Abdominal obesity is strongly associated to blood pressure in young Mexicans.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine associations between abdominal obesity (AOb) and the other components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young Mexicans in a cross-sectional survey completed during a 4 year period. METHODS: This cross-sectional study reports on components and prevalence of MetS by using Alberti et al. (16) criteria, as well as association between AOb and elevated blood pressure (BP) of 2,993 Mexican university students, ages 17 to 25 years (66% women) from central and northern Mexico, over a 4-year survey (2010-2013). RESULTS: The most prevalent MetS components in the total sample were low HDL-C concentration (43.6%) and AOb (41.1%). MetS prevalence was 11.8%, more men than women were classified with MetS (14.3% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.01). BP was the MetS component with the lowest prevalence (8.6%). A strong association between AOb and altered BP with in both men and women was found (OR 4.3, IC95% 2.5-7.4). CONCLUSIONS: Even BP was the component with the lowest prevalence, AOb was more strongly associated with it. This fact, could explain the prevalence of hypertension among young Mexican adults.

Abdominal obesity is strongly associated to blood pressure in young Mexicans / La obesidad abdominal está fuertemente asociada a hipertensión arterial en jóvenes mexicanos

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine associations between abdominal obesity (AOb) and the other components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young Mexicans in a cross-sectional survey completed during a 4 year period. Methods: This cross-sectional study reports on components and prevalence of MetS by using Alberti et al. (16) criteria, as well as association between AOb and elevated blood pressure (BP) of 2,993 Mexican university students, ages 17 to 25 years (66% women) from central and northern Mexico, over a 4-year survey (2010-2013). Results: The most prevalent MetS components in the total sample were low HDL-C concentration (43.6%) and AOb (41.1%). MetS prevalence was 11.8%, more men than women were classified with MetS (14.3% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.01). BP was the MetS component with the lowest prevalence (8.6%). A strong association between AOb and altered BP with in both men and women was found (OR 4.3, IC95% 2.5-7.4). Conclusions: Even BP was the component with the lowest prevalence, AOb was more strongly associated with it. This fact, could explain the prevalence of hypertension among young Mexican adults (AU)

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la obesidad abdominal (OAb) y los otros componentes del síndrome metabólico (SMet) en jóvenes mexicanos a través de una encuesta transversal completada durante un período de 4 años. Métodos: este estudio transversal informa sobre los componentes y la prevalencia del SMet usando los criterios de Alberti y cols. (16), así como la asociación entre OAb y la presión arterial (PA) elevada de 2.993 estudiantes universitarios mexicanos, con edades de 17 a 25 años (66% mujeres), procedentes del centro y norte de México, a través de una encuesta de 4 años (2010-2013). Resultados: los componentes del SMet de mayor prevalencia en la muestra total fueron baja concentración de HDL-C (43,6%) y OAb (41,1%). La prevalencia de SMet fue del 11,8%, mayor en hombres que en mujeres (14,3% vs. 10,5%; p < 0,01). La PA elevada fue el componente del SMet con la prevalencia más baja (8,6%). Se encontró una fuerte asociación entre OAb y PA elevada, tanto en hombres como en mujeres (OR 4,3; IC 95% 2,5 a 7,4). Conclusiones: a pesar de que la PA elevada fue el componente con menor prevalencia, la OAb estuvo más fuertemente asociada con esta, hecho que podría explicar la prevalencia de hipertensión entre los adultos jóvenes mexicanos (AU)

Cardiometabolic risk in young adults from northern Mexico: Revisiting body mass index and waist-circumference as predictors.

