Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) in Polymers: Effect of Polymer size on the Fluorescence of Low Molecular Weight PEG and PPG.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a fascinating phenomenon where specific molecules exhibit enhanced fluorescence upon aggregation. This unique property has revolutionized the design and development of new fluorescent materials for different applications, from biosensors and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to biomedical imaging and diagnostics. Researchers are creating sensitive and selective sensing platforms, opening new avenues in material science and engineering by harnessing the potential of AIE. To expand the knowledge in this field, this study explored the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties of two polymers, namely polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) of low molecular weight (MW) using fluorescence spectroscopy and absorbance (UV). PEG-300 and PPG-725 were the most fluorescent polymers at UV of the ten investigated. Interestingly, AIE did not correlate linearly with molecular weight (MW), and monobutyl ether substitution in PEG with a similar MW substantially altered its AIE. Furthermore, fluorescence precisely quantified low polymer concentrations in water, and non-aqueous solvents suppressed AIE, suggesting potential for AIE manipulation. These findings enhance our understanding of AIE in polymers, fostering the development of novel materials for applications such as biosensors.

The rs2018736 fibulin-5 polymorphism as a determinant for pelvic organ prolapse: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: Fibulin-5 is a connective tissue component and may play a role in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) pathogenesis. This study aimed to verify the association of the rs2018736 polymorphism of the fibulin-5 gene with POP in postmenopausal Brazilian women, and to determine the risk factors for POP. METHOD: This observational, cross-sectional, case-control study assessed postmenopausal women with advanced POP (stages III and IV) and control women (stages 0 and I) by examination and peripheral blood sample collection. DNA sequences were analyzed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A logistic regression model was used with p < 0.05 for significance. RESULTS: A total of 565 participants were evaluated (325 POP and 240 control). The homozygous C allele of rs2018736 (CC) was protective against POP (odds ratio [OR] 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26-0.91). Age (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.13), number of pregnancies (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.28), vaginal delivery (OR 5.32, 95% CI 2.58-11.01), forceps delivery (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.72-6.47), weight of newborn (OR 1.0007, 95% CI 1.0002-1.0011), family history of POP (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.24-4.44), hypertension (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.01-3.00) and diabetes (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.07-4.48)] were independent predictors for POP; cesarean (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.005-0.09) was protective. CONCLUSION: The rs2018736-CC genotype of the fibulin-5 gene has a protective role against POP.

Geometric morphometrics of the wings of Amazonian species of Melipona (Illiger, 1806) (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

Identifying and classifying species of stingless Neotropical bees is not a trivial task and requires the help of taxonomists and substantial study and training time. Also, there is a lack of taxonomically useful characters to differentiate among the megadiverse Neotropical group of stingless bees, and to recognize variation. Based on that, we have been testing alternatives to a character-based, efficient taxonomic determination of stingless bees, and herein we performed exploratory analyses of wing shape variation using geometric morphometrics. Thus, we built a data set of photographs of the right anterior wing of 1628 individuals belonging to 11 species in the genus Melipona (Illiger 1806) taken from collection material deposited in entomological collections. We then conducted a Procrustes analysis, followed by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and by a Canonical Variable Analyses (CVA). The two first principal components of the PCA accounted for 68% of the variation of the wing shape, and the ordination displayed by the first component separated species of the subgenus Melikerria from the others. In the CVA, the first two canonical axes explained 88% of the wing shape variation found among species, and Melikerria appears as a separate group, apart from the other subgenera in the first canonical axis. Along the second axis species belonging to Eomelipona and Michmelia, and among the Michmelia species, and its species group fuliginosa formed well-separated clusters. The wing shape variation of Melipona supports the recognition of subgenera as currently proposed for Melipona.

