[Perioperative morbidity of radical prostatectomy in patients over 70 years of age]. / Morbilidad perioperatoria de la prostatectomía radical en pacientes mayores de 70 años.

INTRODUCTION: Increased life expectancy has made possible radical treatment of localized prostate cancer in patients over 70 years of age. Perioperative morbidity of radical prostatectomy in elderly patients depending on surgical procedure has not been adequately analyzed. OBJECTIVES: To comparatively analyze the incidence, severity, and management of perioperative complications of retropubic versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in patients older than 70 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review was made of 68 patients over 70 years of age (of whom 42 underwent retropubic and 26 laparoscopic radical prostatectomy) taken from a series of 500 patients. The modified Clavien classification was used to study complications from both surgical procedures. RESULTS: The overall complication rate was 59.5% for the retropubic and 23% for the laparoscopic procedure (P=.003). Three grade I, 2 grade Id, 19 grade II, and 1 grade IId complications were seen with retropubic surgery, as compared to 2 grade I and 5 grade Id complications with the laparoscopic procedure. The most common complications included intraoperative bleeding (38%) and urinaryi fistula (15%) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Radical prostatectomy is a procedure that is not free from complications in patients older than 70 years, though these are usually mild. The advantages usually attributed to laparoscopy also apply to elderly patients, and should therefore be considered as the procedure of choice.

[Urology care demand analysis in a specialty centre with a high percentage of immigrant patients]. / Análisis de la demanda de asistencia urológica en un centro de especialidades con una tasa elevada de inmigración.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe patients referred for urological examination by their primary health care centres according to ethnicity and the disorders in question. The area selected for this study is the Raval Sur neighborhood in the city of Barcelona which has a high immigrant population. This will enable us to understand the health needs of an emerging population which is gaining considerable importance in many Spanish cities, at least where the specialty of urology is concerned. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective study of all patients who visited the urology division at Barcelona's Raval Sur Specialty Centre during 2007. The chosen population consisted of all patients visiting the urology division for the first time. RESULTS: We studied 247 patients, of whom 124 were Spanish, 75 South Asian, 27 Americans, 11 Africans and 10 from other countries. The average age was higher in Spanish patients: 57.86 +/- 17.85 years compared with 37.54 +/- 11.07 years for other nationalities. Both groups were predominantly male. Statistical differences for prostate symptoms were observed between patient groups:, these symptoms were present in 32.4% of Spanish patients, 7.95% of South Asians,17.2% of Americans and 9.1% of Africans. Significant differences were also seen in the PSA increase, affecting 15.2% of Spaniards, with no cases in other groups. Sexual functional pathology was only a motive for examination in the South Asian group, with 56.8% of patients. Phymosis and vasectomy surgery were the reasons for consultation in 9.8% of Spaniards, 2.7% of South Asians, 25% of Americans and were not required by any patient of African origin. Lower back pain was also observed in 0.7% of Spaniards, 1.35% of South Asians and 18.2% of Africans, but in none of the American patients. Gross haematuria was present in 5.1% of Spaniards, 3.4% of Americans, 18.2% of Africans and in no South Asian patients. CONCLUSIONS: The most common reason for consultation in the Spanish patient group was prostatic hypertrophy, American patients requested phymosis surgery or surgical sterilization, and South Asians visited for different sexual pathologies, which affected 56.8% of patients in this group. There were no significant differences in the number ofadditional examinations or in in the number of visits required for diagnosis between the different ethnic groups. One problem that we noted was the missed appointment rate for some patients, which is twice as high in the immigrant group as among Spanish patients and highest in the African and South Asian groups.

