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1.
Front Immunol ; 14: 1332814, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38130725

RESUMO

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common and lethal type of lung cancer, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy offers hope for improving the survival and quality of life of NSCLC patients, but its efficacy depends on the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). Tissue-resident immune cells are a subset of immune cells that reside in various tissues and organs, and play an important role in fighting tumors. In NSCLC, tissue-resident immune cells are heterogeneous in their distribution, phenotype, and function, and can either promote or inhibit tumor progression and response to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on the characteristics, interactions, and roles of tissue-resident immune cells in NSCLC. We also discuss the potential applications of tissue-resident immune cells in NSCLC immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), other immunomodulatory agents, and personalized cell-based therapies. We highlight the challenges and opportunities for developing targeted therapies for tissue-resident immune cells and optimizing existing immunotherapeutic approaches for NSCLC patients. We propose that tissue-resident immune cells are a key determinant of NSCLC outcome and immunotherapy response, and warrant further investigation in future research.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida , Imunoterapia , Microambiente Tumoral
2.
Front Mol Biosci ; 10: 1258870, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37860583

RESUMO

Fibrosis is a common pathological process that must take place for multiple chronic liver diseases to develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver fibrosis (LF) is regulated by various cytokines and signaling pathways in its occurrence and development. Ferroptosis is an important mode of cell death caused by iron-dependent oxidative damage and is regulated by iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation signaling pathways. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to LF. As the main material secreted by the extracellular matrix, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a general concern in the development of LF. Therefore, targeting HSC ferroptosis against LF is crucial. This review describes the current status of treating LF by inducing HSC ferroptosis that would aid studies in better understanding the current knowledge on ferroptosis in HSCs and the future research direction in this field.

3.
Cerebellum ; 2023 Oct 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37880519

RESUMO

As an excitatory neuron in the cerebellum, the granule cells play a crucial role in motor learning. The assembly of NMDAR in these neurons varies in developmental stages, while the significance of this variety is still not clear. In this study, we found that motor training could specially upregulate the expression level of NR1a, a splicing form of NR1 subunit. Interestingly, overexpression of this splicing variant in a cerebellar granule cell-specific manner dramatically elevated the NMDAR binding activity. Furthermore, the NR1a transgenic mice did not only show an enhanced motor learning, but also exhibit a higher efficacy for motor training in motor learning. Our results suggested that as a "junior" receptor, NR1a facilitates NMDAR activity as well as motor skill learning.

4.
Mol Psychiatry ; 28(9): 3795-3805, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37658228

RESUMO

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with a strong genetic liability. Despite extensive studies, however, the underlying pathogenic mechanism still remains elusive. In the present study, we identified a homozygous mutation in the intron 1 of Wnt1 via large-scale screening of ASD risk/causative genes and verified that this mutation created a new splicing donor site in the intron 1, and consequently, a decrease of WNT1 expression. Interestingly, humanized rat models harboring this mutation exhibited robust ASD-like behaviors including impaired ultrasonic vocalization (USV), decreased social interactions, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Moreover, in the substantia nigra compacta (SNpc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of mutant rats, dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons were dramatically lost, together with a comparable decrease in striatal DAergic fibers. Furthermore, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that the decreased DAergic neurons in these midbrain areas might attribute to a shift of the boundary of the local pool of progenitor cells from the hypothalamic floor plate to the midbrain floor plate during the early embryonic stage. Moreover, treatments of mutant rats with levodopa could attenuate the impaired USV and social interactions almost completely, but not the restricted and repetitive behaviors. Our results for the first time documented that the developmental loss of DAergic neurons in the midbrain underlies the pathogenesis of ASD, and that the abnormal progenitor cell patterning is a cellular underpinning for this developmental DAergic neuronal loss. Importantly, the effective dopamine therapy suggests a translational significance in the treatment of ASD.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos , Animais , Ratos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/metabolismo , Íntrons , Mesencéfalo/metabolismo , Substância Negra/metabolismo , Área Tegmentar Ventral/metabolismo
5.
Microbiome ; 11(1): 59, 2023 03 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36973807

