Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Nelore Angus and Nelore Angus Guzera crossbreed cows fed with supplemented pasture during the yearling and feedlot stages / Desempenho e Características de carcaça de bovinos mestiços suplementados em pasto e terminados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of two crossbreed genetic groups, ½ Nelore ½ Angus and » Nelore » Angus ½ Guzera, which originate from the rotational crosses of Nellore cows with Angus bulls and ½ Nellore ½ Angus cows with Guzera bulls, respectively. The growth performance was evaluated at the end of the yearling and feedlot stages, and carcass characteristics were evaluated after the slaughter. A completely randomized trial design was used, with 12 cows in each group. The yearling stage lasted 270 days, and the cattle were fed with pasture of Brachiaria brizantha Marandu with 2.0 UA ha-1 and a forage allowance of 2.5 kg of dry matter (DM) per 100 kg of live weight (LW), during this stage the animals, with an average age of 365 ± 10 days, received protein and energy supplementation ad libitum. After the yearling stage, the cows were confined until they reached the age of 2224 months and received 6.0 kg DM of sugar cane + urea and 4.0 kg DM of concentrate, with 150 g kg-1 of crude protein (CP), daily during 90 days. The daily average weight gain (DAWG) during the yearling stage was higher for the ½ Nelore ½ Angus group. The » Nelore » Angus ½ Guzera group reached higher slaughter weight because they had higher DAWG during the feedlot stage (1.022 vs. 728 g dia-1). No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between the groups when the

Conduziu-se o experimento para avaliar o desempenho e as características da carcaça de dois grupos genéticos de bovinos mestiços, ½ Nelore ½ Angus e » Nelore » Angus ½ Guzerá, provindo, respectivamente, de dois cruzamentos rotativos: vacas nelore acasaladas com touro angus e vacas ½ Nelore ½ Angus acasaladas com touro Guzerá. O desempenho foi avaliado em pasto na fase de sobreano e no confinamento e as características da carcaça avaliadas no abate. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso com 12 animais de cada grupo. Foi utilizado, no período de sobreano, 270 dias, pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu com 2,0 unidades animal ha-1, oferta de 2,5 kg de matéria seca (MS) por 100 kg de peso vivo (p.v.), nesse período os animais, de 365 ± 10 dias de idade média inicial, receberam suplementação proteica-energética ad libitum. Após o período de sobreano, os animais foram confinados em baias individuais com 21-22 meses de idade, nas quais foram fornecidos cana-de-açúcar + ureia, 6,0 kg de MS; e concentrado, 4,0 kg de MS, sendo 150 g kg-1 de proteína bruta (PB), diariamente, durante 90 dias. O ganho médio de peso diário (GMPD) na fase de sobreano foi maior no grupo bimestiço ½ Nelore ½ Angus. Os animais do grupo » Nelore » Angus ½ Guzerá obtiveram maior peso ao abate em razão do maior GMPD no confinamento (1.022 contra 728 g dia-1). Não houve diferença (P > 0,05

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Nelore Angus and Nelore Angus Guzera crossbreed cows fed with supplemented pasture during the yearling and feedlot stages / Desempenho e Características de carcaça de bovinos mestiços suplementados em pasto e terminados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of two crossbreed genetic groups, ½ Nelore ½ Angus and » Nelore » Angus ½ Guzera, which originate from the rotational crosses of Nellore cows with Angus bulls and ½ Nellore ½ Angus cows with Guzera bulls, respectively. The growth performance was evaluated at the end of the yearling and feedlot stages, and carcass characteristics were evaluated after the slaughter. A completely randomized trial design was used, with 12 cows in each group. The yearling stage lasted 270 days, and the cattle were fed with pasture of Brachiaria brizantha Marandu with 2.0 UA ha-1 and a forage allowance of 2.5 kg of dry matter (DM) per 100 kg of live weight (LW), during this stage the animals, with an average age of 365 ± 10 days, received protein and energy supplementation ad libitum. After the yearling stage, the cows were confined until they reached the age of 2224 months and received 6.0 kg DM of sugar cane + urea and 4.0 kg DM of concentrate, with 150 g kg-1 of crude protein (CP), daily during 90 days. The daily average weight gain (DAWG) during the yearling stage was higher for the ½ Nelore ½ Angus group. The » Nelore » Angus ½ Guzera group reached higher slaughter weight because they had higher DAWG during the feedlot stage (1.022 vs. 728 g dia-1). No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between the groups when the

Conduziu-se o experimento para avaliar o desempenho e as características da carcaça de dois grupos genéticos de bovinos mestiços, ½ Nelore ½ Angus e » Nelore » Angus ½ Guzerá, provindo, respectivamente, de dois cruzamentos rotativos: vacas nelore acasaladas com touro angus e vacas ½ Nelore ½ Angus acasaladas com touro Guzerá. O desempenho foi avaliado em pasto na fase de sobreano e no confinamento e as características da carcaça avaliadas no abate. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso com 12 animais de cada grupo. Foi utilizado, no período de sobreano, 270 dias, pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu com 2,0 unidades animal ha-1, oferta de 2,5 kg de matéria seca (MS) por 100 kg de peso vivo (p.v.), nesse período os animais, de 365 ± 10 dias de idade média inicial, receberam suplementação proteica-energética ad libitum. Após o período de sobreano, os animais foram confinados em baias individuais com 21-22 meses de idade, nas quais foram fornecidos cana-de-açúcar + ureia, 6,0 kg de MS; e concentrado, 4,0 kg de MS, sendo 150 g kg-1 de proteína bruta (PB), diariamente, durante 90 dias. O ganho médio de peso diário (GMPD) na fase de sobreano foi maior no grupo bimestiço ½ Nelore ½ Angus. Os animais do grupo » Nelore » Angus ½ Guzerá obtiveram maior peso ao abate em razão do maior GMPD no confinamento (1.022 contra 728 g dia-1). Não houve diferença (P > 0,05

