Atopy in Elite Endurance Athletes.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of atopy (specific IgE levels), to evaluate the allergic symptoms using the Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUA), and to determine whether atopy is associated with allergic symptoms in elite endurance athletes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Assessments were performed at Hospital das Clinicas-São Paulo University Medical School. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-nine elite endurance athletes (triathletes and runners). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Allergic symptoms were assessed by a validated self-report AQUA questionnaire and atopy by specific IgE level. RESULTS: The frequency of atopy (specific IgE to at least one inhalant allergen) and allergic symptoms was 57.6% and 54.2%, respectively. In addition, no association was observed between atopy and allergic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: A possible implication from our results is that atopy screening in elite athletes should be performed using AQUA questionnaire and measuring specific IgE simultaneously.

AQUA© as predictor of allergy in elite marathon runners.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of allergy in athletes is increasing, and its risk varies across sports. The risk is dependent mainly on the ventilation rate and environmental factors; however, the prevalence of allergy in elite runners remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen allergy symptoms in elite marathon runners by using a validated questionnaire for screening allergy in athletes. METHODS: Two hundred and one elite marathoners, who participated in the most competitive Brazilian marathons and half-marathons during 2011, were invited to complete a validated self-report Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUA©), with additional questions pertaining to training history, such as running experience, running distance per week and their best race time in marathon or half-marathon events. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the assessed athletes reported allergy symptoms as defined by a positive AQUA outcome (score [greater than or equal to] 5). No significant differences (p > 0.05) between groups (AQUA + and AQUA-) were observed for gender, age, running experience, weekly training volume and best performance time in the half-marathon and marathon. The most frequently reported symptoms were related to the respiratory tract and physical effort. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that AQUA© can be used to predict allergy in elite marathon runners. In addition, these athletes have a higher prevalence of allergy symptoms to elite athletes from other sports.