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Objective: Infantile digital fibromatosis is a rare benign childhood tumor, infrequently cited in the literature. Hallmarks include nodular growths exclusive to fingers and toes and the presence of eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions on histology. This article aims to exemplify diagnoses of infantile digital fibromatosis and possible treatment options. Methods: A computerized English literature search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE database using MeSH headings "infantile," "juvenile," "digital," and "fibromatosis." Twenty electronic publications were selected and their clinical and histological data recorded and used to compile a treatment algorithm. Results: A 9-month-old male child was referred for a persistent, symptomatic nodule on the third left toe. A direct excision with Brunner-type incisions was performed under general anesthesia. The procedure was successful without complications. The patient has no recurrence at 2 years postsurgery and continues to be followed. Histological examination revealed a proliferation of bland, uniformly plump spindle cells with elongated nuclei and small central nucleoli without paranuclear inclusions consistent with fibromatosis. Conclusions: Asymptomatic nodules should be observed for spontaneous regression or treated with nonsurgical techniques such as chemotherapeutic or steroid injection. Surgical removal should be reserved for cases with structural or functional compromise.
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Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM) is a tumor encompassing epithelioid blue nevus of Carney complex (EBN of CNC) and was previously termed animal-type melanoma. Histologically PEMs are heavily pigmented spindled and epithelioid dermal melanocytic tumors with infiltrative borders, however, their origin remains unclear. Stem cells for the epidermis and hair follicle are located in the bulge area of the hair follicle with the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages. Multiple cutaneous carcinomas, including follicular cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (FSCC), are thought to arise from stem cells in the follicular bulge. We present two cases of PEM/ATM in a 63 year-old male on the scalp with follicular origin and a 72 year-old female on the upper back arising in an intradermal nevus. Biopsy of both cases revealed a proliferation of heavily pigmented dermal nests of melanocytes with atypia. The Case 1 tumor was in continuation with the outer root sheath of the hair follicle in the bulge region. Case 2 arose in an intradermal melanocytic nevus. Rare mitotic figures, including atypical mitotic figures, were identified in both cases. We present two cases of PEM, with histologic evidence suggesting two origins: one from the follicular bulb and one from an intradermal nevus.
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Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Melanoma , Nevo Intradérmico , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Idoso , Animais , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Folículo Piloso/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/metabolismo , Melanoma/patologia , Nevo Intradérmico/metabolismo , Nevo Intradérmico/patologia , Couro Cabeludo/metabolismo , Couro Cabeludo/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Comprehensive genomic profiling of clinical samples by next-generation sequencing (NGS) can identify one or more therapy targets for the treatment of metastatic melanoma (MM) with a single diagnostic test. METHODS: NGS was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation-based libraries using DNA extracted from 4 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections cut at 10 microns from 30 MM cases. The exons of 182 cancer-related genes were fully sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 at an average sequencing depth of 1098X and evaluated for genomic alterations (GAs) including point mutations, insertions, deletions, copy number alterations, and select gene fusions/rearrangements. Clinically relevant GAs (CRGAs) were defined as those identifying commercially available targeted therapeutics or therapies in registered clinical trials. RESULTS: The 30 American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IV MM included 17 (57%) male and 13 (43%) female patients with a mean age of 59.5 years (range 41-83 years). All MM samples had at least 1 GA, and an average of 2.7 GA/sample (range 1-7) was identified. The mean number of GA did not differ based on age or sex; however, on average, significantly more GAs were identified in amelanotic and poorly differentiated MM. GAs were most commonly identified in BRAF (12 cases, 40%), CDKN2A (6 cases, 20%), NF1 (8 cases, 26.7%), and NRAS (6 cases, 20%). CRGAs were identified in all patients, and represented 77% of the GA (64/83) detected. The median and mean CRGAs per tumor were 2 and 2.1, respectively (range 1-7). CONCLUSION: Comprehensive genomic profiling of MM, using a single diagnostic test, uncovers an unexpectedly high number of CRGA that would not be identified by standard of care testing. Moreover, NGS has the potential to influence therapy selection and can direct patients to enter relevant clinical trials evaluating promising targeted therapies.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Variação Genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Melanoma/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Biologia Computacional , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Desenho de Fármacos , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/secundário , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fenótipo , Medicina de Precisão , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
Pharmacologic inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has been used in the management of a variety of inflammatory conditions. Recently, reports on the development of sarcoid-like granulomatous disease at multiple systemic sites after treatment with TNF-α inhibitors have emerged, although, to the authors' knowledge, orbital manifestations of this problem have not been previously described. A 48-year-old woman who received injections of adalimumab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis developed right-sided orbital pain and inflammation. Orbital biopsy of a focal lesion demonstrated sarcoid-like granulomatosis, and a workup for other causes of this problem was noncontributory. This report represents the first documented case of this phenomenon in the orbit, and possible mechanisms are discussed in this presentation. Given the expanding role of TNF-α inhibitors and the increased frequency of their use, clinicians should be aware of this possible side effect.
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Adalimumab/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Granuloma/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Orbitárias/induzido quimicamente , Sarcoidose/induzido quimicamente , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Artrite Psoriásica/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Dor Ocular/etiologia , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Granuloma/diagnóstico , Granuloma/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Orbitárias/diagnóstico , Doenças Orbitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Sarcoidose/diagnóstico , Sarcoidose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The authors hypothesized that comprehensive genomic profiling of advanced-stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) could identify genomic-derived drug targets of therapy for patients with conventional therapy-resistant disease. METHODS: Comprehensive genomic profiling of 315 cancer genes was applied to 50 ng of DNA from 122 cSCC cases for the evaluation of all classes of genomic alterations (GAs). Clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs) were defined as those identifying anticancer drugs on the market or in registered clinical trials. RESULTS: There were 21 women (17%) and 101 men (83%) with a median age of 64.9 years (range, 21-87 years). Eleven cSCC cases (9%) were histologic AJCC grade 1, 69 (57%) were grade 2, and 42 (34%) were grade 3. The primary cSCC was used for sequencing in 77 cases (63%). Metastatic lesions were sequenced in 37% of cases. There were 1120 total GAs identified (average of 9.2 GAs per tumor), with 100% of cases harboring at least 1 alteration. Of the 122 cSCCs, 107 (88%) harbored at least 1 CRGA (2.5 CRGAs per cSCC) includingNOTCH1 (43%); patched 1 (PTCH1) (11%); BRCA2 (10%); HRAS (8%); ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) (7%); erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) (7%); neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) (7%); erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) (6%); phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) (6%); cyclin D1 (CCND1) (6%); epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (5%); and F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (FBXW7) (5%). CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, approximately 88% of patients with cSCC were found to harbor clinically relevant GAs that have the potential to guide the treatment of patients with advanced-stage tumors with targeted therapeutic agents. Cancer 2016;122:249-257. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genômica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To characterize the number of granulocytes needed to count on peripheral smear to identify diagnostic anaplasmosis morulae. METHODS: Retrospective case study where the peripheral smears of 14 confirmed cases of anaplasmosis were examined. The granulocytes were counted up to 100 and 200 until a morula was identified. The mean counts of three pathologists were calculated to determine the minimum number of granulocytes needed to count for identifying diagnostic morulae. RESULTS: Morulae were identified before a count of 100 granulocytes in 11 (78.6%) cases and between 100 and 200 granulocytes in 3 (21.4%) cases. All 14 (100%) cases had morulae identified before counting 200 granulocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral smears are a useful, cost-effective, and time-effective tool for diagnosing anaplasmosis. In positive cases, diagnostic morulae can be identified with a count of 200 granulocytes.