[Fingerprint Properties of Cephalosporin Pharmaceutical Wastewater].

Fluorescence spectrum is unique for each water sample, and is called "aqueous fingerprint". Aqueous fingerprint could indicate the contamination in water and thus is a new technology for early warning. Cephalosporin is one of the most commonly used antibiotics worldwide yet with environmental hazards. The production of cephalosporin in China is growing every year. Therefore, the study of aqueous fingerprint of cephalosporin pharmaceutical wastewater is significantly important for both monitoring the discharge of pharmaceutical wastewater and protecting the aquatic environment. In this study we investigated the properties of water fingerprint of cephalosporin pharmaceutical wastewater. There existed 6 peaks in the fingerprints. According to the emission wavelength, these peaks could be divided into two groups: the first group included the peaks locating at excitation wavelength/emission wavelength of 230/350, 275/350，315/350 nm and the second group consisted of the peaks locating at excitation wavelength/emission wavelength of 225/405, 275/410 and 330/420 nm respectively. The highest intensity was found at excitation wavelength/emission wavelength of 230/350 nm. In each group, the fluorescence intensity of the peaks with shorter excitation wavelength is higher. pH could significantly change the position and intensity of the peaks. When pH rose, the peak intensity of first group decreased and that of the second group increased. The intensity decrease is called fluorescence quenching and the intensity increase is called fluorescence sensitizing. The sensitizing and quenching was probably related to the fluorescence organic components with acid and alkaline radical groups in the wastewater. Because if a fluorescent substance contains weak acid or base groups, both the molecular configuration and ionic configurations exist in the solution at the same time. The spatial structure of these configurations are different. This makes the luminescent properties of the configurations different. When pH changes, the ratio of molecular configuration and ionic forms also changes, which causes the change of location and intensity of the fluorescence peaks. Above all, the properties of aqueous fingerprint of cephalosporin pharmaceutical wastewater is distinct and distinguishable. The properties of aqueous fingerprint can be used as a novel tool to identify the appearance of cephalosporin pharmaceutical wastewater.

[Pollution Source Identification of Water Body Based on Aqueous Fingerprint-Case Study].

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is an emerging sensitive technology to detect organic pollution in water bodies. Based on this technique, a research group from Tsinghua University developed a novel instrument as a tool of pollution early-warning and pollution source identification，it has been put into use in A city in South China, for aqueous fingerprint monitoring and pollution sources identification under abnormal conditions. As a new monitoring method, it broke the limitation that traditional water quality monitoring technology could not provide directivity information of pollution source, and could detect abnormity of water quality quickly and identify pollution source accurately. In this paper, the process to identify pollution source during an abnormity incident of water quality in S River captured by the instrument was studied. When the instrument captured unidentified aqueous fingerprints during on-line monitoring, pollution intrusion process was inferred based on the variation of aqueous fingerprint figure and peak intensity. Then the pollution source identification was achieved by comparing the fingerprints between the polluted water body and possible pollution sources by the instrument. The source identification was verified with the changes of other water quality parameters such as pH, aniline, TOC and TN. The results showed that this early-warning and pollution source identification technique can quickly detect and release warning of abnormity of water quality and identify pollution sources accurately via monitoring aqueous fingerprints. The abnormity incident studied in this paper might be caused by dumping raw materials by a chemical plant located in upstream of the river.

[Fingerprint Properties of Semi Synthetic Penicillin Pharmaceutical Wastewater].

High-concentration antibiotics are detected in surface water from time to time. There has been an increasing demand for strengthening the supervision of the antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater. Three-dimensional fluorescence technique is known as a rapid, simple and high-sensitivity method. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum can display organic components and it was named as aqueous fingerprint. In this paper, three-dimensional fluorescence characteristics of a typical semi synthetic penicillin pharmaceutical wastewater were studied. There were totally four fluorescence peaks in the aqueous fingerprint of this wastewater, locating in excitation wavelength/emission wavelength of 360/445, 255/445, 275/305 and 230/300 nm respectively. Fluorescence peak's intensity within certain range related linearly to the relative concentration. The possible fluorescent pollutants related to Peak C and Peak D might be the mixture of D-(-)-A-4-Hydroxyphenylglycine Dane Salt Methyl Potassium (pharmaceutical intermediates), Amoxicillin (pharmaceutical product) and D(-)-4-Hydroxyphenylglycine (pharmaceutical hydrolysate). PH played an important role in the fluorescence characteristics of this wastewater. This indicated that the fluorescent organic pollutants in this wastewater might contain acid or base groups. The aqueous fingerprint technique could be used to monitor the discharge of semi synthetic penicillin pharmaceutical wastewater as a novel tool.