RESUMO
There has been much interest in the use of cell culture models of neurones, to avoid the animal welfare and cost issues of using primary and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurones respectively. The human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, is extensively used in laboratories as they can be readily expanded, are of low cost and can be differentiated into neuronal-like cells. However, much debate remains as to their phenotype once differentiated, and their ability to recapitulate the physiology of bona fide neurones. Here, we characterise a differentiation protocol using retinoic acid and BDNF, which results in extensive neurite outgrowth/branching within 10 days, and expression of key neuronal and synaptic markers. We propose that these differentiated SH-SY5Y cells may be a useful substitute for primary or hiPSC-derived neurones for cell biology studies, in order to reduce costs and animal usage. We further propose that this characterised differentiation timecourse could be used as an in vitro model for neuronal differentiation, for proof-of principle studies on neurogenesis, e.g. relating to neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we demonstrate profound changes in Tau phosphorylation during differentiation of these cells, suggesting that they should not be used for neurodegeneration studies in their undifferentiated state.
RESUMO
The hormones estrogen and progesterone alter physiological functions, including the estrus cycle and relevant neurological and synaptic activity. Here, we determined the extent to which estrus cycle stage interacts with an inflammatory stimulus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to alter synaptic mitochondrial respiration in female rats. LPS elevated synaptic mitochondrial respiration of rats in estrus, but not diestrus. Likewise, estrogen concentration correlated with multiple respiratory metrics in LPS treated females in estrus. These data suggest estrogen likely modulates synaptic mitochondrial respiration in a high progesterone environment.
