignancy. However, a substantial number of cases in these categories sometimes turn out to be benign on biopsy. These benign mimics encompass inflammatory, sclerosing, neoplastic and a few other miscellaneous conditions. Awareness of these various mimics of breast cancer can equip the radiologist to handle these apparent cases of radiologic-pathological (rad-path) discordance better, guide overall patient management, avoiding inadvertent excisional biopsies and help alleviate patient anxiety and confusion.

Advanced and Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Presenting With Surgical Emergencies Managed With Surgical Resection: A Case Series.

Advanced and metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) presenting with surgical emergencies are rare. Neoadjuvant imatinib being the treatment of choice for non-metastatic advanced disease with a proven role in downstaging the disease may not be feasible in patients presenting with bleeding and obstruction. We present a case series with retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients with advanced and metastatic GISTs presenting with surgical emergencies. Clinical characteristics, imaging and endoscopic findings, surgical procedures, histological findings, and outcomes in these patients were studied. Four patients were included in this case series, with three males and one female (age range: 24-60 years). Two patients presented with melena; one with hemodynamic instability despite multiple blood transfusions underwent urgent exploratory laparotomy for bleeding gastric GIST, while the other underwent surgical exploration after careful evaluation given the recurrent, metastatic disease with a stable metabolic response on six months of imatinib. One patient with metastatic jejunal GIST who presented with an umbilical nodule and intestinal obstruction was given a trial of non-operative management for 72 hours, but due to non-resolution of obstruction, segmental jejunal en bloc resection with the dome of the urinary bladder with reconstruction and metastasectomy was needed. The patient with advanced gastric GIST who presented with gastric outlet obstruction was resuscitated, and an attempt of endoscopic naso-jejunal tube placement was tried, which failed, and exploration was needed. The mean length of hospital stay was 7.5 days. Histopathological examination confirmed GIST in all four patients with microscopic negative resection margins. All patients were started on imatinib with dose escalation to 800 mg in the patient with recurrent and metastatic disease; however, the patient with bleeding gastric GIST experienced severe adverse effects of imatinib and discontinued the drug shortly. All four patients are disease-free on follow-ups of 15 months, 48 months for the patient with advanced non-metastatic disease, and six and 24 months for the patients with metastatic disease. In the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for advanced and metastatic disease, upfront surgery is usually reserved for surgical emergencies only. Surgical resection, the cornerstone for the treatment of resectable GIST, may also be clinically relevant in metastatic settings, although it requires a careful and individualized approach.

Hepatic artery vasospasm masquerading as early hepatic artery thrombosis in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis 3: a case report.

Post-liver transplant (LT) hepatic artery vasospasm is a vascular complication that is not well recognized and its incidence is not known. As a possible sequela to vasospasm, hepatic artery thrombosis is the second major cause of allograft failure after primary nonfunction and its reported incidence is 2.9% in adults and 8.3% in pediatric LT. Lacuna in knowledge regarding early hepatic artery vasospasm post-LT makes it a difficult condition to diagnose and treat, as the initial ischemic insult on graft can have devastating consequences. We report a case of pediatric progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3-related chronic liver disease who underwent cadaveric orthotopic LT and postoperatively developed fever, worsening hypotension, and elevated liver enzymes with an absence of arterial flow in intrahepatic branches on Doppler ultrasound. Suspecting early hepatic artery thrombosis, the patient was re-explored and the graft hepatic artery was found to be in a state of vasospasm. Following the infusion of intra-arterial papaverine, urokinase, and intravenous nicorandil, there was an improvement in blood flow. The patient responded well and was discharged on postoperative day 23 with normal liver enzymes.

Impact of Tailored-Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Versus Conventional Care in Patients of Gastro-Duodenal Perforation: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial.

