[Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution and Its Health Risk of Atmospheric Dust Fall from East Part of Junggar Basin in Xinjiang].

In order to evaluate the contamination and health risk of heavy metals from atmospheric dust fall in Zhundong opencast coalfield in Xinjiang, samples of atmospheric dust fall were collected from 52 sampling sites covering the entire region and the contents of Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg and As were tested and analyzed. The contamination was assessed by geo-accumulation index method, and the risk to human health was assessed using the US EPA Health Risk Assessment Model. The results showed that:The contamination of heavy metals from atmospheric dust fall had a significant difference, in the order of Zn > Cr > Cu > As > Pb > Hg, and the average contents were higher than the soil background of Changji. The coefficient of variation of Hg, Cu and As was 381.91%, 99.94% and 97.82%, and human activities had a greater impact on them. The correlation coefficients in 6 heavy metals were complex, the correlation coefficients among Zn-Cu-Cr were more relevant than Hg-As-Pb. The assessment results of geo-accumulation index indicated that the Zn pollution in the atmospheric dust fall should be classified as extreme degree, and that of Cu, Pb, As as between slight and extreme degrees, and Hg as practically uncontaminated. The exposure content of carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of the study area had little difference. It was HQCr > HQAs > HQZn > HQPb > HQCu > HQHg, the total non-cancer hazard index was 0.258, the non-cancer hazard indexes were both lower than their threshold values, suggesting that they would not harm the health. The carcinogenic risk hazard indexes were in the order of CRAs > CRCr > CRPb, suggesting that Pb had no cancer risk, while As was the most important carcinogenic factor. The average TCR was 1.95E-05, indicating that the risk was within the limit that human can tolerate.

[Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risk in Soil Around the Coal Industrial Area of East Junggar Basin].

The soil around the coal industrial area of East Junggar Basin in Xinjiang was studied. A total of 64 soil samples were collected from the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm layers of soil profile, and the contents of Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg and As were tested, respectively. Pollution Load Index(PLI) was employed to assess the heavy metal contents and the model of health risk assessment recommended by USEPA was adopted to evaluate the health risk due to exposure to heavy metals in different soil depths. The multivariate statistical analysis, geostatistical analysis and GIS technology then were used to study the differences, spatial variability structure and distribution pattern of the evaluated results, and cross-validation method was adopted to assess the prediction results and its stability. The results suggested that the ranges of Zn, Cu, Pb contents were 46.06-48.00 mg·kg-1, 18.37-19.271 mg·kg-1 and 11.30-13.29 mg·kg-1, which did not exceed the standard compared with the background values of soil in Xinjiang. The ranges of Cr, Hg, As contents were 80.29-85.42 mg·kg-1,0.06-0.07 mg·kg-1,30.64-31.52 mg·kg-1, all of which exceeded the standard compared with the background values of soil in Xinjiang, and the exceeded rate was 60%. The values of PLI were in the order of PLI0-10 cm(1.35) > PLI20-30 cm(1.28) > PLI10-20 cm(1.25), which belonged to slightly polluted level. The values of HI were in the order of HI0-10 cm(2.53E-01) > HI20-30 cm(2.48E-01) > HI10-20 cm(2.43E-01), which indicated there was no non-carcinogenic risk. The values of TCR were in the order of TCR0-10 cm(2.81E-05) > TCR20-30 cm(2.80E-05) > TCR10-20 cm(2.74E-05), which was the acceptable level of carcinogenic risk. According to One -way ANOVA analyses, there was no noticeable difference in the PLI, HI, TCR (α is 0.863, 0.134, 0.056 respectively). Geo-statistical Analysis results implied that the regions with high contents of Zn, Cu and As were distributed near the coal industrial area and Northern part of study area in the 0-10 cm soil layer, Pb formed V-shaped high content ribbon, high content of Hg was located in the middle and Southern area, and high content of Cr was located in Coal Industrial Area and the anterior radial decline. High values of PLI, HI and TCR were found in north of the study area. The moderate pollution region of PLI decreased with the increase of soil depth, whereas HI and TCR showed no significant change. On the whole, high degree of heavy metals pollution and high possibility of health risk were mainly distributed around the six coal industrial areas which are in the high density population zone. Especially, the pollution of Cr, Hg, As was relatively serious and the health risk of As was the most serious which should be attached great importance to.

[Application study of the thermal infrared emissivity spectra in the estimation of salt content of saline soil].

Studying of soil salinization is of great significance for agricultural production in arid area oasis, thermal infrared remote sensing technology provides a new technology and method in this field. Authors used Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to measure the oasis saline soil in field, employed iterative spectrally smooth temperature/emissivity separation algorithm (ISSTES) to separate temperature and emissivity, and acquired the thermal infrared emissivity data of the saline soil. Through researching the emissivity spectral feature of saline soil, and concluded that soil emissivity will reduce with the increasing of salt content from 8 to 13 microm, so emissivity spectra is more sensitive to salt factor from 8 to 9.5 microm. Then, analyzed the correlation between original emissivity spectra and its first derivative, second derivative and normalized ratio with salt content, the result showed that they have a negative correlation relationship between soil emissivity and salt content, and the correlation between emissivity first derivative and salt content is highest, reach to 0.724 2, the corresponding bands are from 8.370 745-8.390 880 microm. Finally, established the quadratic function regression model, its determination coefficient is 0.741 4, and root mean square error is 0.235 5, the result explained that the approach of using thermal infrared emissivity to retrieve the salt content of saline soil is feasible.

[The design and implementation of the web typical surface object spectral information system in arid areas based on .NET and SuperMap].

The characteristic of object spectrum is not only the base of the quantification analysis of remote sensing, but also the main content of the basic research of remote sensing. The typical surface object spectral database in arid areas oasis is of great significance for applied research on remote sensing in soil salinization. In the present paper, the authors took the Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis as an example, unified .NET and the SuperMap platform with SQL Server database stored data, used the B/S pattern and the C# language to design and develop the typical surface object spectral information system, and established the typical surface object spectral database according to the characteristics of arid areas oasis. The system implemented the classified storage and the management of typical surface object spectral information and the related attribute data of the study areas; this system also implemented visualized two-way query between the maps and attribute data, the drawings of the surface object spectral response curves and the processing of the derivative spectral data and its drawings. In addition, the system initially possessed a simple spectral data mining and analysis capabilities, and this advantage provided an efficient, reliable and convenient data management and application platform for the Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis's follow-up study in soil salinization. Finally, It's easy to maintain, convinient for secondary development and practically operating in good condition.

[Strategic environmental assessment on land use programming of Shaya County, Xinjiang Uygur Automous Region].

With the establishment and implement of national and regional land use programming, to approach the technology and methodology of environmental assessment appropriate for the overall land use programming is of great significance. By using the theories of strategic environmental assessment and taking ecosystem services value as an evaluation index, a comprehensive assessment on the potential eco-environmental effects of 1996-2010 land use programming of Shaya County in Xinjiang Uygur Automous Region was made. The results showed that from 1996 to 2010, the total ecosystem services value of the County increased from 69.33 x 10(8) Yuan to 70.81 x 10(8) Yuan, with an annual increment of 0.15%, which suggested that this programming was basically reasonable. However, the common land expansion should be controlled strictly. The increase rate of eco-value was higher than that of GDP, indicating that Shaya County was of eco-value gaining. There were still some shortages in the programming; e.g., the area ratio of unutilized land (desert) would be 83.95% in 2010, and thus, the programming should be emended to increase the eco-benefit of land use.