Phytoconstituents of Selaginella effusa Alston and Their α-Glucosidase as well as Urease Inhibitory Activities.

Three new compounds (1-2, 14), as well as 22 known compounds (3-13, 15-25), were extracted for the first time from the Selaginella effusa Alston (S. effusa). For the unknown compounds, the planar configurations were determined via NMR and by high-resolution mass spectrometry, while their absolute configurations were determined by calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and the configuration of the stereogenic center of biflavones 4-5 were established for the first time. The pure compounds (1-25) were tested in vitro to determine the inhibitory activity of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Compounds 1-9 inhibited α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 0.30±0.02 to 4.65±0.04 µM and kinetic analysis of enzyme inhibition indicated that biflavones 1-3 were mixed-type α-glucosidase inhibitors. Compounds 12-13 showed excellent inhibitory activity against urease, with compound 12 (IC50 =4.38±0.31 µM) showing better inhibitory activity than the positive control drug AHA (IC50 13.52±0.61 µM). In addition, molecular docking techniques were used to simulate inhibitor-enzyme binding and to estimate the binding posture of the α-glucosidase and urease catalytic sites.

[Effect of premenopausal hysterectomy on ovarian function].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of premenopausal hysterectomy on the function of the conserved ovaries. METHODS: A retrospective survey was conducted by sending questionnaire to 521 cases of hysterectomized women (with the conservation one or two ovaries) for benign gynecological diseases and 1,600 cases of normal controls (with contact uterus and bilateral ovaries). Age, type of operation, diagnosis and the time of the onset of the menopausal syndrome were asked in the questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age of the onset of the hot flush (293 cases) in the hysterectomized group was (44.64 +/- 4.31) years, which was significantly lower than that of the normal group [(46.87 +/- 4.22) years, 197 cases] (P < 0.01). The mean age of the above 293 women undergoing hysterectomized was (42.84 +/- 4.37) years. The range of the operation was positively correlated with the time of the onset of the menopause syndrome. So there was only (1.99 +/- 2.40)-year interval between the hysterectomy and the onset of the hot flush. CONCLUSION: Hysterectomy with the conservation of bilateral/unilateral ovaries may have some certain influence on ovarian function.