Caracterização e concepções de saúde de estudantes universitários que vivem em uma residência estudantil / Caracterización y concepciones de salud de estudiantes universitarios que viven en una residencia de estudiantes / Characterization and health conceptions of university students who live in a student residence

Objetivo:identificar o perfil e a concepção de saúde dos estudantes universitários residentes na casa do estudante. Método: estudo qualitativo do qual participaram 20 estudantes de uma residência universitária, sendo os dados analisados através da análise temática. Resultados: os estudantes apresentaram seus conceitos de saúde, adoecimento, cuidados adotados e acesso a serviços de saúde, havendo uma pluralidade nesses conceitos, sendo que cada um compreende de uma maneira diferente. Os universitários referiram já terem vivenciado o adoecimento em algum período do ano, devido ao estresse gerado pela demanda excessiva ou pelas características climáticas. Assim, procuraram práticas alternativas e automedicação para auxiliar no processo do cuidado. Conclusões:é necessário refletir sobre as demandas dos universitários, visando melhorar o atendimento e o acolhimento desses, para que possam atingir seu potencial máximo na vida acadêmica.

Objective: to identify the health profile and conception of university students residing in the student's home. Method: qualitative study in which 20 students from a university residence participated, the data being analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: the students presented their concepts of health, illness, care adopted and access to health services, with a plurality of these concepts, and each one understands it in a different way. The university students reported having already experienced illness at some time of the year, due to the stress generated by excessive demand or weather conditions. Thus, they sought alternative practices and self-medication to assist in the care process. Conclusions: it is necessary to reflect on the demands of university students, aiming to improve their care and reception, so that they can reach their maximum potential in academic life.

Objetivo: identificar el perfil y la concepción de salud de los universitarios residentes en el domicilio del estudiante. Método: estudio cualitativo en el que participaron 20 estudiantes de una residencia universitaria, y los datos fueron analizados a través del análisis temático. Resultados: los estudiantes presentaron sus conceptos de salud, enfermedad, cuidados adoptados y acceso a los servicios de salud, con una pluralidad de estos conceptos, y cada uno lo entiende de forma diferente. Los universitarios relataron haber padecido ya la enfermedad en alguna época del año, debido al estrés generado por el exceso de demanda o por las características climáticas. Por lo tanto, buscaron prácticas alternativas y de automedicación para ayudar en el proceso de atención. Conclusiones: es necesario reflexionar sobre las demandas de los estudiantes universitarios, con el objetivo de mejorar su atención y acogida, para que puedan alcanzar su máximo potencial en la vida académica.

Studies on the Child Handbook in Brazil: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically identify and map studies involving the Caderneta da Criança (Child Handbook - CH) in Brazil. METHODS: A scoping review using the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The databases PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Periódicos Capes and Google Scholar were consulted. Primary and secondary studies that mentioned the use of CH were included, without restrictions regarding design, year of publication or population, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish and gray literature (theses and dissertations). RESULTS: A total of 129 studies were included, mostly descriptive, published as scientific papers. The Northeast region, the population of caregivers of children and the Primary Care scenario were observed in most studies; 47% of the studies used the CH as a source of data, the majority on vaccination. Despite the different criteria to define adequacy of completing the CH, the studies identified weaknesses in filling out all of its items, except for immunization. The utilization and/or completion of the CH were linked to various factors, including the availability of the CH, characteristics of the children (such as sex, age, prematurity and well-child appointments), attributes of the family members and caregivers (such as age, education, income, parity, work status, prenatal care, reading, note-taking and bringing CH to appointments) and features of the professionals (such as workplace, medical specialty, communication style, knowledge about the CH, requesting, guiding and note-taking). CONCLUSIONS: The results reinforce the need to better understand which factors affect the distribution of the CH in the population, as well as pointing to the need for understanding its use and completion by the different care points. The need for intervention studies to improve the implementation of this tool and to include training on the use of the CH in the context of continuing health education becomes evident.