BACKGROUND: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program established improved clinical outcomes in elective surgery; however, its role in emergencies is uncertain. This study was designed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a tailored-ERAS (t-ERAS) protocol in patients undergoing modified Graham's patch closure for gastro-duodenal perforation. METHODS: A single-centre, prospective, parallel-arm, open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted from February 2021 to December 2021. Patients with gastroduodenal perforation undergoing modified Graham's patch were randomly assigned to either conventional care or the t-ERAS pathway. Patients with refractory septic shock, psychiatric or neurological disorders, pregnancy, multiple perforations, sealed-off perforations, and perforation sizes greater than 1.5 cm were excluded. The primary outcome was to compare the length of hospitalization (LOH). Functional recovery parameters and morbidity were compared in secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients each were included in conventional care and the t-ERAS group. In the t-ERAS group, LOH was significantly shorter (6.3 SD2.15 days versus 9.56 SD4.33 days, p = 0.001). Patients in the t-ERAS group had significantly early functional recovery (days) with time to first bowel sound (1.8 SD0.41; p 0.002), first flatus (2.52 SD0.65; p = 0.026), first stool (3.04 SD0.68; p < 0.001), first liquid diet (2.24 SD0.60; p = 0.002), and duration of ileus (2.64 SD0.86; p = 0.038). There was no significant difference in morbidity such as post-operative nausea and vomiting, SSI, or pulmonary complications between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Tailored ERAS pathways are safe and effective in reducing the LOH and promoting early functional recovery in patients undergoing emergency closure of gastro-duodenal perforation.

Effect of Preoperative Carbohydrate Drink and Postoperative Chewing Gum on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Day Care Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes an unexpected prolonged hospital stay after ambulatory surgery. Novel measures such as preoperative loading of oral carbohydrates and postoperative chewing gum have recently gained momentum for postoperative recovery. This study evaluated the effects of preoperative carbohydrate loading and postoperative chewing gum (CG) on PONV after daycare laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS: A total of 100 patients were randomized to group A (preoperative carbohydrate loading with 200 ml of water with 25 g of carbohydrate and postoperative chewing gum (CG) when the patient responded to his/her name) and group B (standard care). The incidence of PONV and pain was assessed by using visual analogue scale. Quality of recovery (QoR-15) was assessed by using QoR15 questionnaire at 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after surgery. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV and pain was lower in group A; however, it was not significant (p > 0.05). The severity of PONV, pain and the need for rescue antiemetic was significantly lower in group A (p < 0.05). The episodes of PONV and required dose of antiemetic were less in group A. Group A also had a significantly higher QoR-15 score at all time points (p < 0.001). Preoperative dyspepsia was also noticed as a significant confounding predictor for postoperative vomiting. CONCLUSION: Preoperative carbohydrate drinks and early postoperative CG reduces the severity of PONV and requirement of antiemetics in patients undergoing LC. Hence, these simple measures can be used as a standard of care to optimize perioperative care in patients undergoing daycare surgery.

Modified Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocol Versus Non-ERAS Protocol in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy for Acute Intestinal Obstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal approach with promising results in improving patient outcome. Only recently, is evidence emerging highlighting how similar principles of care can be applied to patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022 at PGIMER Chandigarh, which is a leading tertiary care hospital in northern India. 60 patients with acute intestinal obstruction requiring emergency laparotomy were randomized and assigned to ERAS or Non-ERAS group. ERAS protocol with some modifications was applied. Primary endpoints were post-operative hospital stay. Secondary end points were morbidity, 30-day readmission and mortality rate. Data analysis was done using SPSS 22.0. Independent t test or Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square or Fisher-exact test were used for analysis. RESULTS: A significant 3-day reduction in hospital stay was observed in ERAS compared to non-ERAS group (median (interquartile range) 5.50 (4.75-8.25) vs 8.0 (6.0-11.0) p = 0.003) with no difference in 30-day readmission rate, mortality rate and complication rate (according to Clavien-Dindo classification). ERAS group was associated with early recovery of gastrointestinal functions including time to first passage of flatus (p < 0.001), stools (p = 0.014), early ambulation (p < 0.001), time to first fluid diet (p < 0.001), solid diet (p = 0.001) and reduced nasogastric tube reinsertion rates (p = 0.01) despite its early removal. CONCLUSION: ERAS with some modifications can be applied in patients with intestinal obstruction. Thus, we can expedite post-operative recovery and early regain of gastrointestinal function with decreased hospital stay, comparable morbidity and mortality. Further studies are needed to assess ERAS role in emergency gastrointestinal surgeries. Trial registration Ctri.gov Identifier: CTRI/2022/04/042156.

Effect of intraperitoneal magnesium sulfate in the prevention of postoperative pain in daycare laparoscopic cholecystectomy - A prospective randomized controlled trial.

