RESUMO
Acute diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity worldwide. Psidium guajava has been globally used for its antidiarrheal potential. We conducted a systematic review of scientific articles published up to the year 2021, which included in vivo pre-clinical tests and clinical trials involving patients with acute infectious diarrhea to verify the antidiarrheal, antibacterial and antispasmodic effects of galenic preparations or phytopharmaceuticals from P. guajava. PRISMA and Rayyan were used as tools for the selection of studies collected in four databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct). The keywords used to carry out the search were: 'Psidium guajava', 'guava', 'antidiarrhe*' and 'diarrhe*', joined by Boolean operators 'OR' or 'AND'. The characteristics of studies in animal models of acute diarrhea induction, as well as in vivo and in vitro motility and microbiological tests linked with its main pathophysiological mechanisms, were collected. Twenty-three articles were included. Twenty (87%) of these reported heterogenic preclinical studies, predominating pharmacological studies of efficacy against conventional antidiarrheal agents, which utilized relevant outcomes and models of infectious diarrhea from the top pathogens in the clinic along with classical castor oil-induced diarrhea associated with motility tests. Only three articles (13%) corresponded to clinical trials investigating the efficacy, dose and safety of these preparations. Most studies reported positive results and significant mechanistic evidence from antibacterial, anti-motility, anti-secretory and protective/anti-inflammatory perspectives. However, further studies are needed to define the clinical significance and safety treatment with P. guajava extracts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
RESUMO
En la vida de Jerónimo de Ayanz hay un lapso de tiempo, desde noviembre de 1611 hasta su muerte, en marzo de 1613, del que no disponíamos de ninguna fuente documental. Recientemente, un impreso adquirido por la Biblioteca Nacional de España, y que hemos fechado en 1612, revela que el técnico estuvo activo hasta sus últimos días y nos muestra una nueva faceta suya: la experimentación científica. Este documento incluye una carta impresa dirigida al príncipe Emanuel Filiberto de Saboya. En la misiva, Ayanz presenta al príncipe un capítulo de un libro científico desconocido que estaba escribiendo en el que, a través de la experimentación, trata asuntos como la compulsión de los elementos, la existencia del vacío, el movimiento perpetuo, la esfera ígnea o la caída de los cuerpos. Nuestro objetivo es presentar este valioso documento y exponer los experimentos e innovadoras teorías científicas que Ayanz plantea (AU)
Recently, a printed document of Jerónimo de Ayanz, acquired by the Biblioteca Nacional de España (the National Library of Spain), has revealed that this inventor was active until the very last days of his life and shows his interest in technology, research and science. The document, addressed to the Prince Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, is one chapter of a book, of which no copies are known, that Ayanz had prepared in 1612 and that he probably wanted to publish with the support of the Prince. In this paper we present and comment this important text, where the author discusses central scientific subjects of his time such as the compulsory movement of the elements, the existence of vacuum, the possibility of perpetual motion, the sphere of fire and falling bodies (AU)
Assuntos
História do Século XVI , Ciência/classificação , Ciência/história , Religião/história , Religião e Medicina , 32408/história , 1692 , Conhecimento , Pesquisa Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico , Ar , IncêndiosRESUMO
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) mineralize nanosized magnetite or greigite crystals within cells and thus play an important role in the biogeochemical process. Despite decades of research, knowledge of MTB distribution and ecology, notably in areas subjected to oil industry activities, is still limited. In the present study, we investigated the presence of MTB in the Gulf of Fos, French Mediterranean coast, which is subjected to intensive oil industry activities. Microcosms containing sediments/water (1:2, v/v) from several sampling sites were monitored over several weeks. The presence of MTB was revealed in five of eight sites. Diverse and numerous MTB were revealed particularly from one site (named CAR), whilst temporal variations of a homogenous magnetotactic cocci population was shown within the LAV site microcosm over a 4-month period. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they belonged to Alphaproteobacteria, and a novel genus from the LAV site was evidenced. Among the physicochemical parameters measured, a correlation was shown between the variation of MTB abundance in microcosms and the redox state of sulphur compounds.
