RESUMO
Chronic cough is a common medical problem. The aim of the study was to analyze chronic cough causes in non-smoking patients and to search for demographic factors associated with different cough reasons. The etiology of cough was determined by medical history, diagnostic tests and response to specific treatment. Patients with significant abnormalities in the chest radiograph or spirometry were not included. The study included 131 non-smoking patients; median age 54 years, 77 % female. The most frequent causes of cough were gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (62 %) and upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) (46 %). Cough variant asthma and non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB) were diagnosed in 32 (25 %) and 19 (15 %) patients, respectively. Other cough causes were found in 27 patients (21 %). Asthma was a significantly more common cause of chronic cough in women than in men (31 % vs. 3 %, p = 0.005). A reverse relationship was demonstrated for UACS (39 % vs. 67 %, p = 0.01). Patients with chronic cough aged >50 yrs were more likely to be diagnosed with less common cough causes. In conclusion, the most common chronic cough reasons are GERD and UACS. Asthma-related cough is diagnosed more frequently in females, while UACS-related cough is more frequent in males.
Assuntos
Tosse/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Asma/complicações , Bronquite Crônica/complicações , Doença Crônica , Tosse/diagnóstico , Tosse/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia Torácica , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar , Espirometria , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Indústria Farmacêutica , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Laríngeas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Profissionais/induzido quimicamente , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/diagnóstico , Polônia , Testes CutâneosAssuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/imunologia , Neoplasias Laríngeas/imunologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Hipergamaglobulinemia/etiologia , Imunoglobulina A , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina M , Técnicas In Vitro , Linfopenia/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
Substance P caused marked analgesic activity in rats after intraventricular administration and in mice after intraperitoneal injection. The hexapeptide pGlu6(SP6-11) was active in mice, but not in rats. Depletion of serotonin with p-chlorophenylalanine abolished the antinociceptive activity in mice, but not in rats, whereas lesion of raphe nuclei blocked the activity of substance P in the latter animals. Although different routes of administration were used, the results seem to indicate different mechanisms of analgesic activity of both peptides in rats and mice, as well as the different role of serotonergic transmission in pain control mechanisms in both species.
Assuntos
Analgésicos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Serotonina/metabolismo , Substância P/análogos & derivados , Substância P/farmacologia , Animais , Fenclonina/farmacologia , Injeções Intraventriculares , Masculino , Camundongos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Ácido Pirrolidonocarboxílico/análogos & derivados , Núcleos da Rafe/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Substância P/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Analgesic activity of pethidine and pentazocine in the locus coeruleus lesioned rats was evaluated. Bilateral destruction of locus coeruleus resulted in a marked decrease in noradrenaline content in forebrain but did not change significantly the levels of dopamine. Lesioned animals showed a marked decrease of predrug pain threshold. However, pethidine increased more effectively the nociceptive threshold in lesioned rats. The effect observed after pentazocine was generally similar but the maximal increase in pain threshold in lesioned animals did not differ significantly from the values observed in sham lesioned rats. The action of both analgesics was markedly prolonged after the lesion of the locus coeruleus.
Assuntos
Analgésicos , Locus Cerúleo/fisiologia , Meperidina/farmacologia , Pentazocina/farmacologia , Animais , Química Encefálica , Dopamina/análise , Masculino , Norepinefrina/análise , Dor/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Sódio/análise , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The object of our study was the investigation of the effects of aggressiveness on brain 5-HT concentration in ants genus Formica. The brain concentrations of 5-HT in ants is relatively high. The results indicate that both isolation, interspecies aggressiveness and intraspecies aggressiveness were accompanied by the increased brain serotonin.
Assuntos
Agressão , Formigas/fisiologia , Serotonina/fisiologia , Animais , Química Encefálica , Humanos , Serotonina/análise , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The effects of dopamine (DA), 1-DOPA, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and haloperidol on aggressive behavior and spontaneous bioelectrical activity of the ant (Formica rufa) were studied. Drugs such as DA, 1-DOPA and DDTC increased mutual aggressivity in ants while it failed to change aggression directed towards other species of insects (e.g., the beetle Geotrupes sp.). The amplitude of EEG waves and the amplitude of neuronal discharges within the protocerebrum decreased after administration of both DA and 1-DOPA. Both DDTC and 1-DOPA increased the concentration of adrenaline as well as DA in the brain of ants. Haloperidol decreased intrageneric aggressivity but caused no evident changes in both EEG pattern and neuronal discharges. The present study indicates that catecholamines are critically involved in the organization of aggressive behavior in ants.