BACKGROUND: A body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m(2) and a waist circumference (WC) ≥80 cm in women (WCF) or ≥90 cm in men (WCM) are reference cardiometabolic risk markers (CMM) for Mexicans adults. However, their reliability to predict other CMM (index tests) in young Mexicans has not been studied in depth. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study evaluating several anthropometric, physiological and biochemical CMM from 295 young Mexicans was performed. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and Youden's index (J) of reference BMI/WC cutoffs toward other CMM (n = 14) were obtained and their most reliable cutoffs were further calculated at Jmax. RESULTS: Prevalence, incidence and magnitude of most CMM increased along the BMI range (p < 0.01). BMI explained 81 % of WC's variance [Se (97 %), Sp (71 %), J (68 %), Jmax (86 %), BMI = 30 kg/m(2)] and 4-50 % of other CMM. The five most prevalent (≥71 %) CMM in obese subjects were high WC, low HDL-C, and three insulin-related CMM [Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI]. For a BMI = 30 kg/m(2), J ranged from 16 % (HDL-C/LDL-C) to 68 % (WC), being moderately reliable (Jmax = 61-67) to predict high uric acid (UA), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype (HTGW). Corrected WCM/WCF were moderate-highly reliable (Jmax = 66-90) to predict HTGW, MetS, fasting glucose and UA. Most CMM were moderate-highly predicted at 27 ± 3 kg/m(2) (CI 95 %, 25-28), 85 ± 5 cm (CI 95 %, 82-88) and 81 ± 6cm (CI 95 %, 75-87), for BMI, WCM and WCF, respectively. CONCLUSION: BMI and WC are good predictors of several CMM in the studied population, although at different cutoffs than current reference values.

PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN YOUNG MEXICANS: A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON ITS COMPONENTS.

INTRODUCTION: obesity is a worldwide epidemic, and the high prevalence of diabetes type II (DM2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is in great part a consequence of that epidemic. Metabolic syndrome is a useful tool to estimate the risk of a young population to evolve to DM2 and CVD. OBJECTIVE: to estimate the MetS prevalence in young Mexicans, and to evaluate each parameter as an independent indicator through a sensitivity analysis. METHODS: the prevalence of MetS was estimated in 6 063 young of the México City metropolitan area. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to estimate the performance of each one of the components of MetS, as an indicator of the presence of MetS itself. Five statistical of the sensitivity analysis were calculated for each MetS component and the other parameters included: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value or precision, negative predictive value, and accuracy. RESULTS: the prevalence of MetS in Mexican young population was estimated to be 13.4%. Waist circumference presented the highest sensitivity (96.8% women; 90.0% men), blood pressure presented the highest specificity for women (97.7%) and glucose for men (91.0%). When all the five statistical are considered triglycerides is the component with the highest values, showing a value of 75% or more in four of them. Differences by sex are detected for averages of all components of MetS in young without alterations. CONCLUSIONS: Mexican young are highly prone to acquire MetS: 71% have at least one and up to five MetS parameters altered, and 13.4% of them have MetS. From all the five components of MetS, waist circumference presented the highest sensitivity as a predictor of MetS, and triglycerides is the best parameter if a single factor is to be taken as sole predictor of MetS in Mexican young population, triglycerides is also the parameter with the highest accuracy.

Introducción: la obesidad es una epidemia mundial y la alta prevalencia de diabetes tipo II (DM2) y de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) es, en gran parte, consecuencia de esta epidemia. El síndrome metabólico (SMet) es una herramienta útil para estimar el riesgo de que una población de jóvenes evolucione a DM2 y ECV. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia del SMet en jóvenes mexicanos, y evaluar cada parámetro como un indicador independiente mediante análisis de sensibilidad. Métodos: se estimó la prevalencia del SMet en 6.063 jóvenes del área metropolitana de Ciudad de México. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad para estimar la eficiencia de cada uno de los componentes del SMet como un indicador de la presencia del mismo SMet. Se calcularon cinco estadísticos del análisis de sensibilidad para cada uno de los componentes del SMet y otros parámetros, incluidos: sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo y precisión. Resultados: la prevalencia del SMet en la población de jóvenes mexicanos se estimó en 13.4%. La circunferencia de la cintura presentó la sensibilidad más alta (96.8% mujeres; 90.0% hombres); en las mujeres, la presión arterial presentó la más alta especificidad (97.7%) y en los hombres la glucosa (91.0%). Cuando se consideran los cinco estadísticos, los triglicéridos son el componente con los valores más altos, con valores del 75% o mayores para cuatro de estos. En los jóvenes sin alteraciones se detecta diferencia entre sexos para los promedios de todos los componentes del SMet. Conclusiones: los jóvenes mexicanos son altamente propensos a adquirir SMet: el 71% tiene cuando menos uno y hasta cinco parámetros del SMet alterados, y el 13.4% de ellos tiene SMet. De los cinco componentes del SMet, la circunferencia de la cintura presentó la más alta sensibilidad como predictor del SMet, y los triglicéridos es el mejor parámetro predictor en jóvenes mexicanos si solo se considera un factor predictor del SMet; también los triglicéridos son el parámetro con la más alta precisión.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young Mexicans: a sensitivity analysis on its components / Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en jóvenes mexicanos: análisis de sensibilidad de sus componentes