Morbilidad perioperatoria de la prostatectomía radical en pacientes mayores de 70 años / Perioperative morbidity of radical prostatectomy in patients over 70 years of age

Introducción: Debido al incremento en la esperanza de vida, es posible el tratamiento radical del cáncer de próstata en pacientes mayores de 70 años. Se ha analizado poco la morbilidad perioperatoria de la prostatectomía radical en pacientes de edad avanzada en función de la técnica quirúrgica. Objetivos: Analizar la incidencia, la severidad y el manejo de las complicaciones perioperatorias de la prostatectomía radical en mayores de 70 años en función de la técnica quirúrgica, retropúbica o laparoscópica. Material y métodos: De una serie de 500 pacientes se revisa, retrospectivamente, a 68 mayores de 70 años (42 retropúbica frente a 26 laparoscópica). Empleamos la clasificación de Clavien modificada para estudiar las complicaciones de ambas técnicas quirúrgicas. Resultados: La tasa de complicaciones globales en la retropúbica fue del 59,5% y en la laparoscópica de 23% (p = 0,003). En la retropúbica se observaron 3 complicaciones de grado I, 2de grado Id, 19 de grado II y 1 de grado II d, mientras que en la laparoscópica se observaron2 de grado I y 5 de grado Id. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron el sangrado intraoperatorio (38%) y la fuga urinaria (15%), respectivamente. Conclusiones: La prostatectomía radical es una técnica no exenta de complicaciones, casi siempre leves, en pacientes mayores de 70 años. Las ventajas generalmente atribuidas a la laparoscopia se mantienen en los pacientes de edad avanzada, por lo que la consideramos la técnica de elección (AU)

Introduction: Increased life expectancy has made possible radical treatment of localized prostate cancer in patients over 70 years of age. Perioperative morbidity of radical prostatectomy in elderly patients depending on surgical procedure has not been adequately analyzed. Objectives: To comparatively analyze the incidence, severity, and management of perioperative complications of retropubic versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy inpatients older than 70 years. Material and methods: A retrospective review was made of 68 patients over 70 years of age (of whom 42 underwent retropubic and 26 laparoscopic radical prostatectomy) taken from a series of 500 patients. The modified Clavien classification was used to study complications from both surgical procedures. Results: The overall complication rate was 59.5% for the retropubic and 23% for the laparoscopic procedure (P=0.003). Three grade I, 2 grade Id, 19 grade II, and 1 grade IId complications were seen with retropubic surgery, as compared to 2 grade I and 5 grade Id complications with the laparoscopic procedure. The most common complications included intraoperative bleeding (38%) and urinary fistula (15%) respectively. Conclusions: Radical prostatectomy is a procedure that is not free from complications in patients older than 70 years, though these are usually mild. The advantages usually attributed to laparoscopy also apply to elderly patients, and should therefore be considered as the procedure of choice (AU)

Análisis de la demanda de asistencia urológica en un centro de especialidades con una tasa elevada de inmigración / Urology care demand analysis in a specialty centre with a high percentage of immigrant patients

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es describir los tipos de pacientes y patologías por los que son remitidos a la consulta de urología desde las áreas de atención primaria. El área seleccionada para este trabajo es el barrio del Raval Sur, situado en una zona de la ciudad de Barcelona donde se concentra una gran cantidad de inmigrantes. Ello nos permitirá conocer las necesidades sanitarias de este grupo de población emergente que empieza a cobrar una gran importancia en numerosas ciudades españolas, por lo menos en lo referente a la especialidad de urología. Pacientes y métodos: Se estudió, de forma prospectiva, a todos los pacientes que fueron visitados en la consulta de urología del centro de especialidades del Raval Sur de Barcelona durante el año 2007. La población elegida fue toda la que acudió por primera vez a la consulta de urología en dicho período. Resultados: Se estudió a 247 pacientes, de los cuales 124 eran españoles, 75 indostaníes, 27 americanos, 11 africanos y 10 del resto de países. La edad media ± desviación estándar fue superior en los pacientes españoles, con 57,86 ± 17,85 años, frente a los 37,54 ± 11,07 años en el resto de nacionalidades; en ambos grupos predominó el sexo masculino. Se observaron diferencias entre los distintos grupos de pacientes en la sintomatología prostática, que fue del 32,4% en los españoles, el 7,95% de los indostaníes, el 17,2% de los americanos y el 9,1% de los africanos. Igualmente, se observaron diferencias significativas en el aumento del antígeno prostático específico (PSA), con un 15,2% de los españoles, y ningún caso del resto de grupos. La patología funcional de la esfera sexual sólo fue motivo de consulta en el grupo de los pacientes indostaníes, con un 56,8%. La fimosis-vasectomía fue el motivo de consulta en el 9,8% de los españoles, el 2,7% de los indostaníes y el 25% de los americanos, y no fue requerida por ningún paciente de origen africano. En el caso del dolor lumbar, también se observaron diferencias, con un 0,7% de los españoles, un 1,35% de los indostaníes y un 18,2% de los africanos, y no fue la razón de la consulta en ningún paciente americano. La hematuria macroscópica se presentó en el 5,1% de los españoles, el 3,4% de los americanos, el 18,2% de los africanos y en ningún indostaní. Conclusiones: El motivo de consulta más frecuente en el grupo de pacientes españoles fue la sintomatología debida a la hipertrofia prostática; en el grupo de pacientes americanos, la demanda de intervención por fimosis o la esterilización quirúrgica, y los pacientes indostaníes consultan preferentemente por patología múltiple de la esfera sexual, que alcanza el 56,8% en los pacientes de este grupo. No hay grandes diferencias en cuanto al número de exploraciones complementarias o al número de visitas que se necesitaron para el diagnóstico entre las distintas nacionalidades. Uno de los problemas que más se observa es la falta de asistencia a las citas en algunos pacientes, que es el doble en el grupo de pacientes extranjeros frente a los españoles y superior en el grupo de los africanos e indostaníes (AU)