Association between the rs1036819 polymorphism of the ZFAT gene and pelvic organ prolapse: a case-control study.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The identification of risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) would contribute to planning prevention strategies. This study tests the hypothesis that the rs1036819 polymorphism in the ZFAT gene is associated with POP and investigates other risk factors for prolapse development. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out including 826 postmenopausal women divided into POP cases (stages III and IV) and controls (stages 0 and I), assessed by anamnesis, examination, and peripheral blood samples. DNA was extracted from blood and genotyped by real-time RT-PCR. We used logistic regression models for the association analyses of variables, with p < 0.05 for significance. RESULTS: Five hundred and sixty-eight women were evaluated (315 POP and 253 controls). The minor allele C was found in 19.3% of our sample and the genotype frequencies of AA, AC, and CC were similar in both groups. Age (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.13), number of pregnancies (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.41), history of one vaginal delivery (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.38-8.33) or two or more (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.04-6.07), weight of the largest newborn (OR 1.0001, 95% CI 1-1.001), and family history of POP (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.24-4.13) were independent risk factors for POP, whereas one cesarean section (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27-0.88) or two or more (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.38) were protective. CONCLUSIONS: No association was detected between the rs1036819 polymorphism of the ZFAT gene and advanced POP. Age, number of pregnancies, at least one vaginal delivery, weight of the newborn, and POP family history were independent risk factors for POP.

Prevalence and maternal determinants of early and late introduction of complementary foods: results from the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort study.

A nationally generalisable cohort (n 5770) was used to determine the prevalence of non-timely (early/late) introduction of complementary food and core food groups and associations with maternal sociodemographic and health behaviours in New Zealand (NZ). Variables describing maternal characteristics and infant food introduction were sourced, respectively, from interviews completed antenatally and during late infancy. The NZ Infant Feeding Guidelines were used to define early (≤ 4 months) and late (≥ 7 months) introduction. Associations were examined using multivariable multinomial regression, presented as adjusted relative risk ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (RRR; 95% CI). Complementary food introduction was early for 40·2 % and late for 3·2 %. The prevalence of early food group introduction were fruit/vegetables (23·8 %), breads/cereals (36·3 %), iron-rich foods (34·1 %) and of late were meat/meat alternatives (45·9 %), dairy products (46·2 %) and fruits/vegetables (9·9 %). Compared with infants with timely food introduction, risk of early food introduction was increased for infants: breastfed < 6months (2·52; 2·19-2·90), whose mothers were < 30 years old (1·69; 1·46-1·94), had a diploma/trade certificate v. tertiary education (1·39; 1·1-1·70), of Maori v. European ethnicity (1·40; 1·12-1·75) or smoked during pregnancy (1·88; 1·44-2·46). Risk of late food introduction decreased for infants breastfed < 6 months (0·47; 0.27-0·80) and increased for infants whose mothers had secondary v. tertiary education (2·04; 1·16-3·60) were of Asian v. European ethnicity (2·22; 1·35, 3·63) or did not attend childbirth preparation classes (2·23; 1·24-4·01). Non-timely food introduction, specifically early food introduction, is prevalent in NZ. Interventions to improve food introduction timeliness should be ethnic-specific and support longer breast-feeding.

