Correção histeroscópica de útero septado completo / Hysteroscopic correction of complete septate uterus

As anomalias congênitas do trato genital feminino são condições relativamente comuns que podem levar com frequência a problemas reprodutivos. Atualmente, a abordagem cirúrgica da maioria das malformações uterinas tem sido realizada por via endoscópica, tendo a histeroscopia, com sua segurança e baixa invasividade, substituído a correção cirúrgica por via abdominal, praticamente em desuso. Com o advento da cirurgia histeroscópica, a realização de metroplastia se tornou um procedimento simples, com ótimos resultados reprodutivos. O caso clínico apresentado relata o resultado de uma correção cirúrgica endoscópica de uma malformação uterina pouco comum: útero septado completo. A dificuldade cirúrgica na abordagem da doença está na presença de dupla vagina e, sobretudo, na presença de dois colos uterinos que implicam a utilização de estratégias endoscópicas especiais para superar os obstáculos. Os autores detalham sua experiência com esse tipo de metroplastia. Uma boa prática endoscópica aliada a modernas técnicas de imagem permitem, também nesses casos, uma completa restituição da integridade da cavidade uterina, melhorando o potencial reprodutivo dessas pacientes.(AU)

Congenital malformations of the female genital tract are relatively common conditions that can often lead to reproductive problems. Currently, the surgical approach to most uterine malformations has been performed endoscopically, and hysteroscopy, with its safety and low invasiveness, has been replacing abdominal surgical correction, practically in disuse. With the advent of hysteroscopic surgery, the realization of metroplasty became a simple procedure, with excellent reproductive results. The clinical case presented, reports the result of an endoscopic surgical correction of an uncommon uterine malformation: complete septate uterus. The surgical difficulty in approaching the disease is in the presence of double vagina, and, especially, in the presence of two uterine cervix that imply the use of special endoscopic strategies to overcome obstacles. The authors detail their experience with this type of metroplasty. A good endoscopic experience combined with modern imaging techniques also allows in these cases a complete restoration of the integrity of the uterine cavity, improving the reproductive potential of these patients.(AU)

Endometritis in Infertile Couples: The Role of Hysteroscopy and Bacterial Endotoxin.

OBJECTIVE: The role of endometritis on infertility is still controversial. The aim of our prospective controlled study was to select infertile couples and to analyze: hysteroscopic findings of endometritis, bacterial endotoxin level in the menstrual blood, histological pattern of endometrial biopsy and to determine the effect of antibiotic therapy on endometritis resolution. METHODS: 100 infertile couples of University Hospital waiting for in vitro fertilization program. We evaluated the incidence of endometritis in infertile population by hysteroscopy, endometrial biopsy and bacterial endotoxin levels in the menstrual samples. Moreover, we verified the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment on the endometritis resolution by hysteroscopic control. RESULTS: Out of 100 women enrolled, 15 showed hysteroscopic evidence of endometritis and 12 of these patients presented higher bacterial endotoxin in the menstrual samples. The histological results were positive for endometritis in 9 cases, 1 woman had no adequate samples and 5 patients had negative result. After antibiotic therapy, 9 patients had a complete hysteroscopic endometritis resolution, 4 patients had an improvement and in 2 cases there was no endometrial change. Concerning histological findings after therapy, we had negative results in 12 patients and persistent inflammatory findings in 2 patients. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated a high incidence of endometritis in infertile couples (15%). The endometrial biopsy was in agreement with the hysteroscopic findings in 60% of the cases, and the bacterial endotoxin level in the menstrual samples was higher in 12 patients with suspected endometritis, then its measurement can be helpful to confirm an endometrial infection but its influence must be confirmed with further researches. The antibiotic therapy can improve the hysteroscopic endometrial inflammatory aspect in over 80% of cases.

Minirressectoscópio de Gubbini / Miniresectoscope of Gubbini

Os instrumentos empregados na histeroscopia cirúrgica experimentaram grandes avanços nos últimos 30 anos e permitiram escolher desde ressectoscópios de 26 e 21 Fr. acoplados a corrente mono ou bipolar até a office hysteroscopy, que contempla o uso de sistemas operatórios de diâmetros semelhantes àqueles empregados na histeroscopia diagnóstica. Essas opções ampliaram e fortaleceram as possibilidades de indicação cirúrgicas, minimizaram riscos e reduziram acentuadamente as contra indicações. A introdução do minirressectoscópio de Gubbini de 16 Fr. na prática histeroscópica permitiu, graças ao seu diâmetro reduzido, a execução de procedimentos ambulatoriais com a técnica de slicing, que aumenta e facilita as possibilidades do see and treat ambulatorial. A funcionalidade do instrumento tem se revelado satisfatória, já que permite a passagem da corrente de mono para bipolar no mesmo ressectoscópio em uso e nas mesmas alças multiuso. A nossa casuística, que compreende 1.350 pacientes e inclui variadas patologias intrauterinas e endocervicais, demonstra uma eficácia de 100% do instrumento, cuja limitação, não categórica, subordina-se aos miomas com diâmetro superior a 3 cm.

The instruments employed in surgical hysteroscopy experienced great advances in the last 30 years, allowing operators to choose from resectoscopes of 26 and 21 fr. coupled with mono or bipolar current, to the use of “office hysteroscopy”, which contemplates the use of operating systems of diameters similar to those employed in diagnostic hysteroscopy. All these options have broadened and strengthened the possibilities of surgical indications, minimizing risk and reducing sharply the contraindications. The introduction of the miniresectoscope of Gubbini of 16 fr. thanks to its reduced diameter, enabled the implementation of outpatient procedures with the technique of “slicing”, increasing andfacilitating the possibilities of “see and treat” outpatient. The functionality of the instrument has proved to be satisfactory as it allows the passage of current from mono to bipolar in the same resectoscope in use and under the same multipurpose handles. Our series,comprising 1,350 patients and including various intrauterine and endocervical pathology, demonstrates an effectiveness of 100% of the instrument, whose limitation, not categorical, is subordinated to the fibroids with diameter greater than 3 cm.