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the largest biotechnology applications in the world and are of critical importance to modern urban societies. An accurate evaluation of the microbial dark matter (MDM, microorganisms whose genomes remain uncharacterized) proportions in WWTPs is of great value, while there is no such research yet. This study conducted a global meta-analysis of MDM in WWTPs with 317,542 prokaryotic genomes from the Genome Taxonomy Database and proposed a "wanted list" for priority targets in further investigations of activated sludge. RESULTS: Compared with the Earth Microbiome Project data, WWTPs had relatively lower genome-sequenced proportions of prokaryotes than other ecosystems, such as the animal related environments. Analysis showed that the median proportions of the genome-sequenced cells and taxa (100% identity and 100% coverage in 16S rRNA gene region) in WWTPs reached 56.3% and 34.5% for activated sludge, 48.6% and 28.5% for aerobic biofilm, and 48.3% and 28.5% for anaerobic digestion sludge, respectively. This result meant MDM had high proportions in WWTPs. Besides, all of the samples were occupied by a few predominant taxa, and the majority of the sequenced genomes were from pure cultures. The global-scale "wanted list" for activated sludge contained four phyla that have few representatives and 71 operational taxonomic units with the majority of them having no genome or isolate yet. Finally, several genome mining methods were verified to successfully recover genomes from activated sludge such as hybrid assembly of the second- and third-generation sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: This work elucidated the proportion of MDM in WWTPs, defined the "wanted list" of activated sludge for future investigations, and certified potential genome recovery methods. The proposed methodology of this study can be applied to other ecosystems and improve understanding of ecosystem structure across diverse habitats. Video Abstract.


Assuntos
Microbiota , Purificação da Água , Esgotos , Águas Residuárias , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Microbiota/genética
6.
Hum Genomics ; 16(1): 52, 2022 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36320054

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often accompanied by intellectual disability (ID). Despite extensive studies, however, the genetic basis for this comorbidity is still not clear. In this study, we tried to develop an analyzing pipeline for de novo mutations and possible pathways related to ID phenotype in ASD. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to screen de novo mutations and candidate genes in 79 ASD children together with their parents (trios). The de novo altering genes and relative pathways which were associated with ID phenotype were analyzed. The connection nodes (genes) of above pathways were selected, and the diagnostic value of these selected genes for ID phenotype in the study population was also evaluated. RESULTS: We identified 89 de novo mutant genes, of which 34 genes were previously reported to be associated with ASD, including double hits in the EGF repeats of NOTCH1 gene (p.V999M and p.S1027L). Interestingly, of these 34 genes, 22 may directly affect intelligence quotient (IQ). Further analyses revealed that these IQ-related genes were enriched in protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, and at least 9 genes (CACNA1A, ALG9, PALM2, MGAT4A, PCK2, PLEKHA1, PSME3, ADI1, and TLE3) were involved in all these three pathways. Seven patients who harbored these gene mutations showed a high prevalence of a low IQ score (< 70), a non-verbal language, and an early diagnostic age (< 4 years). Furthermore, our panel of these 9 genes reached a 10.2% diagnostic rate (5/49) in early diagnostic patients with a low IQ score and also reached a 10% diagnostic yield in those with both a low IQ score and non-verbal language (4/40). CONCLUSION: We found some new genetic disposition for ASD accompanied with intellectual disability in this study. Our results may be helpful for etiologic research and early diagnoses of intellectual disability in ASD. Larger population studies and further mechanism studies are warranted.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico , Deficiência Intelectual , Humanos , Aminoácidos/genética , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , China , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Idioma , Mutação , Proteínas/metabolismo
7.
J Biol Chem ; 298(9): 102326, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35933015

RESUMO

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in humans. Current atrial fibrillation antiarrhythmic drugs have limited efficacy and carry the risk of ventricular proarrhythmia. GsMTx4, a mechanosensitive channel-selective inhibitor, has been shown to suppress arrhythmias through the inhibition of stretch-activated channels (SACs) in the heart. The cost of synthesizing this peptide is a major obstacle to clinical use. Here, we studied two types of short peptides derived from GsMTx4 for their effects on a stretch-activated big potassium channel (SAKcaC) from the heart. Type I, a 17-residue peptide (referred to as Pept 01), showed comparable efficacy, whereas type II (i.e., Pept 02), a 10-residue peptide, exerted even more potent inhibitory efficacy on SAKcaC compared with GsMTx4. We identified through mutagenesis important sequences required for peptide functions. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations revealed common structural features with a hydrophobic head followed by a positively charged protrusion that may be involved in peptide channel-lipid interactions. Furthermore, we suggest that these short peptides may inhibit SAKcaC through a specific modification to the mechanogate, as the inhibitory effects for both types of peptides were mostly abolished when tested with a mechano-insensitive channel variant (STREX-del) and a nonmechanosensitive big potassium (mouse Slo1) channel. These findings may offer an opportunity for the development of a new class of drugs in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia generated by excitatory SACs in the heart.