Produção de matéria seca e valor nutritivo do feno do tifton 85 adubado com nitrogênio e colhido com 35 dias

This study aimed to evaluate the stages of production of Tifton 85 hay fertilized with five rates of nitrogen after each cutting in the form of urea in coverage. The dehydration of the first harvest took place for six days in a shed due to weather conditions and the dehydration of the second harvest occurred in the field during two days. The experimental design was a randomized block design with split plot, and the plots (5m x 3m) were the doses of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100kg ha-1 crop-1) and the subplots steps hay production (cutting, baling, and storage). The nitrogen increased the height and dry matter production per hectare, the crude protein (CP) and acid detergent insoluble protein (PIDA) and neutral (NDIP). The drying in a shed for six days was insufficient for the material to reach 850g kg-1 DM at the time of baling. Between the stages of cut and 30 days of storage, the hay dehydrated in shed increased levels of neutral detergent fiber, detergent fiber acid, the PIDA, NDIP and lignin and decreased in 18.9% the CP levels. Ocurred a decrease in in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM) in 32.72% between the step of cut and 30 days of storage for dry hay in the shed, while there was no significant change in IVDMD and CP for dry hay in two days in the field.

Objetivou-se avaliar as etapas de produção de feno de capim Tifton 85 adubado com cinco doses de nitrogênio após cada corte sob a forma de ureia em cobertura. A desidratação da primeira colheita ocorreu durante seis dias em galpão, em função das condições climáticas, e a desidratação da segunda colheita ocorreu a campo durante dois dias. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, sendo as parcelas (5m x 3m) as doses de nitrogênio (0; 25; 50; 75 e 100kg ha-1 colheita-1) e as subparcelas as etapas de produção de feno (corte, enfardamento e armazenamento). O nitrogênio aumentou a altura e produção de matéria seca por hectare, os teores de proteína bruta (PB) e de proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido (PIDA) e neutro (PIDN). A secagem em galpão durante seis dias foi insuficiente para que a forragem atingisse 850g kg-1 de MS no momento de enfardar. Entre a etapa de corte e 30 dias de armazenamento, o feno desidratado em galpão aumentou os teores de fibra em detergente neutro, de fibra em detergente de ácido, a PIDA, PIDN e a lignina e ocorreu um decréscimo de 18,9% nos teores de PB. Ocorreu redução da digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) em 32,72% entre a etapa de corte e 30 dias de armazenamento para o feno seco em galpão, enquanto que não houve alteração significativa na DIVMS e PB para o feno seco em dois dias a campo.

Honey bee visitation to sunflower: effects on pollination and plant genotype

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an allogamic plant, which needs insects on flowering, especially the honeybees for seed production. Collecting nectar and pollen by honeybees in agricultural crops is essential to apiculture, as well as a better understanding of plant biology. The foraging behavior of Africanized Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and its efficiency of pollination on seed yield of sunflower genotypes (open pollination and restricted pollination) were evaluated. There were peaks of visits by A. mellifera for nectar collection on the 2nd and 3rd flowering days between 7h00 and 8h30. The average density of A. mellifera during increased visitation ranged from 2.27 to 2.94 bees per capitulum. Nectar collecting bees were more frequent (2.28 bees per capitulum) than pollen collecting (0.40 bees per capitulum). On the 3rd flowering day, Helio 360 and Aguará hybrids had higher (p 0.05) number of bee visits per flower head than the other genotypes. Seed yield was 43 % higher (p 0.05) from sunflower plants that were visited by pollinator-insects compared with plants restricted to pollinators.

Honey bee visitation to sunflower: effects on pollination and plant genotype

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an allogamic plant, which needs insects on flowering, especially the honeybees for seed production. Collecting nectar and pollen by honeybees in agricultural crops is essential to apiculture, as well as a better understanding of plant biology. The foraging behavior of Africanized Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and its efficiency of pollination on seed yield of sunflower genotypes (open pollination and restricted pollination) were evaluated. There were peaks of visits by A. mellifera for nectar collection on the 2nd and 3rd flowering days between 7h00 and 8h30. The average density of A. mellifera during increased visitation ranged from 2.27 to 2.94 bees per capitulum. Nectar collecting bees were more frequent (2.28 bees per capitulum) than pollen collecting (0.40 bees per capitulum). On the 3rd flowering day, Helio 360 and Aguará hybrids had higher (p 0.05) number of bee visits per flower head than the other genotypes. Seed yield was 43 % higher (p 0.05) from sunflower plants that were visited by pollinator-insects compared with plants restricted to pollinators.