Fístulas posquirúrgicas de líquido cefalorraquídeo tras cirugía transesfenoidal de adenomas hipofisarios: análisis de una serie de 302 intervenciones / Postoperative CSF leakages after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas: Analysis of a series of 302 surgical procedures

Introducción: El tratamiento de elección para la mayor parte de los adenomas hipofisarios es su resección quirúrgica por vía transesfenoidal. Las fístulas posquirúrgicas de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) constituyen una de las complicaciones más características y potencialmente graves de este tratamiento. Su incidencia es variable para las principales series publicadas en la literatura, con un rango del 0,5 al 15%. Objetivos: El objetivo principal de nuestro trabajo fue establecer la incidencia de fístulas de LCR tras cirugía transesfenoidal en una muestra de 302 intervenciones realizadas en pacientes afectos de adenomas hipofisarios en el Hospital Universitario de la Ribera y por un mismo equipo quirúrgico. Como objetivos secundarios se plantearon: conocer las características diferenciales entre pacientes con y sin fístulas posquirúrgicas de LCR, detectar factores de riesgo para su desarrollo, valorar la relación entre la técnica de cierre de la silla turca y la aparición de fístulas posquirúrgicas de LCR y valorar las diferentes pautas de tratamiento de la complicación. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo basado en una revisión sistemática de 302 casos de adenomas hipofisarios intervenidos en nuestro centro a través de una vía de abordaje transesfenoidal entre los años 1999 y 2017. Resultados y conclusiones: La incidencia de fístulas posquirúrgicas de LCR en nuestra serie fue del 2,3% (concordante con la descrita en series amplias previamente publicadas). La aparición de una fístula intraoperatoria de LCR se correlacionó con dos variables del estudio: macroadenomas y tumores con extensión supraselar (p<0,005). Esta correlación no existió para fístulas posquirúrgicas. Sí fue posible establecer una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la aparición de fístulas intraoperatorias y posquirúrgicas de LCR (p<0,005). La baja incidencia de fístulas posquirúrgicas de LCR tras cirugía transesfenoidal de adenomas hipofisarios en nuestra casuística no permitió identificar factores de riesgo para su desarrollo

Introduction: Transsphenoidal surgical removal is the preferred treatment of most pituitary adenomas. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is the leading cause of morbidity after this procedure, with an incidence rate that varies from 0,5-15% in the main published series. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to establish the incidence of postoperative CSF leakage in a sample of surgeries performed at the University Hospital of La Ribera by the same surgical team. The secondary objectives were to: ascertain the distinctive features between patients with and without postoperative CSF leakage, identify risk factors for their development, evaluate the relationship between the surgical technique for closing the sella turcica and the onset of postoperative CSF leakage and evaluate different treatment regimens for this complication. Methods: The data of 302 consecutive transsphenoidal surgical procedures for pituitary adenoma removal which were performed between 1999 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Results and conclusions: The incidence of postoperative CSF leakage in our series was 2,3% (in accordance with similar published studies). It was possible to correlate intraoperative CSF leakage with two variables: pituitary macroadenoma and tumors with suprasellar extension (P<.005). This correlation did not exist for postoperative CSF leakage. We found a statistically significant correlation between intraoperative and postoperative CSF leakage (P<.005). Due to the low incidence of postoperative CSF leakage in our series, it was not possible to identify risk factors for its development

Postoperative CSF leakages after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas: Analysis of a series of 302 surgical procedures. / Fístulas posquirúrgicas de líquido cefalorraquídeo tras cirugía transesfenoidal de adenomas hipofisarios: análisis de una serie de 302 intervenciones.

INTRODUCTION: Transsphenoidal surgical removal is the preferred treatment of most pituitary adenomas. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is the leading cause of morbidity after this procedure, with an incidence rate that varies from 0,5-15% in the main published series. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to establish the incidence of postoperative CSF leakage in a sample of surgeries performed at the University Hospital of La Ribera by the same surgical team. The secondary objectives were to: ascertain the distinctive features between patients with and without postoperative CSF leakage, identify risk factors for their development, evaluate the relationship between the surgical technique for closing the sella turcica and the onset of postoperative CSF leakage and evaluate different treatment regimens for this complication. METHODS: The data of 302 consecutive transsphenoidal surgical procedures for pituitary adenoma removal which were performed between 1999 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of postoperative CSF leakage in our series was 2,3% (in accordance with similar published studies). It was possible to correlate intraoperative CSF leakage with two variables: pituitary macroadenoma and tumors with suprasellar extension (P<.005). This correlation did not exist for postoperative CSF leakage. We found a statistically significant correlation between intraoperative and postoperative CSF leakage (P<.005). Due to the low incidence of postoperative CSF leakage in our series, it was not possible to identify risk factors for its development.