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2.
Int J Colorectal Dis ; 38(1): 240, 2023 Sep 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37755588

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The incremental yield of I-Scan virtual chromoendoscopy compared to high-definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) in detection of colorectal adenomas has not been thoroughly elucidated. METHODS: A systematic search from inception to April 2023 was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing I-Scan to HD-WLE for detection of adenomas. A random effects model was used to compute risk difference (RD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals in adenoma detection rate (ADR). Influence analysis was done to assess robustness of findings. The number needed to diagnose was computed. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and explored further by subgroup analyses defined a priori. Certainty in effect estimates was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: We identified four studies (I-Scan n = 730, HD-WLE n = 765). I-Scan increased adenoma detection by 9% (risk difference (RD), 0.09; 0.04, 0.14; I2 02%; certainty, low). Influence analysis revealed that the gain in yield remained statistically significant with exclusion of all but one study. The number needed to capture one additional adenomatous polyp with I-Scan use was 11.2. I-Scan 1 use was associated with a statistically significant gain in ADR, whereas no significant difference in ADR was noted with I-Scan use on subgroup analysis. DISCUSSION: In conclusion, I-Scan increases the yield of adenoma detection by 9% compared to HD-WLE, with low certainty in the estimate of this effect. Data on the gain in yield of detecting large polyps, sessile serrated lesions, and on the impact of formally training endoscopists and trainees in I-Scan use and similar technology on adenoma detection rate are needed.


Assuntos
Adenoma , Neoplasias Colorretais , Pólipos , Humanos , Colonoscopia , Adenoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Luz
3.
Mol Cancer Res ; 19(7): 1168-1181, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33753553

RESUMO

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by chromosomal instability, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and high metabolic demand that exacerbate misfolded, unfolded, and damaged protein burden resulting in increased proteotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms that maintain protein homeostasis to promote HGSOC growth remain poorly understood. This study reports that the neuronal deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), is overexpressed in HGSOC and maintains protein homeostasis. UCHL1 expression was markedly increased in HGSOC patient tumors and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (HGSOC precursor lesions). High UCHL1 levels correlated with higher tumor grade and poor patient survival. UCHL1 inhibition reduced HGSOC cell proliferation and invasion, as well as significantly decreased the in vivo metastatic growth of ovarian cancer xenografts. Transcriptional profiling of UCHL1-silenced HGSOC cells revealed downregulation of genes implicated with proteasome activity along with upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced genes. Reduced expression of proteasome subunit alpha 7 (PSMA7) and acylaminoacyl peptide hydrolase (APEH), upon silencing of UCHL1, resulted in a significant decrease in proteasome activity, impaired protein degradation, and abrogated HGSOC growth. Furthermore, the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins in the UCHL1-silenced cells led to attenuation of mTORC1 activity and protein synthesis, and induction of terminal unfolded protein response. Collectively, these results indicate that UCHL1 promotes HGSOC growth by mediating protein homeostasis through the PSMA7-APEH-proteasome axis. IMPLICATIONS: This study identifies the novel links in the proteostasis network to target protein homeostasis in HGSOC and recognizes the potential of inhibiting UCHL1 and APEH to sensitize cancer cells to proteotoxic stress in solid tumors.


Assuntos
Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Peptídeo Hidrolases/genética , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/genética , Proteostase/genética , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/genética , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/tratamento farmacológico , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/metabolismo , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Indóis/farmacologia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Camundongos Nus , Gradação de Tumores , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Oximas/farmacologia , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/antagonistas & inibidores , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodos
4.
Case Rep Crit Care ; 2020: 5917459, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32411486

RESUMO

Cerebral edema is a devastating complication of DKA which is extremely rare in adults but is the leading cause of diabetes-related death in the pediatric population. Newly diagnosed diabetes, younger age, first episode of DKA, severity of DKA at presentation, and administration of bicarbonate are predictive of cerebral edema in DKA. We present a case of a young adult with DKA as the presenting symptom of diabetes, whose clinical course was complicated by renal failure, refractory shock, and cerebral edema. This case addresses the controversy surrounding bicarbonate therapy in DKA and its possible role in the development of a rare fatal complication of DKA.

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