Studies on the Child Handbook in Brazil: a scoping review / Estudos sobre a Caderneta da Criança no Brasil: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To systematically identify and map studies involving the Caderneta da Criança (Child Handbook - CH) in Brazil. METHODS A scoping review using the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The databases PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Periódicos Capes and Google Scholar were consulted. Primary and secondary studies that mentioned the use of CH were included, without restrictions regarding design, year of publication or population, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish and gray literature (theses and dissertations). RESULTS A total of 129 studies were included, mostly descriptive, published as scientific papers. The Northeast region, the population of caregivers of children and the Primary Care scenario were observed in most studies; 47% of the studies used the CH as a source of data, the majority on vaccination. Despite the different criteria to define adequacy of completing the CH, the studies identified weaknesses in filling out all of its items, except for immunization. The utilization and/or completion of the CH were linked to various factors, including the availability of the CH, characteristics of the children (such as sex, age, prematurity and well-child appointments), attributes of the family members and caregivers (such as age, education, income, parity, work status, prenatal care, reading, note-taking and bringing CH to appointments) and features of the professionals (such as workplace, medical specialty, communication style, knowledge about the CH, requesting, guiding and note-taking). CONCLUSIONS The results reinforce the need to better understand which factors affect the distribution of the CH in the population, as well as pointing to the need for understanding its use and completion by the different care points. The need for intervention studies to improve the implementation of this tool and to include training on the use of the CH in the context of continuing health education becomes evident.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Identificar e mapear de forma sistemática os estudos que envolvem a Caderneta da Criança (CC) no Brasil. MÉTODOS Revisão de escopo utilizando a metodologia proposta pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Foram consultadas as bases de dados PubMed, BVS Regional, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Periódicos Capes e Google Scholar. Incluíram-se estudos primários e secundários que mencionavam o uso da CC, sem restrições quanto ao delineamento, ano de publicação ou população, publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol e literatura cinzenta (teses e dissertações). RESULTADOS Foram incluídos 129 estudos, em sua maioria descritivos, publicados como artigos científicos. A região Nordeste, a população de cuidadores das crianças e o cenário da atenção primária foram observados na maioria dos estudos; 47% dos estudos utilizou a CC como fonte de dados, a maioria sobre vacinação. Apesar dos diferentes critérios para definir adequação de preenchimento da CC, os estudos identificaram fragilidades no preenchimento de todos os seus itens, com exceção da vacinação. Características contextuais (como a disponibilidade da CC), das crianças (sexo, idade, prematuridade e consultas de puericultura), dos familiares e cuidadores (idade, escolaridade, renda, paridade, trabalho, pré-natal, ler, fazer anotações e levar a CC nas consultas) e dos profissionais (local de atuação, especialidade médica, comunicação no trabalho, conhecimentos sobre a CC, solicitar, orientar sobre e realizar anotações na CC) foram relacionadas ao uso e/ou preenchimento da CC. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de melhor compreender quais fatores afetam a distribuição da CC à população, assim como apontam para a necessidade de compreender o seu uso e preenchimento pelos diversos pontos de atenção. Fica clara a necessidade de estudos de intervenção para que a implementação desse instrumento seja aprimorada e de incluir capacitações sobre a caderneta no contexto da educação permanente em saúde.

A vigilância do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil na atenção primária à saúde do município de Juquiá, São Paulo: resumo executivo / Surveillance of Child Growth and Development in Primary Health Care in the Municipality of Juquiá, São Paulo: executive summary

Introdução Este estudo foca na vital importância do desenvolvimento na primeira infância, destacando os aspectos físicos, cognitivos, emocionais e sociais que ocorrem desde a concepção até os primeiros seis anos de vida. Essa fase crítica demanda a promoção ativa de conexões neurais por meio de interações e vínculos afetivos, influenciando diretamente o desenvolvimento futuro. O "Nurturing Care Framework", proposto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e o Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF) destaca a interdependência entre saúde, nutrição, cuidados responsivos, proteção, segurança e aprendizagem precoce. As áreas essenciais - habilidades motoras, cognitivas, de comunicação e linguagem, e sociais - são cruciais para garantir um desenvolvimento saudável. Apesar dos avanços, desigualdades persistem no Brasil, evidenciadas por problemas como desnutrição e obesidade infantil, conforme revelado pelo projeto PIPAS, que aponta a Caderneta da Criança como uma aliada na promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças desde sua instituição em 2005. Metodologia A pesquisa, realizada em Juquiá, avaliou uma intervenção educativa para profissionais de enfermagem na Atenção Primária, concentrando-se na vigilância do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil. Resultado e discussão Os resultados indicam melhorias substanciais, evidenciando a eficácia da capacitação e apontando a conexão entre desemprego, dependência de programas sociais, como a transição do Auxílio Brasil para o novo Bolsa família, enfatizam a importância de medidas como transferências de renda, especialmente em contextos vulneráveis, conforme recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Análises detalhadas da caderneta da criança revelaram a importância de garantir sua distribuição completa para monitoramento eficaz, enfocando a necessidade de orientação dos profissionais de saúde aos cuidadores.