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe patients referred for urological examination by their primary health care centres according to ethnicity and the disorders in question. The area selected for this study is the Raval Sur neighborhood in the city of Barcelona which has a high immigrant population. This will enable us to understand the health needs of an emerging population which is gaining considerable importance in many Spanish cities, at least where the specialty of urology is concerned. Patients and methods: Prospective study of all patients who visited the urology division at Barcelona’s Raval Sur Specialty Centre during 2007. The chosen population consisted of all patients visiting the urology division for the first time. Results: We studied 247 patients, of whom 124 were Spanish, 75 South Asian, 27 Americans, 11 Africans and 10 from other countries. The average age was higher in Spanish patients: 57.86 ± 17.85 years compared with 37.54 ± 11.07 years for other nationalities. Both groups were predominantly male. Statistical differences for prostate symptoms were observed between patient groups:, these symptoms were present in 32.4% of Spanish patients, 7.95%of South Asians,17.2% of Americans and 9.1% of Africans. Significant differences were also seen in the PSA increase, affecting 15.2% of Spaniards, with no cases in other groups. Sexual functional pathology was only a motive for examination in the South Asian group, with 56.8% of patients. Phymosis and vasectomy surgery were the reasons for consultation in 9.8% of Spaniards, 2.7% of South Asians, 25% of Americans and were not required by any patient of African origin. Lower back pain was also observed in 0.7% of Spaniards, 1.35% of South Asians and 18.2% of Africans, but in none of the American patients. Gross haematuria was present in 5.1% of Spaniards, 3.4% of Americans, 18.2% of Africans and in no South Asian patients. Conclusions: The most common reason for consultation in the Spanish patient group was prostatic hypertrophy, American patients requested phymosis surgery or surgical sterilization, and South Asians visited for different sexual pathologies, which affected 56.8% of patients in this group. There were no significant differences in the number of additional examinations or in the number of visits required for diagnosis between the different ethnic groups. One problem that we noted was the missed appointment rate for some patients, which is twice as high in the immigrant group as among Spanish patients and highest in the African and South Asian groups (AU)

Accidental introduction of a contraceptive vaginal ring into the urinary bladder.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: A case of inadvertent self-introduction into the urethra of a folded contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing) in a 22-year-old woman is reported. METHODS: The patient presented with lower urinary tract symptoms, including dysuria, urgency, and terminal hematuria, that appeared a few minutes after insertion of the device. RESULTS: The diagnosis was made by abdominal echography. The abdominal pelvic computed tomography scan confirmed the intravesical presence of the unfolded ring. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal contraceptive rings should be added to the list of potential intravesical foreign bodies causing lower urinary tract symptoms.