Introduction: obesity is a worldwide epidemic, and the high prevalence of diabetes type II (DM2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is in great part a consequence of that epidemic. Metabolic syndrome is a useful tool to estimate the risk of a young population to evolve to DM2 and CVD. Objective: to estimate the MetS prevalence in young Mexicans, and to evaluate each parameter as an independent indicator through a sensitivity analysis. Methods: the prevalence of MetS was estimated in 6063 young of the México City metropolitan area. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to estimate the performance of each one of the components of MetS, as an indicator of the presence of MetS itself. Five statistical of the sensitivity analysis were calculated for each MetS component and the other parameters included: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value or precision, negative predictive value, and accuracy. Results: the prevalence of MetS in Mexican young population was estimated to be 13.4%. Waist circumference presented the highest sensitivity (96.8% women; 90.0% men), blood pressure presented the highest specificity for women (97.7%) and glucose for men (91.0%). When all the five statistical are considered triglycerides is the component with the highest values, showing a value of 75% or more in four of them. Differences by sex are detected for averages of all components of MetS in young without alterations. Conclusions: Mexican young are highly prone to acquire MetS: 71% have at least one and up to five MetS parameters altered, and 13.4% of them have MetS. From all the five components of MetS, waist circumference presented the highest sensitivity as a predictor of MetS, and triglycerides is the best parameter if a single factor is to be taken as sole predictor of MetS in Mexican young population, triglycerides is also the parameter with the highest accuracy (AU)

Introducción: la obesidad es una epidemia mundial y la alta prevalencia de diabetes tipo II (DM2) y de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) es, en gran parte, consecuencia de esta epidemia. El síndrome metabólico (SMet) es una herramienta útil para estimar el riesgo de que una población de jóvenes evolucione a DM2 y ECV. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia del SMet en jóvenes mexicanos, y evaluar cada parámetro como un indicador independiente mediante análisis de sensibilidad. Métodos: se estimó la prevalencia del SMet en 6.063 jóvenes del área metropolitana de Ciudad de México. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad para estimar la eficiencia de cada uno de los componentes del SMet como un indicador de la presencia del mismo SMet. Se calcularon cinco estadísticos del análisis de sensibilidad para cada uno de los componentes del SMet y otros parámetros, incluidos: sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo y precisión. Resultados: la prevalencia del SMet en la población de jóvenes mexicanos se estimó en 13.4%. La circunferencia de la cintura presentó la sensibilidad más alta (96.8% mujeres; 90.0% hombres); en las mujeres, la presión arterial presentó la más alta especificidad (97.7%) y en los hombres la glucosa (91.0%). Cuando se consideran los cinco estadísticos, los triglicéridos son el componente con los valores más altos, con valores del 75% o mayores para cuatro de estos. En los jóvenes sin alteraciones se detecta diferencia entre sexos para los promedios de todos los componentes del SMet. Conclusiones: los jóvenes mexicanos son altamente propensos a adquirir SMet: el 71% tiene cuando menos uno y hasta cinco parámetros del SMet alterados, y el 13.4% de ellos tiene SMet. De los cinco componentes del SMet, la circunferencia de la cintura presentó la más alta sensibilidad como predictor del SMet, y los triglicéridos es el mejor parámetro predictor en jóvenes mexicanos si solo se considera un factor predictor del SMet; también los triglicéridos son el parámetro con la más alta precisión (AU)