COVID-19: Impacto na Saúde Mental de Trabalhadores de Enfermagem / COVID-19: Impact on Mental Health of Nursing Workers

O contexto prolongado de pandemia pelo novo Coronavírus agravou o desgaste físico e emocional dos trabalhadores de saúde, impactando negativamente na saúde mental. Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar as prevalências de Transtorno de Depressão Leve (TDL) e de Transtorno de Ansiedade Leve (TAL) e os fatores associados. Estudo transversal, realizado com trabalhadores de enfermagem de hospital privado da cidade de São Paulo (SP), Brasil. A amostra por adesão foi composta por 184 trabalhadores de enfermagem, que responderam um formulário do Google Forms®, divulgado por grupo de mídia social (WhatsApp®), restrita a funcionários e gerentes dos setores. Foram obtidos dados demográficos, ocupacionais, clínicos e indicadores de TDL e TAL por meio da Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e teste de associação entre variáveis independentes e dependentes. Houve predomínio de mulheres (88%), na função de técnico e/ou auxiliar de enfermagem (63,6%); e que trabalhavam em unidades especificas de pacientes com COVID-19 (58,7%). A prevalência de TDL foi 43,5% (IC 95%: 36,4% - 50,7%) e de TAL foi 46,2% (IC 95%: 39,1% ­ 53,4%). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre TAL, idade entre 25 e 35 anos (p=0,01) e unidade de internação não especifica para COVID-19 (p=0,04). A prevalência dos transtornos leves de depressão e ansiedade foi considerada alta. O transtorno leve de ansiedade obteve maior prevalência entre trabalhadores mais jovens e atuando em unidades não especificas para COVID-19.

The prolonged pandemic context by the new Coronavirus aggravated the physical and emotional strain of healthcare workers, negatively impacting mental health. The objectives of this study were to verify the prevalence of Mild Depression Disorder (MDD) and Mild Anxiety Disorder (MAD) and their associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with nurses and nursing assistants from a private hospital in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The sample consisted of 184 nursing workers, who answered a form using Google Forms®, released by the social media group (WhatsApp®), restricted to employees and managers of the sectors. Demographic, occupational, clinical data, and indicators of MDD and MAD were obtained through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Descriptive statistics and association tests between independent and dependent variables were used. There was a predominance of women (88%), in the role of nurse technicians and/or assistants (63.6%), and those who worked in specific units of patients with COVID-19 (58.7%). The prevalence of MDD was 43.5% (95% CI: 36.4% - 50.7%) and MAD was 46.2% (95% CI: 39.1% ­ 53.4%). There was a statistically significant association between MAD, age between 25 and 35 years (p=0.01) and hospital unit not specific for COVID-19 (p=0.04). The prevalence of mild depression and anxiety disorders was considered high. Mild anxiety disorder had a higher prevalence among younger workers and those working in units not specific to COVID-19

Trabalho da equipe de enfermagem no serviço de urgência e emergência pediátrica: revisão integra-tiva / Work of the nursing team in the pediatric urgency and emergency service: integrative review / Trabajo del equipo de enfermería en el servicio de urgencias y emergencias pediátricas: revisión inte-gradora

Objetivo: conhecer a produção científica sobre o trabalho da equipe de enfermagem no serviço de urgência e emergência pediátrica. Método: revisão integrativa cujos os dados foram das publicações de 2009 a 2019, totalizando 10 artigos que atenderam os critérios propostos nas buscas. Resultados: foram compilados em quatro categorias temáticas: A equipe de enfermagem no trabalho na urgência e emergência pediátrica; Segurança da assistência de enfermagem na urgência e emergência pediátrica; Perspectiva dos acompanhantes sobre a assistência de enfermagem na urgência e emergência pediátrica; Dificuldades e estratégias de enfrentamento no trabalho da equipe de enfermagem na urgência e emergência pediátrica. Conclusão: identificou-se uma lacuna em publicações que buscavam conhecer a perspectiva dos profissionais acerca do seu trabalho cotidiano, sendo este um tema potencial para a realização de estudos, visando melhorar a qualidade da assistência e o suporte a essa população (AU).

Objective: to know the scientific production on the work of the nursing team in the pediatric urgency and emergency service. Method: integrative review whose data were from publications from 2009 to 2019, totaling 10 articles that met the criteria proposed in the searches. Results: were compiled into four thematic categories: The nursing team at work in pediatric urgency and emergency; Safety of nursing care in pediatric urgency and emergency; Companions' perspective on nursing care in the pediatric urgency and emergency; Difficulties and coping strategies in the work of the nursing team in pediatric urgency and emergency. Conclusion: a gap was identified in the publications that sought to know the perspective of professionals about their daily work, which is a potential theme for carrying out studies, aiming to improve the quality of care and support for this population (AU).