This study evaluated the efficacy of intraperitoneal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in preventing postoperative pain after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). It is a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial which included 64 patients who underwent LC. Patients were equally randomized into Groups A and B. MgSO4 and normal saline were instilled in subdiaphragmatic space in Groups A and B, respectively, after creating pneumoperitoneum and before starting dissection. The Visual analogue Scale (VAS) was used to determine postoperative pain. Patients who received intraperitoneal MgSO4 had lower average VAS scores for the first 6 h postoperatively, and also, the time for the requirement of first analgesic was longer (3.6 ± 0.4 vs. 2.3 ± 1.0 h). The incidence of vomiting and the requirement for rescue antiemetic was also lower in Group A. Intraperitoneal instillation of MgSO4 reduces postoperative pain and vomiting following elective LC without incurring additional side effects.

Serous cystadenoma of head pancreas masquerading as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: Treated by Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Serous cystadenoma (SCA) is the most common cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. Serous cystadenoma is best diagnosed by imaging with computed tomography scan. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is required for definitive preoperative diagnosis. Serous cystadenoma may be sometime difficult to differentiate from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) in the preoperative stage. Differentiating the two entities are important for proper treatment strategy. Serous cystadenoma may be managed in expectant observation. However, all PNETs will need surgical treatment including pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Here, we present a rare presentation of serous cystadenoma head of pancreas masquerading as PNET with local compressive symptoms for which Whipple's PD was done successfully.

Visceral Obesity as a Predictor of Postoperative Complications After Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality post surgery. The measurement of visceral obesity can predict postoperative outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study. Visceral obesity was calculated by measuring the fat thickness in the retro-renal area by using a computed tomography scan. Visceral obesity was defined as retro-renal fat thickness (RRFT) of ≥ 2 cm. Patients were divided into two groups: Group-A (RRFT < 2 cm, non-obese) and Group-B (RRFT > 2 cm, obese). Demographic, clinical, and intraoperative variables were correlated with postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were included in the study. Thirty-two patients were included in Group-A, and 24 patients were included in Group-B. The two groups had comparable outcomes. A total of 21 patients in Group-A (65.62%) and 17 patients in Group-B (70.83%) had comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary disease (p=0.680). American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grading was comparable (p=0.927). BMI was also comparable (p=0.354). Type of pancreaticoduodenectomy, pancreatic texture, pancreatic duct diameter, and technique of pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis were comparable. The mean operative time was longer in Group-B (362 ± 36.2 min vs. 298 ± 45.2 min) (p=0.001). Intraoperative blood loss was more in Group-B (312 ± 36.8 ml vs. 267 ± 23.7 ml) (p=0.001). The rates of postoperative pancreatic fistula and delayed gastric emptying were comparable (p=0.402 and p=0.134, respectively). The length of hospital stay was longer in patients in Group-B (p=0.004). There was one death in Group-B (obese group). CONCLUSION: Visceral obesity is a risk factor for postoperative complications after a pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Prospective Validation and Comparison of Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) and Site Other Than Lower Limb, Immunosuppression, Age, Renal Impairment, and Inflammatory Markers (SIARI) Scoring Systems for Necrotizing Fasciitis.

INTRODUCTION: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressing infection of the soft tissues associated with high morbidity and mortality and hence it is a surgical emergency. Early diagnosis and treatment are of paramount importance. LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis) and SIARI (Site other than lower limb, Immunosuppression, Age, Renal impairment, and Inflammatory markers) scoring systems have been established for early and accurate diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. This study compared the two scoring systems for diagnosing NF, predicting management, and elucidating the prognostic performance for re-operation and mortality. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in PGIMER Chandigarh, India, between February 2020 and June 2021. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (No. INT/IEC/2020-90). The clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, and imaging were used to classify patients into NF or severe cellulitis groups. We also calculated the LRINEC and SIARI scores. Demographic variables and mortality were recorded. The area under the receiver operating characteristic was used to express the accuracy of both scores at a cut-off LRINEC and SIARI scores of ≥6 and ≥ 4, respectively. RESULTS: The study comprised 41 patients with NF and 11 with severe cellulitis. Informed written consent was taken from all the participants. At LRINEC score ≥6, the C-statistic for NF diagnosis was 0.839 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.682-0.995, P 0.001), which was better than SIARI score at ≥ 4, C-statistic of 0.608 (95% CI 0.43-0.787, P 0.297). Both scores accurately predicted 30-day mortality. The LRINEC score showed a C-statistic of 0.912 (95% CI 0.798-1, P 0.001). Simultaneously, the SIARI score showed 70% sensitivity and 77% specificity, with a C-statistic of 0.805 (0.62-0.99, P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: LRINEC score is an effective diagnostic tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from severe cellulitis. Additional research is required to establish the SIARI score's external validity.