Assuntos
Antiarrítmicos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Subunidades alfa do Canal de Potássio Ativado por Cálcio de Condutância Alta , Neurotoxinas , Peptídeos , Venenos de Aranha , Animais , Antiarrítmicos/química , Antiarrítmicos/farmacologia , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/química , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/farmacologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/uso terapêutico , Subunidades alfa do Canal de Potássio Ativado por Cálcio de Condutância Alta/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipídeos , Camundongos , Neurotoxinas/química , Neurotoxinas/farmacologia , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Venenos de Aranha/química , Venenos de Aranha/farmacologia , Venenos de Aranha/uso terapêutico
8.
Cancer Manag Res ; 13: 8755-8765, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34849029

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Genetic alterations, including IDH, BRAF, and TERT promoter mutations (IDH-mu, BRAF-mu, TERTp-mu, respectively), 1p/19q co-deletion (1p/19q-codel), and MGMT promoter methylation (MGMTp-M), are correlated with glioma tumor development. Therefore, these genetic alterations could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and classification of gliomas, combined with the immunohistochemical markers Ki-67 and p53. However, the correlation between these alterations and the expression of Ki-67 and p53 is poorly understood. METHODS: We analyzed the prevalence and prognosis of these five alterations, as well as Ki-67 and p53 expression, in 103 primary grade II-IV gliomas via fluorescence qPCR, Sanger sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the 103 cases, MGMTp-M was the most common alteration (70.9%), followed by TERTp-mu (58.3%), IDH-mu (46.6%), 1p/19q-codel (34.0%), and BRAF-mu (5.8%). No cases showed quintuple-positive alterations, but 26 cases (25.2%) showed quadruple-positive alterations (IDH-mu/TERTp-mu/MGMTp-M/1p/19q-codel). The percentage of TERTp-mu and 1p/19q-codel cases decreased with p53 expression, and the percentage of IDH-mu and 1p/19q-codel cases decreased with Ki-67 expression. IDH-mu, MGMTp-M, and 1p/19q-codel were positive factors for survival rates in glioma patients, while TERTp-mu, p53, and Ki-67 positivity were negative factors. Old age, histological grade IV, IDH-mu, 1p/19q-codel, Ki-67+, and p53+/Ki-67+ were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). However, only p53+/Ki-67+ was an independent prognostic factor for OS in the multivariate Cox-model analysis. CONCLUSION: IDH-mu only and quadruple-positivity were associated with good OS in glioma patients, while TERTp-mu only, TERTp-mu/MGMTp-M and p53+/Ki-67+ were associated with poor prognosis. Combining these genomic alterations and Ki-67/p53 expression should have clinical value in gliomas.

9.
Acta Neurol Belg ; 121(5): 1207-1215, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32385796

RESUMO

Autophagy, a crucial pathway for the degradation of proteins in eukaryotic cells, is linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the accumulated autophagosomes in the cells resulting in the death of cells. Sevoflurane can impair spatial learning and memory in mice with AD and lead to the apoptosis of nerve cells; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We aim to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of sevoflurane in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 double-transgenic mice. 51 heterozygous APPswe/PS1ΔE9 double-transgenic mice were involved and divided into three groups, including control group, sham group and sevoflurane group. Morris water maze experiment was used to test the learning and memory abilities of mice, flow cytometry was conducted to detect apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential of brain cells in mice, transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the number of autophagosomes at the axon in mice, and western blot was carried out to detect the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, LC3II, P62, KIF3B and DIC proteins of brain cells in mice. In our study, we found that significantly longer escape latencies, fewer crossings of the platform and shorter time spent in the target quadrant of the morris water maze experiment in the sevoflurane group. Flow cytometry showed cellular apoptosis was increased and the membrane potential of the mitochondria was reduced of brain cells in the sevoflurane group. Transmission electron microscopy displayed that there was a remarkable upregulation of autophagosomes at the axon of brain cells in mice after treatment of sevoflurane. Western blot demonstrated that the expression of Bax, LC3II, P62 and KIF3B proteins were elevated, and the expression of Bcl-2 and DIC proteins were reduced in the sevoflurane group. Sevoflurane impaired acquisition learning and memory function, promoted the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 double-transgenic mice, and the mechanism might be related to the activation of autophagy along with the disruption of autophagosomes retrograde transport in axons.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Sevoflurano/farmacologia , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética , Animais , Autofagossomos/metabolismo , Transporte Axonal/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Presenilina-1/genética
10.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 116(47): 23743-23752, 2019 11 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31685635