Objetivo: conocer la producción científica sobre el trabajo del equipo de enfermería en el servicio de urgencia y emergencia pediátrica. Método: revisión integradora cuyos datos fueron de publicaciones de 2009 a 2019, totalizando 10 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios propuestos en las búsquedas. Resultados: fueron compilados en cuatro categorías temáticas: El equipo de enfermería en el trabajo en urgencias y emergencias pediátricas; Seguridad del cuidado de enfermería en urgencias y emergencias pediátricas; Perspectiva de los acompañantes sobre el cuidado de enfermería en la urgencia y emergencia pediátrica; Dificultades y estrategias de afrontamiento en el trabajo del equipo de enfermería en urgencias y emergencias pediátricas. Conclusión: se identificó una brecha en publicaciones que buscaban conocer la perspectiva de los profesionales sobre su trabajo diario, siendo este un tema potencial para realizar estudios, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de la atención y el apoyo a esta población (AU).

A fisioterapia aquática como tratamento de reabilitação em pacientes com fibromialgia: uma revisão integrativa / Aquatic physiotherapy as a rehabilitation treatment in patients with fibromyalgia: an integrative review

Objetivo: Verificar o uso da fisioterapia aquática na reabilitação de pacientes com fibromialgia. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com a busca de artigos realizada nos meses de março e abril de 2020, nas bases de dados eletrônicos Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) e PubMed, utilizando-se os descritores indexados no Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e no Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos com abordagens observacionais e intervencionistas, publicados entres os anos de 2010 e 2020, disponíveis em texto completo nos idiomas português e inglês. Excluíram-se artigos de revisão, anais de eventos, dissertações, teses e publicações duplicadas. Resultados: Foram encontrados 27 artigos. Após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra e inclusos nesta revisão 8 estudos. Além do alívio da dor, foi verificado os efeitos da fisioterapia aquática em variáveis que otimizam a capacidade funcional e aumentam qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O uso da fisioterapia aquática na reabilitação de pacientes com fibromialgia promove efeitos benéficos como o alívio do quadro álgico, entre outros, influenciando positivamente na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos.

Dietary Pattern Influences Gestational Weight Gain: Results from the ProcriAr Cohort Study-São Paulo, Brazil.

The maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) influence maternal and infant outcomes. This study identified patterns of habitual dietary intake in 385 pregnant women in São Paulo and explored their associations with excessive weight gain (EGWG). Weight at the first visit (<14 weeks) was used as a proxy for pre-pregnancy weight. Food consumption was assessed using the 24HR method, administered twice at each gestational trimester, and dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. Three dietary patterns were identified: "Vegetables and Fruits," "Western," and "Brazilian Traditional." Descriptive data analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies for each independent variable and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to analyze excessive gestational gain weight (EGWG) and dietary patterns (DP). The Brazilian Traditional dietary pattern showed a protective effect on EGWG (p = 0.04) and age > 35 years (p = 0.03), while subjects overweight at baseline had a higher probability of EGWG (p = 0.02), suggesting that the identification of dietary and weight inadequacies should be observed from the beginning of pregnancy, accompanied by nutritional intervention and weight monitoring throughout the gestational period to reduce risks to the mother and child's health.

Characterization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant Shedding and Predictors of Viral Culture Positivity on Vaccinated Healthcare Workers With Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019.

In this prospective cohort of 30 vaccinated healthcare workers with mild Omicron variant infection, we evaluated viral culture, rapid antigen test (RAT), and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of respiratory samples at days 5, 7, 10, and 14. Viral culture was positive in 46% (11/24) and 20% (6/30) of samples at days 5 and 7, respectively. RAT and RT-PCR (Ct ≤35) showed 100% negative predictive value (NPV), with positive predictive values (PPVs) of 32% and 17%, respectively, for predicting viral culture positivity. A lower RT-PCR threshold (Ct ≤24) improved culture prediction (PPV = 39%; NPV = 100%). Vaccinated persons with mild Omicron infection are potentially transmissible up to day 7. RAT and RT-PCR might be useful tools for shortening the isolation period.