Dengue Transmission From Donor to Recipient After Deceased Donor Liver Transplant; Report of a Case and Review of Literature: Is Liver a Privileged Organ?

Nonvector transmission of dengue virus via organ transplantis rare.We report a probable case of dengue virus transmission via deceased donorlivertransplant. The donor was asymptomatic for dengue infection, and the liver recipient developed fever and thrombocytopenia 8 days after transplant. The recipient's testresults were positive forthe antigen for nonstructural protein 1 and for immunoglobulin M; however, donor serum samples were not available. Other transplant recipients (renal allograft) also showed dengue-positive test results during the same period, and these patients eventually died. Dengue illness in the liver recipient was severe and associated with shock and cardiomyopathy that required mechanical ventilation, intensive care, and cessation of immunosuppression; however, the patient subsequently improved and was discharged. This case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion for dengue infection in the presence of graft dysfunction in dengue-endemic areas like India, as well as the importance of the test for the nonstructural protein 1 antigen during dengue outbreaks. These considerations should be included on the standard evaluation of solid-organ transplant donors.

A prospective, non-randomized study to determine the role of intraperitoneal drain placement in perforation peritonitis.

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection continues to be a major problem after laparotomy for perforation peritonitis, as it increases morbidity and hospital stay and decreases the quality of life. Intra-abdominal drain placement is a routine practice in perforation peri-tonitis. The aim of our study is to compare the incidence of surgical site infection in two groups of patients who were operated for perforation peritonitis: The first group received the intraperitoneal drain, while no drain was placed in the second group. METHODS: The present single-center, prospective, non-randomized study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India. A total of 122 patients underwent exploratory laparotomy for gastroduodenal and small bowel perforation peritonitis, of which 100 participants were included in this study, based on specified cri-teria for inclusion and exclusion. A total of 50 participants each were included in the drain group and the no drain group, respectively. A drain was placed in every alternate patient with perforation peritonitis who received primary closure or resection anastomosis. Patients with diabetes, renal failure, and hemodynamic instability and those who presented more than 72 h since symptom onset were excluded from the study. Peritoneal fluids were cultured. The primary endpoint was to identify the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) in the two groups. We also compared the time taken for the return of bowel movements, duration for which a nasogastric tube was inserted, whether any intervention was performed under local or general anesthesia within 30 days of surgery, the duration of hospital stay, and the ease of diagnosing repair leak in the post-operative period in both the groups. RESULTS: Demographics of participants in both the groups were matched. No significant difference was observed between the drain and no-drain groups with respect to the incidence of surgical site infection (p=0.779). The duration of surgery and length of hospital stay were significantly lower in the no drain group. A significant difference was observed between the two groups concerning the peritoneal culture growth, and increased bacterial growth was seen in the drain group. No significant difference in morbidity was noted between the two groups, which was classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. CONCLUSION: Routine use of intra-abdominal drains was not found to be effective in preventing SSIs, but a selection bias cannot be ruled out. Patients with no drains had a significantly shorter duration of hospital stay.

Hepatic Artery Vasospasm Masquerading as Hepatic Artery Thrombosis in a Case of Deceased Donor Liver Transplant.

Hepatic arterial vasospasm can be a potential vascular complication after liver transplantation and can manifest as hepatic artery thrombosis. Due to the scarcity of literature on this pathology, its incidence, mechanism, relevance, diagnosis, and prognosis remain to be investigated. Our index case, a 64-year-old man with decompensated alcohol-related cirrhosis, underwent a cadaveric orthotopic liver transplant and was having a normal postoperative course. On postoperative day 12, liver enzymes were elevated, and Doppler ultrasound performed showed hepatic arterial occlusion. In view of hepatic artery thrombosis digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was done, which showed a string bead appearance of graft hepatic artery, with no thrombosis or stenosis of hepatic artery anastomosis. It was managed by oral administration of vasodilator, as well as intra-arterial administration of vasodilators through DSA catheter tip placed in the hepatic artery. He responded well to the management and was discharged on postoperative day 24 with normal liver enzymes.