RESUMO

Epidemiological studies show that maternal diabetes is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), although the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aims to investigate the potential effect of maternal diabetes on autism-like behavior in offspring. The results of in vitro study showed that transient hyperglycemia induces persistent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with suppressed superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression. Additionally, we found that SOD2 suppression is due to oxidative stress-mediated histone methylation and the subsequent dissociation of early growth response 1 (Egr1) on the SOD2 promoter. Furthermore, in vivo rat experiments showed that maternal diabetes induces SOD2 suppression in the amygdala, resulting in autism-like behavior in offspring. SOD2 overexpression restores, while SOD2 knockdown mimics, this effect, indicating that oxidative stress and SOD2 expression play important roles in maternal diabetes-induced autism-like behavior in offspring, while prenatal and postnatal treatment using antioxidants permeable to the blood-brain barrier partly ameliorated this effect. We conclude that maternal diabetes induces autism-like behavior through hyperglycemia-mediated persistent oxidative stress and SOD2 suppression. Here we report a potential mechanism for maternal diabetes-induced ASD.


Assuntos
Transtorno Autístico/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Hiperglicemia/complicações , Estresse Oxidativo , Tonsila do Cerebelo/enzimologia , Animais , Transtorno Autístico/metabolismo , Barreira Hematoencefálica , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Resposta de Crescimento Precoce/metabolismo , Feminino , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Histonas/metabolismo , Metilação , Gravidez , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Resveratrol/administração & dosagem , Resveratrol/farmacocinética , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo
11.
J Biol Chem ; 294(31): 11892-11909, 2019 08 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31201274

RESUMO

The cardiac mechanosensitive BK (Slo1) channels are gated by Ca2+, voltage, and membrane stretch. The neuropeptide GsMTx4 is a selective inhibitor of mechanosensitive (MS) channels. It has been reported to suppress stretch-induced cardiac fibrillation in the heart, but the mechanism underlying the specificity and even the targeting channel(s) in the heart remain elusive. Here, we report that GsMTx4 inhibits a stretch-activated BK channel (SAKcaC) in the heart through a modulation specific to mechano-gating. We show that membrane stretching increases while GsMTx4 decreases the open probability (Po) of SAKcaC. These effects were mostly abolished by the deletion of the STREX axis-regulated (STREX) exon located between RCK1 and RCK2 domains in BK channels. Single-channel kinetics analysis revealed that membrane stretch activates SAKcaC by prolonging the open-time duration (τO) and shortening the closed-time constant (τC). In contrast, GsMTx4 reversed the effects of membrane stretch, suggesting that GsMTx4 inhibits SAKcaC activity by interfering with mechano-gating of the channel. Moreover, GsMTx4 exerted stronger efficacy on SAKcaC under membrane-hyperpolarized/resting conditions. Molecular dynamics simulation study revealed that GsMTx4 appeared to have the ability to penetrate deeply within the bilayer, thus generating strong membrane deformation under the hyperpolarizing/resting conditions. Immunostaining results indicate that BK variants containing STREX are also expressed in mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes. Our results provide common mechanisms of peptide actions on MS channels and may give clues to therapeutic suppression of cardiac arrhythmias caused by excitatory currents through MS channels under hyper-mechanical stress in the heart.


Assuntos
Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Canais de Potássio Ativados por Cálcio de Condutância Alta/metabolismo , Venenos de Aranha/metabolismo , Animais , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Galinhas , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Cinética , Canais de Potássio Ativados por Cálcio de Condutância Alta/antagonistas & inibidores , Canais de Potássio Ativados por Cálcio de Condutância Alta/genética , Camundongos , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Miócitos Cardíacos/classificação , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Domínios Proteicos
12.
Int J Clin Exp Pathol ; 12(8): 3077-3081, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31934148

RESUMO

Dendritic fibromyxolipoma, a rare subtype of lipoma, mainly occurs in the neck, back, and chest wall. Here, we describe the first reported case located in the parotid gland. It happened in a 24-year-old woman with a well-demarcated painless mass. Pathologically, the tumor was characterized by small spindle and stellate cells, an unequal number of mature fat cells, plentiful myxoid stroma, and collagenous fiber bundles. Immunochemistry demonstrated that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD34, Bcl-2, and desmin, but not for keratin, EMA, SMA, or S-100. The tumor was successfully removed without complications. This report will bring to the attention of clinicians the clinical features and differential diagnosis of this unusual tumor.

