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1.
Medicines (Basel) ; 7(11)2020 Oct 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33126603

RESUMO

Arthritis is a chronic condition that affects nearly a quarter of the United States population. Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two major forms of arthritis associated with severe joint pain and reduced quality of life. Various pharmacological interventions may be utilized for arthritis treatment when non-pharmacological therapy is insufficient. However, pharmacological therapy can be associated with serious side effects and high costs. Therefore, alternative therapies have been under investigation. Herbal medications have shown the potential for safe and effective management of arthritis. For this review, we attempt to summarize the mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of herbal treatments for OA and RA. After searching electronic databases, we identified nine herbs among 23 clinical trials used for the treatment of OA or RA patients. Improvement of OA and RA symptoms, pain, and inflammation was demonstrated. The herbs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, contributing to a reduction in inflammation and tissue damage. Several herbs elucidated new mechanisms for OA and RA treatment as well. Though these herbs have shown promise for OA and RA treatment, more studies and clinical trials are required for determining safety and efficacy, bioactivity, and optimal bioavailability.

2.
J Am Board Fam Med ; 32(2): 209-217, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30850457

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The American Diabetes Association recommends annual screenings for prediabetes if the patient meets the suggested requirements. The overall prevalence of prediabetes has decreased from an estimated 86 million adults in 2012 to 84.1 million adults in 2015 in the United States. Along with lifestyle modifications, the use of metformin as a treatment option or in combination has shown a decrease in weight and health care costs. This study was designed to review the prevalence of screening and treatment of prediabetes in the United States by using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, as well as identify any factors associated with screenings and treatment. METHODS: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was used to examine a study sample of office visits between 2012 and 2015, reviewing the prevalence of screenings and lab services ordered or provided at each patient visit. Inclusion criteria consisted of the recommendations given by the American Diabetes Association including any patient ≥45 years or adult patient <45 years with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 and an additional risk factor. Patients with a previous diagnosis of diabetes were excluded from the sample. RESULTS: A total of 105,721 office visits (2012 to 2015) were included in the analysis. The diabetes screening prevalence increased from 10% in 2012 to 13.4% in 2015. Metformin (n = 140, 76.1%) was the most common antidiabetic medication prescribed to treat prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes screening during office visits remained lower than 15% between 2012 and 2015 in the United States. Physicians primarily prescribe lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet and exercise, with metformin being used in some cases for the prevention of diabetes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Pré-Diabético/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Dieta Saudável , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Visita a Consultório Médico/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Pré-Diabético/terapia , Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem
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