Periampullary Carcinoma in a 13-Year-Old With Microsatellite Instability Treated Successfully With Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Periampullary carcinoma in adolescents is very rare and may be associated with hereditary syndromes. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in adolescents is rarely performed. The experience and results of pancreaticoduodenectomy in adolescents are not well reported. Here, we report a case of periampullary carcinoma, duodenal origin, signet ring type with microsatellite instability (MSI), in a 13-year-old male for which pancreaticoduodenectomy was successfully done.

Replaced Right Hepatic Artery Arising From the Celiac Trunk: A Rare and Challenging Anatomical Variant of the Pancreaticoduodenectomy Procedure.

Anatomic variation of the hepatic artery is common and often seen in patients with periampullary carcinoma undergoing a pancreatic duodenectomy. Replaced right hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery is the most common variant encountered. Here we present a rare case of an unclassified pattern of the variant anatomy of replaced right hepatic artery originating from the celiac trunk along with an accessory left hepatic artery arising from the left gastric artery in a patient with periampullary carcinoma undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Rare case of concomitant juxtarenal aortic aneurysm and type 1 Inferior Vena Cava duplication: -intraoperative challenges to avoid catastrophe.

Duplication of the inferior vena cava is a rare congenital anomaly, with an incidence of 0.2-3%. Despite being asymptomatic, anomalies of IVC are important in aortoiliac and retroperitoneal surgeries. Preoperative CT imaging is essential to identify any IVC anomaly and to prevent unexpected hemorrhage during surgery. Here, we report a case of a juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm in which we encountered a type I IVC duplication anomaly intraoperatively while performing transperitoneal aneurysmorrhaphy and took precautions to avoid any iatrogenic injuries to either of the two trunks or the pre-aortic trunk of the anomalous duplicate IVC.

A duplicação da veia cava inferior (VCI) é uma anomalia congênita rara com incidência de 0,2 a 3%. Apesar de assintomáticas, anomalias da VCI são importantes em cirurgias aortoilíacas e retroperitoneais. A imagem da tomografia pré-operatória é essencial para identificar qualquer anomalia de VCI e para evitar hemorragia inesperada durante a cirurgia. Relatamos um caso de aneurisma de aorta abdominal justarrenal, no qual encontramos uma anomalia de duplicação de VCI do tipo 1 intraoperatório enquanto realizávamos correção cirúrgica de aneurisma transperitoneal. Por isso, tomamos a precaução para evitar qualquer lesão iatrogênica nos dois troncos e no tronco pré-aórtico de VCI duplicada anômala.

Anaerobic infections in patients admitted in various surgical units of a tertiary care hospital of north India: neglected but important.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anaerobic infections are usually caused by the host's endogenous flora due to a breach in the anatomical barriers and Bacteroides spp. are the most notorious organisms associated with anaerobic infections. The identification of anaerobes has been a challenge since times. MALDI-TOF-MS is a boon for aiding the rapid detection of anaerobic organisms and has helped us to enlist the distribution of various anaerobic pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis (January 2018 to December 2019) was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in North India, in which the anaerobic microbiological profile of all patients admitted to surgical wards, ICU, and OPD of various departments (Orthopedics, Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics) was reviewed. Samples received were immediately processed aerobically (5% sheep blood agar and Mac Conkeyagar) as well as anaerobically (RCM and freshly prepared sheep blood agar) as per the laboratory protocols. RESULTS: Bacteroides fragilis (19.12%) was the most common anaerobe whereas among aerobes Escherichia coli (30.2%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.34%) were most commonly isolated. The majority of patients were males (56%) and the most common presentation was with abscesses (21.4%). Polymicrobial infections (69.51%) outnumbered monomicrobial ones (30.48%). CONCLUSION: There is a paucity of literature on anaerobe isolation from surgical infections from our country which motivated us to study anaerobic infections and the high sample size in our institute enabled us to study surgical infections from an anaerobic perspective. This will add to the knowledge of microbiologists and clinicians. MALDI-TOF MS helped in rapid and accurate identification and hence we could report a wider spectrum of organisms in our study.