13.
Int J Clin Exp Pathol ; 10(7): 7270-7276, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31966566

RESUMO

This study aimed to re-evaluate the concordance between FISH and IHC for HER-2 status, and evaluate its clinicopathologic significance in breast cancer by the new guideline (2014) in China. We determined the HER-2 status in 589 cases of invasive breast cancer, the concordance and correlation between these two results and their relationship to cliniopathological characteristics were evaluated. The rate of HER-2 gene amplification identified by FISH was 31.07% (183/589). Concordance was detected in 93.67% with IHC 0/+, 32.26% in IHC 2+, and 61.16% in IHC 3+. The concordance of 54.67% was observed with a Kappa coefficient of 0.189 (P = 0.000), and a positive correlation was found between IHC and FISH (r = 0.427, P = 0.000). Moreover, the expression of ER was negatively correlated with HER-2 gene amplification and the expression of Her-2/neu protein (r = -0.419, P < 0.001; r = -0.144, P < 0.001; respectively), and the PR expression and ER/PR status was negatively correlated with HER-2 gene amplification (r = -0.226, P < 0.001; r = -0.258, P < 0.001), but not significantly with Her-2/neu expression. Interestingly, the tumor size and histological grade were positive correlation with HER-2/neu protein expression. The coincidently positive rate between FISH and IHC in breast cancer is very high, IHC score 0/+ is strongly consistent with HER-2 gene amplification, IHC score 2+~3+ is a preferred method to detect the HER-2 gene status, FISH still remains a standard method of evaluation of the HER-2 gene amplification.

14.
Prostate ; 75(2): 151-60, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25284475

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ellagic acid (EA), a component of pomegranate fruit juice (PFJ), is a plant-derived polyphenol and has antioxidant properties. PFJ and EA have been reported to suppress various cancers, including prostate cancer. However, their chemopreventive effects on development and progression of prostate cancer using in vivo models have not been established yet. METHODS: The transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) model was used to investigate the modulating effects of PFJ and EA on prostate carcinogenesis. Three-week-old male transgenic rats were treated with EA or PFJ for 10 weeks. In vitro assays for cell growth, apoptosis, and Western blot were performed using the human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP (androgen-dependent), PC-3 and DU145 (androgen-independent). RESULTS: PFJ decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in lateral prostate, and both EA and PFJ suppressed the progression of prostate carcinogenesis and induced apoptosis by caspase 3 activation in the TRAP model. In addition, the level of lipid peroxidation in ventral prostate was significantly decreased by EA treatment. EA was able to inhibit cell proliferation of LNCaP, whereas this effect was not observed in PC-3 and DU145. As with the in vivo data, EA induced apoptosis in LNCaP by increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 activation. Cell-cycle related proteins, p21(WAF) , p27(Kip) , cdk2, and cyclin E, were increased while cyclin D1 and cdk1 were decreased by EA treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that PFJ and EA are potential chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer, and EA may be the active component of PFJ that exerts these anti-cancer effects.


Assuntos
Antagonistas de Androgênios/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Elágico/uso terapêutico , Lythraceae , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Antagonistas de Androgênios/isolamento & purificação , Antagonistas de Androgênios/farmacologia , Androgênios/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Bebidas , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ácido Elágico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Elágico/farmacologia , Frutas , Humanos , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos Transgênicos
15.
Int J Clin Exp Pathol ; 7(3): 969-77, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24696714