Brazilian Academy of Neurology practice guidelines for stroke rehabilitation: part I.

The Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation are the result of a joint effort by the Scientific Department of Neurological Rehabilitation of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology aiming to guide professionals involved in the rehabilitation process to reduce functional disability and increase individual autonomy. Members of the group participated in web discussion forums with predefined themes, followed by videoconference meetings in which issues were discussed, leading to a consensus. These guidelines, divided into two parts, focus on the implications of recent clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses in stroke rehabilitation literature. The main objective was to guide physicians, physiotherapists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, nurses, nutritionists, and other professionals involved in post-stroke care. Recommendations and levels of evidence were adapted according to the currently available literature. Part I discusses topics on rehabilitation in the acute phase, as well as prevention and management of frequent conditions and comorbidities after stroke.

Microcephaly measurement in adults and its association with clinical variables.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a microcephaly cut-off size in adults using head circumference as an indirect measure of brain size, as well as to explore factors associated with microcephaly via data mining. METHODS: In autopsy studies, head circumference was measured with an inelastic tape placed around the skull. Total brain volume was also directly measured. A linear regression was used to determine the association of head circumference with brain volume and clinical variables. Microcephaly was defined as head circumference that were two standard deviations below the mean of significant clinical variables. We further applied an association rule mining to find rules associating microcephaly with several sociodemographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: In our sample of 2,508 adults, the mean head circumference was 55.3 ± 2.7cm. Head circumference was related to height, cerebral volume, and sex (p < 0.001 for all). Microcephaly was present in 4.7% of the sample (n = 119). Out of 34,355 association rules, we found significant relationships between microcephaly and a clinical dementia rating (CDR) > 0.5 with an informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE) ≥ 3.4 (confidence: 100% and lift: 5.6), between microcephaly and a CDR > 0.5 with age over 70 years (confidence: 42% and lift: 2.4), and microcephaly and males (confidence: 68.1% and lift: 1.3). CONCLUSION: Head circumference was related to cerebral volume. Due to its low cost and easy use, head circumference can be used as a screening test for microcephaly, adjusting it for gender and height. Microcephaly was associated with dementia at old age.

Brazilian Academy of Neurology practice guidelines for stroke rehabilitation: part I / Diretrizes da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia para reabilitação do acidente vascular cerebral: parte I

ABSTRACT The Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation are the result of a joint effort by the Scientific Department of Neurological Rehabilitation of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology aiming to guide professionals involved in the rehabilitation process to reduce functional disability and increase individual autonomy. Members of the group participated in web discussion forums with predefined themes, followed by videoconference meetings in which issues were discussed, leading to a consensus. These guidelines, divided into two parts, focus on the implications of recent clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses in stroke rehabilitation literature. The main objective was to guide physicians, physiotherapists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, nurses, nutritionists, and other professionals involved in post-stroke care. Recommendations and levels of evidence were adapted according to the currently available literature. Part I discusses topics on rehabilitation in the acute phase, as well as prevention and management of frequent conditions and comorbidities after stroke.

RESUMO As Diretrizes Brasileiras para Reabilitação do AVC são fruto de um esforço conjunto do Departamento Científico de Reabilitação Neurológica da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia com o objetivo de orientar os profissionais envolvidos no processo de reabilitação para a redução da incapacidade funcional e aumento da autonomia dos indivíduos. Membros do grupo acima participaram de fóruns de discussão na web com pré-temas, seguidos de reuniões por videoconferência em que as controvérsias foram discutidas, levando a um consenso. Essas diretrizes, divididas em duas partes, focam as implicações de recentes ensaios clínicos, revisões sistemáticas e metanálises sobre reabilitação do AVC. O objetivo principal é servir de orientação a médicos, fisioterapeutas, fonoaudiólogos, terapeutas ocupacionais, enfermeiros, nutricionistas e demais profissionais envolvidos no cuidado pós-AVC. As recomendações e níveis de evidência foram adaptados de acordo com a literatura disponível atualmente. Aqui é apresentada a Parte I sobre tópicos de reabilitação na fase aguda, prevenção e tratamento de doenças e comorbidades frequentes após o AVC.

Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition avoid formalin-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia in the temporomandibular joint.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous molecules that exerts effective antinociceptive and resolutive actions. However, because of their rapid metabolism by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), EETs are unable to remain bioavailable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether local sEH inhibition could prevent inflammatory hyperalgesia in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats. For that, rats were pre-treated with an intra-TMJ injection of TPPU, followed by the noxious stimulus (1.5% of formalin intra-articular) to evaluate nociceptive behavior. Histological analysis was conducted to explore the inflammatory exudate and mast cell degranulation. Periarticular tissue over the TMJ was used to measure inflammatory lipids and cytokines/chemokine by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). We demonstrated that peripheral pretreatment with TPPU prevents formalin-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia in the TMJ, and this effect is strictly local. Moreover, TPPU mitigates the leukocyte exudate in the TMJ, as well as inflammatory lipids mediators. Mast cell number and degranulation were abrogated by TPPU, and the inflammatory cytokine levels were decreased by TPPU. On the other hand, TPPU up-regulated the release of interleukin 10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine. We provide evidence that locally sEH by intra-TMJ injection of TPPU produces an antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect on rats' TMJ.

Clinical safety and hemodynamic, cardiac autonomic and inflammatory responses to a single session of inspiratory muscle training in obstructive sleep apnea.

PURPOSE: To determine clinical safety and cardiovascular, cardiac autonomic and inflammatory responses to a single session of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects. METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial individuals of both sexes, aged between 30 and 70 years old with diagnosis of moderate to severe OSA were enrolled. Volunteers with OSA (n = 40) performed an IMT session with three sets of 30 repetitions with a 1-min interval between them. The IMT group (n = 20) used a load of 70% of the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and the placebo group (n = 20) performed the IMT without load. Measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and inflammatory markers were performed pre, post-immediate and 1 h after the IMT session. RESULTS: No differences were shown in SBP, DBP, HRV, or inflammatory markers at any of the intervals analyzed. However, HR in the IMT group was lower ​​1 h after the IMT session compared to the pre-session values ​​(p = 0002). HR was higher in the placebo group when comparing pre × post-immediate (p < 0.001). HR decreased after the first hour in relation to the pre (p < 0.001) and post-immediate (p < 0.001) values. CONCLUSION: IMT sessions promote discreet hemodynamic, cardiac autonomic and inflammatory responses. Therefore, IMT is considered clinically safe and can be performed at home, guided but unsupervised, with lower cost and greater adherence to exercise program for subjects with OSA.

An index measuring adherence to New Zealand Infant Feeding Guidelines has convergent validity with maternal socio-demographic and health behaviours and with children's body size.

Using data from a nationally generalisable birth cohort, we aimed to: (i) describe the cohort's adherence to national evidence-based dietary guidelines using an Infant Feeding Index (IFI) and (ii) assess the IFI's convergent construct validity, by exploring associations with antenatal maternal socio-demographic and health behaviours and with child overweight/obesity and central adiposity at age 54 months. Data were from the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort (n 6343). The IFI scores ranged from zero to twelve points, with twelve representing full adherence to the guidelines. Overweight/obesity was defined by BMI-for-age (based on the WHO Growth Standards). Central adiposity was defined as waist-to-height ratio > 90th percentile. Associations were tested using multiple linear regression and Poisson regression with robust variance (risk ratios, 95 % CI). Mean IFI score was 8·2 (sd 2·1). Maternal characteristics explained 29·1 % of variation in the IFI score. Maternal age, education and smoking had the strongest independent relationships with IFI scores. Compared with children in the highest IFI tertile, girls in the lowest and middle tertiles were more likely to be overweight/obese (1·46, 1·03, 2·06 and 1·56, 1·09, 2·23, respectively) and boys in the lowest tertile were more likely to have central adiposity (1·53, 1·02, 2·30) at age 54 months. Most infants fell short of meeting national Infant Feeding Guidelines. The associations between IFI score and maternal characteristics, and children's overweight/obesity/central adiposity, were in the expected directions and confirm the IFI's convergent construct validity.