The Effect of Virtual Reality Application on Pain During Wound Care Dressing Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of virtual reality application on pain during a wound care dressing change. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and YÖKTEZ REVIEW/ANALYSIS METHODS: The last screening of all databases was performed on 20.07.2022. Parallel-group RCTs suitable for the research subject were included in the study. The "Cochrane risk-of-bias tool" was used to measure the risk of bias. A heterogeneity test was done with the I2 value and the p value for the Q statistics. Five methods were employed to assess publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was performed for studies with a high risk of bias. RESULTS: As a result of the screening, 13 RCTs involving 882 wound care patients were included in the study. It was determined that the virtual reality application reduced pain moderately during a wound care dressing change (SMD= -0.60; 95% CI= -0.73 and -0.46; p < .001). The fixed effect model was used because the value of heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.796) was low in the analysis. No significant results were obtained in the moderator analysis. CONCLUSION: It was found that the virtual reality application moderately reduced pain during a wound dressing change and was a reliable application. However, it was suggested that the virtual reality application alone was insufficient to reduce pain during wound care and should be applied together with analgesic or anesthetic drugs included in the standard wound care procedure.

Determining the Use of Nonpharmacologic Methods by Surgical Nurses for Postoperative Pain Management and the Influencing Professional Factors: A Multicenter Study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the use of nonpharmacologic methods by surgical nurses for postoperative pain management and to identify the influencing professional factors. DESIGN: A regional survey model. METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 443 surgical nurses working in regions of Turkey. The data were collected using a personal information form and questionnaire. FINDINGS: Hot-cold application (53.3%), exercise (50.8%), positioning (68.8%), movement restriction (35.7%), resting (55.5%), and distraction (42.2%) were among the methods usually used by nurses. The nurses who were working in the Black Sea region chose the nursing profession willingly, received the training on pain management, and used nonpharmacologic methods at higher rates (P < .030, P < .004, P < .033, and P < .000, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Gender, geographic region of work, choosing the profession willingly, and receiving training on pain management affected the nurses' rate of using nonpharmacologic methods.