RESUMO

The implication of HLJ1, a member of the heat shock protein-40 chaperone family, in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamic changes of HLJ1 in CRC both in vitro and in vivo, and the relationship between its level and the survival rate of CRC patients. Both real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HLJ1 in CRC cells, while the distribution of HLJ1 in CRC and its adjacent normal mucosa tissues from CRC patients was determined with immunohistochemistry. Moreover, MTT and in vitro invasive assays were performed to determine the effect of HLJ1 overexpression on cell proliferation and invasion of CRC cells. The results indicated that in highly metastatic CRC cells, the HLJ1 expression was lower than that in lowly metastatic ones, and that the overexpression of HLJ1 significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Interestingly, the HLJ1 expression was significantly down-regulated in CRC or lymphatic metastatic tissues from patient, compared to that in the normal mucosa (P<0.05), and the HLJ1 expression was correlated strongly with lymph metastasis, Dukes' stage, and remote metastasis (P<0.05). Most surprisingly, patients with a higher HLJ1 level had a better overall survival rate, compared to that in patients with lower HLJ1 level (P<0.05). Based on all these findings, we conclude that HLJ1 is a strong tumor suppressor for CRC, and thus the down-regulation of the HLJ1 expression may be used as a biomarker to predict clinical outcome of patients with CRC.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP40/biossíntese , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Western Blotting , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
16.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 110(16): 6589-94, 2013 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23576730

RESUMO

Adolescent trauma (AT) is a common risk factor for adult-onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the vulnerability to AT among different individuals varies dramatically, indicating that other cofactors are important. Despite extensive studies, the identification of those cofactors has had little success. Here, we found that after subjected to traumatic stress at postnatal day 25 (P25), a stage that is comparable to the human adolescent period, inducible/reversible forebrain-specific cholecystokinin receptor-2 transgenic (IF-CCKR-2 tg) mice exhibited a significantly higher level of PTSD-like behavior at a later life (adult) stage compared with their wild-type littermates. Moreover, in these traumatized IF-CCKR-2 tg mice, both the glucocorticoid negative feedback inhibition and spatial learning and memory were impaired. Interestingly, if the CCKR-2 transgene was specifically suppressed during the time of AT exposure, these observations were largely diminished, indicating that a temporal association of the elevated CCKergic tone and AT is pathogenically critical. Treatment of traumatized IF-CCKR-2 tg mice with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, for a period of 4 wk significantly attenuated the PTSD-like behavior and the impaired glucocorticoid negative feedback inhibition, but not the memory deficit, implying that the memory deficit is an independent post-AT clinical entity and not a consequence of PTSD. Taken together, these results reveal a dynamic role of the CCKergic system in the development of post-AT psychopathologies and suggest that a timely antagonism of CCKR-2 activity during AT exposure is a potential preventive strategy for post-AT psychopathologies including PTSD and cognitive dysfunction.


Assuntos
Medo/fisiologia , Retroalimentação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/etiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/fisiopatologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Análise de Variância , Animais , Primers do DNA/genética , Estimulação Elétrica , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Fluoxetina , Hibridização In Situ , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Prosencéfalo/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Receptor de Colecistocinina B/genética , Receptor de Colecistocinina B/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Tempo
17.
Prostate ; 72(14): 1559-72, 2012 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22430461

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: With the limited strategies for curative treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), public interest has focused on the potential prevention of prostate cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) has the potential to decrease serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and improve performance status in CRPC patients. These facts prompted us to investigate the direct effects of ARBs on prostate cancer growth and progression. METHODS: Transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) model established in our laboratory was used. TRAP rats of 3 weeks of age received ARB (telmisartan or candesartan) at the concentration of 2 or 10 mg/kg/day in drinking water for 12 weeks. In vitro analyses for cell growth, ubiquitylation or reporter gene assay were performed using LNCaP cells. RESULTS: We found that both telmisartan and candesartan attenuated prostate carcinogenesis in TRAP rats by augmentation of apoptosis resulting from activation of caspases, inactivation of p38 MAPK and down-regulation of the androgen receptor (AR). Further, microarray analysis demonstrated up-regulation of estrogen receptor ß (ERß) by ARB treatment. In both parental and androgen-independent LNCaP cells, ARB inhibited both cell growth and AR-mediated transcriptional activity. ARB also exerted a mild additional effect on AR-mediated transcriptional activation by the ERß up-regulation. An intervention study revealed that PSA progression was prolonged in prostate cancer patients given an ARB compared with placebo control. CONCLUSION: These data provide a new concept that ARBs are promising potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents for prostate cancer.


