RESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a percepção de mães sobre o uso e aceitabilidade de sachês com múltiplos micronutrientes em pó (MNP) na alimentação complementar para prevenção de anemia na infância. Método Estudo qualitativo com treze grupos focais conduzidos com 79 mães de crianças de 9 a 12 meses de idade atendidas na atenção básica à saúde em quatro cidades brasileiras. Os grupos focais foram realizados três meses após o início do uso dos sachês. Resultados Orientação prévia por parte dos profissionais de saúde facilitou a compreensão das mães sobre a importância do uso dos micronutrientes em pó e o esclarecimento de dúvidas. Muitas mães compararam o uso de MNP ao sulfato ferroso em xarope identificado pelas mães como responsável por efeitos colaterais às crianças (diarreia, vômitos, coloração nos dentes) e baixa aceitação por parte das crianças. As principais dificuldades relatadas por algumas mães foram relacionadas ao endurecimento das fezes e ao sabor alterado da comida percebido por algumas crianças após o uso do sachê em alimentos líquidos inadequados à fortificação com MNP. Conclusões A maioria das mães percebeu boa aceitação do sachê de micronutrientes pelas crianças.
ABSTRACT Objectives To describe the perception of mothers on the use and acceptability of sachets with multiple micronutrients in powder form (MNP) on complementary feeding to prevent childhood anemia. Method Qualitative study with thirteen focus groups conducted with 79 mothers of children 9-12 months of age attending at primary health care in four Brazilian cities. The focus groups were conducted three months after the beginning of the use of sachets. Results The prior guidance by health professionals facilitated the mothers' understanding of the importance of using micronutrients in powder and provided clarification. Many mothers compared the use of MNP with ferrous sulfate syrup, which some mothers identified as responsible for side effects in their children (diarrhea, vomiting, grayish teeth), and had low acceptance by children. The main difficulties reported by some mothers were related to hardening of the stool and changes in taste noted in their children using the sachet in liquid food inappropriate for fortification with MNP. Conclusions We conclude that most mothers perceived good acceptance of the sachet of micronutrients by children.
RESUMEN Objetivo Verificar la percepción de las madres sobre el uso y la aceptabilidad de los sobres con polvos de micronutrientes múltiples (MNP) en la alimentación complementaria para prevenir la anemia en la infancia. Método Estudio cualitativo con trece grupos focales realizado con 79 madres de niños de 9 a 12 meses atendidos en la atención primaria de salud en cuatro ciudades brasileñas. Los grupos focales se realizaron tres meses después de comenzar a usar los sobres. Resultados Orientaciones previas de profesionales de la salud facilitaron la comprensión de las madres sobre la importancia del uso de micronutrientes en polvo y aclararon dudas. Muchas madres compararon el uso de MNP con sulfato ferroso en jarabe identificado por las madres como responsable de efectos secundarios en los niños (diarrea, vómitos, tinción de dientes) y baja aceptación por parte de los niños. Las principales dificultades relatadas por algunas madres estaban relacionadas con el endurecimiento de las heces y el sabor alterado de los alimentos percibido por algunos niños después de usar el sobre en alimentos líquidos no aptos para la fortificación con MNP. Conclusiones La mayoría de las madres percibieron una buena aceptación del sobre de micronutrientes por parte de los niños.
RESUMO
This study sought to quantify healthcare providers' advice about gestational weight gain (GWG), diet, and exercise among first-time pregnant Brazilian women living in the USA. This is a cross-sectional study of first-time pregnant Brazilian women living in selected cities in Massachusetts. The study sample included 86 women, nearly all (97%; n = 83) immigrants. Participants' mean age was 28.3 years and mean gestation was 27.5 weeks. Approximately 25.6% (n = 22) reported being overweight, and 1.2% (n = 1) being underweight. Only about 62% (n = 53) reported receiving advice from their healthcare provider on recommended GWG. In addition, about 83% (n = 71) and 81% (n = 70) reported receiving healthcare providers' advice on exercise and diet, respectively. Women who self-reported being overweight pre-pregnancy (OR 0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03-0.73; p = 0.02) and women who were classified low acculturation levels (OR 0.12; 95% CI 0.02-0.08; p = 0.03) were less likely to report receiving healthcare providers' advice on GWG compared to women who self-reported being normal weight pre-pregnancy and those classified having high acculturation level, respectively. Furthermore, women who self-reported being overweight pre-pregnancy were less likely to report receiving diet-related advice (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.10-1.02; p = 0.05) than women who self-reported being normal weight pre-pregnancy. Findings indicate the need for increased communication and counseling between healthcare providers and Brazilian immigrant women about GWG, in particular for women with low acculturation levels and language barriers suggesting the need for linguistic and culturally relevant interventions designed to improve Brazilian immigrant women's access to evidence-based information about GWG, diet, and exercise.
Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Ganho de Peso na Gestação , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-NatalRESUMO
In the United States (US), racial/ethnic minority children, low-income children, and children of immigrant families are at increased risk of childhood obesity. Mounting evidence documents that sleep duration and sleep quality are important modifiable factors associated with increased risk of obesity among preschool-aged children. The number of Brazilian immigrants in the US is increasing, yet no existing research, to our knowledge, has examined factors affecting sleep and bedtime routines of children of Brazilian immigrant families. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore Brazilian immigrant mothers' beliefs, attitudes, and practices related to sleep and bedtime routines among preschool-aged children. Seven focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 37 Brazilian immigrant mothers of preschool-age children living in the US. The audio-recordings of the FGDs were transcribed verbatim in Portuguese without identifiers and analyzed using thematic analyses. Mothers also completed a brief questionnaire assessing socio-demographic and acculturation. Analyses revealed that most mothers were aware of the importance of sleep and sleep duration for their children's healthy growth and development. Mothers also spoke of children needing consistent bedtime routines. Nevertheless, many mothers reported inconsistent and suboptimal bedtime routines (e.g., lack of predictable and orderly bedtime activities such as bath, reading, etc. and use of electronics in bed). These suboptimal routines appeared to be influenced by day-to-day social contextual and environmental factors that are part of Brazilian immigrant families' lives such as parents' work schedule, living with extended family, living in multi-family housing, neighborhood noise, etc. Analyses identified several modifiable parenting practices related to young children's sleep and bedtime routines (e.g., irregular bedtime, late bedtime, inconsistent bedtime routines, use of electronics in bed, etc.) that can be addressed in parenting- and family-based obesity prevention interventions. Interventions should consider the social context of the home/family (e.g., parents' work schedules) and the environment (e.g., multi-family housing; neighborhood noise, etc.) faced by Brazilian immigrant families when developing health promotion messages and parenting interventions tailored to this ethnic group.