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1.
J Sci Food Agric ; 99(13): 5910-5917, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31228265

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Colombia is known for its production of fine and aromatic cocoa; however, the lack of homogeneity in the ripeness stage of cocoa fruit affects the final quality of cocoa beans. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify parameters that can be use as indicators of ripeness in cocoa fruit in order to homogenize the characteristics of raw cocoa used in the production of cocoa-products industry. The parameters evaluated were fruit, seed and pod weight, firmness, color, polar and equatorial diameters of the fruit, seed moisture content, total titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids of pulp. RESULTS: Factors such as seed weight, firmness, diameters, total soluble solids, pH, and acidity were affected by the clone factor, whereas seed weight, pH, and total titratable acidity were affected by ripeness stage. CONCLUSION: Identification of indicators of ripeness for cocoa fruit is a complex task due to the influence of the clone on the evolution of the physicochemical characteristics of cocoa fruit during its maturation process. Thus, indicators must be developed for each clone, and at least two parameters among color, pH, and total titratable acidity should be used to determine the ripeness stage of cocoa fruit. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.


Assuntos
Cacau/química , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácidos/análise , Cacau/classificação , Cacau/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Chocolate , Colômbia , Cor , Frutas/química , Frutas/classificação , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Sementes/química , Sementes/classificação
2.
J Agric Food Chem ; 61(31): 7522-8, 2013 Aug 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23862566

RESUMO

l-Citrulline is an excellent candidate to reduce muscle soreness, and watermelon is a fruit rich in this amino acid. This study investigated the potential of watermelon juice as a functional drink for athletes. An in vitro study of intestinal absorption of l-citrulline in Caco-2 cells was performed using unpasteurized (NW), pasteurized (80 °C for 40 s) watermelon juice (PW) and, as control, a standard of l-citrulline. l-citrulline bioavailability was greater when it was contained in a matrix of watermelon and when no heat treatment was applied. In the in vivo experiment (maximum effort test in a cycloergometer), seven athletes were supplied with 500 mL of natural watermelon juice (1.17 g of l-citrulline), enriched watermelon juice (4.83 g of l-citrulline plus 1.17 g from watermelon), and placebo. Both watermelon juices helped to reduce the recovery heart rate and muscle soreness after 24 h.


Assuntos
Bebidas/análise , Citrullus/metabolismo , Alimento Funcional/análise , Músculos/fisiologia , Atletas , Disponibilidade Biológica , Células CACO-2 , Citrulina/análise , Citrulina/metabolismo , Citrullus/química , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
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