Assuntos
Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Benzoatos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Tetrazóis/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Bifenilo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/genética , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Neoplasias Hormônio-Dependentes/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hormônio-Dependentes/genética , Neoplasias Hormônio-Dependentes/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos Transgênicos , Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Telmisartan
18.
Cancer Sci ; 103(5): 860-7, 2012 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22320152

RESUMO

To reduce cancer mortality, understanding of mechanisms of cancer metastasis is crucial. We have established six rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, which exhibit differing metastatic potential to the lung after inoculation into the tail veins of nude mice. In the present experiment, we investigated the process of cell attachment to metastatic sites and possible regulating factors. One hour after inoculation, two of two HCC cell lines with high metastatic potential and one of two HCC cell lines with low metastatic potential exhibited many attached cells in the lung. One day after inoculation, lung metastatic foci were observed only with highly-metastatic cells with elevated connexin 43 (Cx43) expression as assessed by cDNA array analysis. Furthermore, 24 or 48 h after transfection of an siRNA targeting Cx43, in vitro invasion and migration were suppressed by 68% (P < 0.001) and 36% (P < 0.05) compared with control-siRNA transfected cells, despite no differences in cellular morphology, cell proliferation or apoptotic activity. Moreover, the number of metastatic nodules per lung area in nude mice was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced. In conclusion, suppression of Cx43 expression in tumor cells reduced in vitro migration and invasion capacity and in vivo metastatic ability so that Cx43 has potential as a molecular target for prevention of cancer metastasis with Cx43 overexpressing tumors.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Conexina 43/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/secundário , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Inativação Gênica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Invasividade Neoplásica , Transplante de Neoplasias , Ratos
19.
Pathol Int ; 61(4): 202-9, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21418392

RESUMO

Epidemiological data on the relationship between hypertension and prostate cancer development are conflicting. To cast light on this question, we performed animal experiments using hybrid rats generated by crossing the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) or its normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat with a transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) that features development of adenocarcinoma at high incidence by 15 weeks of age. The number of adenocarcinomatous foci in the lateral prostate of hypertensive (TRAP × SHR)F1 rats was demonstrated to be significantly increased compared with those of normotensive (TRAP × WKY)F1 rats. In the ventral prostate, increase of carcinoma foci was also observed but did not reach significance. The number of cancer foci showing microinvasion in (TRAP × SHR)F1 rats was higher than that of (TRAP × WKY)F1 rats, but again without significance, while treatment with prazosin, an anti-hypertensive agent, tended to decrease microinvasive carcinoma foci in both the ventral and lateral prostate. In conclusion, the present study provided additional evidence that high blood pressure is associated with prostate cancer risk.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/complicações , Hipertensão/complicações , Neoplasias da Próstata/complicações , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Transgênicos , Ratos Wistar
20.
PLoS One ; 5(12): e15999, 2010 Dec 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21209861

RESUMO

Fear, an emotional response of animals to environmental stress/threats, plays an important role in initiating and driving adaptive response, by which the homeostasis in the body is maintained. Overwhelming/uncontrollable fear, however, represents a core symptom of anxiety disorders, and may disturb the homeostasis. Because to recall or imagine certain cue(s) of stress/threats is a compulsory inducer for the expression of anxiety, it is generally believed that the pathogenesis of anxiety is associated with higher attention (acquisition) selectively to stress or mal-enhanced fear memory, despite that the actual relationship between fear memory and anxiety is not yet really established. In this study, inducible forebrain-specific cholecystokinin receptor-2 transgenic (IF-CCKR-2 tg) mice, different stress paradigms, batteries of behavioral tests, and biochemical assays were used to evaluate how different CCKergic activities drive fear behavior and hormonal reaction in response to stresses with different intensities. We found that in IF-CCKR-2 tg mice, contextual fear was impaired following 1 trial of footshock, while overall fear behavior was enhanced following 36 trials of footshock, compared to their littermate controls. In contrast to a standard Yerkes-Dodson (inverted-U shaped) stress-fear relationship in control mice, a linearized stress-fear curve was observed in CCKR-2 tg mice following gradient stresses. Moreover, compared to 1 trial, 36 trials of footshock in these transgenic mice enhanced anxiety-like behavior in other behavioral tests, impaired spatial and recognition memories, and prolonged the activation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and glucocorticoids (CORT) following new acute stress. Taken together, these results indicate that stress may trigger two distinctive neurobehavioral systems, depending on both of the intensity of stress and the CCKergic tone in the brain. A "threshold theory" for this two-behavior system has been suggested.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/metabolismo , Medo , Memória , Receptor de Colecistocinina B/química , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/metabolismo , Tonsila do Cerebelo/metabolismo , Animais , Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Prosencéfalo/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo
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