Turkish translation and transcultural validity and reliability of an assessment tool for spasticity: Leg Activity Measure (Leg A).

BACKGROUND: The Leg Activity Measure is the only self-report measure that has been published to date that takes into account both the influence on quality of life and passive and active function in the literature. AIMS: The purpose is to examine the translation, cross-cultural adaptation validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Leg Activity Measure (Tr-LegA). METHODS: Neurological patients (n = 52) with lower limb spasticity (aged 47.09 ± 14.74 years) were enrolled. The study consisted of two stages. At the first stage, the scale was translated into Turkish and culturally adapted. Validity and reliability analyses were conducted at the second stage. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were used for convergent validity. The reproducibility (test-retest reliability) was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Furthermore, the standard error of measurement (SEM) was calculated. RESULTS: EFA suggested one factor for the Passive Function and two factors for the Active Function and Impact on Quality of Life Scales (QoL). Tr-LegA Passive and Active Function Scales were correlated with the total RMI, NHP, and FIM (p < 0.05). Tr-LegA Impact on Quality of Life Scale was correlated with the RMI and NHP (p < 0.05). Tr-LegA Passive Function Scale (ICC = 0.997), Tr-LegA Active Function Scale (ICC = 0.996), and Tr-LegA Impact on Quality of Life Scale (ICC = 0.976) had good reliability. Only Passive Function Scale had a significant floor effect (25%). CONCLUSIONS: Tr-LegA is a valid and reliable multidimensional scale for passive and active function and quality of life in patients with lower limb spasticity. THE CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT05182411.

Assessing walking adaptability in children with cerebral palsy: validity and reliability of the walking adaptability ladder test for kids.

INTRODUCTION: Assessing gait adaptation in children with cerebral palsy (CP) requires cost-effective and easily applicable methods. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Walking Adaptability Ladder Test for Kids (WAL-K) in assessing gait adaptation in children with CP. METHODS: Sixty-six participants (40 children with CP and 26 controls), aged 6-18 years, underwent WAL-K testing under single- and double-run conditions with video recording. Test-retest reliability, interrater reliability, concurrent validity, and known-group validity were assessed. Concurrent validity was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), Four-Square Step Test (FSST), and Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test. RESULTS: Interrater intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,k) values were > 0.999 for the WAL-K single- and double-run tests. The test-retest reliability ICC3,k values were 0.988 for the WAL-K single-run, and 0.963, 0.962, and 0.963 for the WAL-K double-run (p < .05). WAL-K double-run showed a strong correlation with FSST (r = 0.791), while WAL-K single-run correlated weakly with TUGT (r = 0.394) (p < .01). Moderate correlations were observed between other tests (p < .01). Children with CP had higher scores in all WAL-K tests compared to controls (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The WAL-K test demonstrated validity and reliability, making it suitable for clinical use without requiring specialized laboratory settings. It enables repeated assessments of gait adaptation in children with CP.

The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the 12-item Örebro musculoskeletal screening questionnaire (ÖMSQ-12-TR).

PURPOSE: The 12-item Örebro Musculoskeletal Screening Questionnaire (ÖMSQ-12) is a multidimensional questionnaire assessing general musculoskeletal problems. This study aimed to investigate its construct validity and reliability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed for construct validity. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) and the SF-12 and Pain Numerical Rating Scale (P-NRS) were used for convergent validity. Reliability (ICC), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), reproducibility, and known-group validity were assessed. The cut-off value was measured. RESULTS: A total of n = 378 individuals (aged 35.7 ± 12.4 years, female = 73.3%) with a musculoskeletal problem participated in the study. P-NRS score of the individuals was 5. Results showed that a 3-factor model did fit well under CFA (χ2/df = 2.76 ≤ 3). The questionnaire had good reliability (ICC = 0.865) and internal consistency (α = 0.810). There were no floor or ceiling effects (<%15). Total ÖMSQ-12-TR scores had a correlation with the TSK, SF-12 and P-NRS (r = 0.303-0.609). The AUC for the risk of absenteeism from work was obtained as 0.738 (p < 0.001). The risk of absenteeism was high in individuals with an ÖMSQ-12-TR score of ≥57.5. CONCLUSIONS: The ÖMSQ-12-TR is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used in determining the risk of absenteeism in musculoskeletal disorders and is convenient for online use. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT04723615.

A Comparative study on the assessment of dual task performance in rheumatic diseases.

BACKGROUND: In task-oriented studies showed that the chronic pain is effective on dual tasks. Chronic pain is the main health problem that prevents mobility restriction and participation in most rheumatic diseases. RESEARCH QUESTION: Do rheumatic diseases have an effect on dual task gait performance? METHODS: This comparative-descriptive study included 75 individuals who aged 18-65 years and divided in two groups as Rheumatic Disease Group (RG; 23 women, 14 men) and Control Group (CG; 20 women, 18 men). The individuals have a chronic pain (> 3.4 cm according to Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) and Standardized Mini Mental State Examination score above 24 were included in this study as the RG. The individuals who were did not have any known disease were included in the CG. The health status of RG was evaluated with the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 (AIMS-2). The 10-meter Walk Test was applied under single and dual task conditions (dual task cognitive, DTcognitive; dual task motor, DTmotor) for assessing gait performance. RESULTS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The mean age of the individuals in the study was 40.6 ±â€¯11.34 years (RG=43.08 ±â€¯11.30; CG=38.18 ±â€¯11.00). There was a significant difference in favor of CG between the groups both in terms of gait speed in DTcognitive and its cost (p < 0.05). VAS scores correlate with single and DTcognitive and DTmotor gait parameters (p < 0.05). Many subdivisions of AIMS-2 were associated with single, DTcognitive and DTmotor gait parameters (p < 0.05). This study concluded that rheumatic diseases may reduce gait performance in concurrent motor-cognitive dual task conditions due to chronic pain. Single and dual task gait parameters may be related with psychosocial factors. Therefore, applications including pain control and biopsychosocial approach may be beneficial in the management gait disturbances and falls due to a rheumatic disease.

Effects of individual progressive single- and dual-task training on gait and cognition among older healthy adults: a randomized-controlled comparison study.

PURPOSE: Dual-task training has beneficial effects on older individuals for gait and cognition. This study was aimed to make a comparison between the effects of individual progressive single- and dual-task training on gait and cognition among healthy older individuals. METHODS: A total of 32 participants were divided randomly into two groups as the single-task group (n = 16, 64.6 ± 3.3 years, 7 males and 9 females) and dual-task group (n = 16, 65.6 ± 2.6 years, 8 males and 8 females). The 10-m walk test with the LEGSys device was used to assess spatio-temporal gait parameters. The cognitive parameters were evaluated using the Standardized Mini-Mental State Exam and Stroop Test. An individual progressive 60 min single- and dual-task training programs were applied twice per week for a period of 6 weeks. RESULTS: There were significant differences for both gait and cognition variables in the dual-task training group (p < 0.05), according to the comparison of pre- and post-treatment results. In the single-task training group, there were significant differences only in gait parameters with single-task conditions (p < 0.05). The comparisons of the delta values between the groups indicated that the dual-task training group was better compared to the single-task training group in gait speed, cadence, and many cognitive variables (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Individual progressive dual-task training is an effective and useful method that improves gait performance and cognitive skills among older individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE: NCT03777111, 12/13/2018.