Proteomic analysis revealed the altered kidney protein profile of a Cyld knockout mouse model.

The aim of this study was to compare the proteomics pattern of the kidneys from Cyld knockout mice with that from normal mouse kidneys and establish a preliminary understanding of the role of Cyld in the kidney. Proteins from the kidneys of knockout Cyld mice and wild-type mice were extracted, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was performed, and the proteomics patterns of the two groups were compared. The genotypes of the mice were verified by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 1748 proteins with a local false discovery rate of ≤5% were identified, among which 1437 proteins were reliably recognized and quantified. The expression of two dysregulated proteins was confirmed by Western blotting. Gene ontology and pathway analyses indicated that the proteins identified were involved in biological processes, cell components, and molecular functions, and participated in different pathways. Some of the proteins identified were relevant to renal function or kidney diseases. The difference between the proteomics profiles of kidneys from Cyld knockout mice and wild-type mice was prominent, which correlates to kidney dysfunction and the development of renal diseases.

PpPIF-1: first isolated full-length PIF-like element from the bamboo Phyllostachys pubescens.

PIF-like elements are the first-described members of a recently discovered and widespread superfamily of DNA transposons, named PIF/Harbinger. Complete and partial PIF-like elements have been isolated from hundreds of plant species. Previously, we identified 139 partial PIF-like transposases in the Bambusoideae, of which three were from the bamboo species Phyllostachys pubescens. Here we report identification and isolation of the first full-length PIF-like element (PpPIF-1) from P. pubescens; identification was made by chromosome walking, based on a modified magnetic enrichment procedure that allows efficient cloning of flanking sequences up to 3 kb in length. PpPIF-1 is 5953 bp in length, with 20-bp imperfect inverted terminal repeats and 3-bp target site duplications. This element contains two open reading frames, one encoding a putative transposase, including the complete DDE-domain typical of PIF/Harbinger elements from plants, and the other encoding a DNA-binding protein. There are seven termination codons and two frameshift mutations in the open reading frames, probably due to vertical inactivation.

Transposable elements in Phyllostachys pubescens (Poaceae) genome survey sequences and the full-length cDNA sequences, and their association with simple-sequence repeats.

Phyllostachys pubescens is a woody bamboo with the highest ecological, economic, and cultural values of all bamboos in Asia. There is more genomic data available for P. pubescens than for any other bamboo species, including 2.12-Mb genome survey sequences (GSS) and 11.4-Mb full-length cDNA sequences (FL-cDNAs) currently deposited in GenBank. Analysis of these sequences revealed that transposable elements (TEs) are abundant, diverse and polyphyletic in the P. pubescens genome, of which Ty3-gypsy and Ty1-copia are the two most abundant families. Phylogenic analysis showed that both elements probably arose before the Bambusoideae separated from the other Poaceae subfamilies. We found evidence that the distribution of some intragenic TEs correlated with transcript profiles, of which Mutator elements preferred to insert in the transcripts of transcription factors. Additionally, we found that the abundance of SSRs in TEs (4.56%) was significantly higher than in GSS (0.098%) and in FL-cDNAs (2.60%) in P. pubescens genome, and TA/AT and CT/AG repeats were found to be intimately associated with En/Spm and Mutator elements, respectively. Our data provide a glimpse of the structure and evolution of P. pubescens genome, although large-scale sequencing of the genome would be required to fully understand the architecture of the P. pubescens genome.