Stroke and Multiorgan Failure as the Initial Manifestations of Lupus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a persistent autoimmune disorder that manifests across a spectrum ranging from mild to severe disease, often requiring hospitalization and critical care management. We present a severe case of systemic involvement at its onset. A young woman, with a background of arterial hypertension, presented to the emergency department exhibiting a total anterior circulation stroke and exuberant symmetric lower limb edema. Her condition rapidly deteriorated with neurological impairment, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, and acute kidney injury prompting her admission to the ICU. Following clinical investigation, a diagnosis of SLE was established, according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2019 and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) 2012 classification criteria. The patient underwent treatment involving high-dose corticosteroids, followed by the Euro-Lupus protocol, resulting in significant improvement, despite her severe neurological deficit at admission. Lupus is a complex disease that is often difficult to diagnose because of its potential to mimic various other conditions. Our report delves into a case of previously undiagnosed lupus leading the patient to the ICU. The clinical scenario described adds valuable insights to the understanding of lupus-related complications and their management through a multidisciplinary approach.

Psychometric properties of the positive mental health questionnaire: short form (PMHQ-SF18) in young adults.

Introduction: Positive Mental Health (PMH) plays a pivotal role in the promoting of mental health. Assessing this phenomenon is essential for early recognition and intervention in mental health. To date, only one tool was validated with 39 items to assess PMH among Portuguese young adults. Method: This study sought to examine the psychometric properties of the short version of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ) among Portuguese university students. The PMHQ Short Form was administered to a sample of 3,647 university students via an online platform. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The principal factor solution was employed because some items showed higher levels of kurtosis. Multivariate analysis was tested using the Mardia's Test, Henze-Zirkler, and Royston. Findings of content, construct validity tests, and Cronbach's alfa demonstrated the satisfactory validity and suitable reliability of the PMHQ-Short Form (PMHQ-SF). Results and discussion: The exploratory factor analysis produced six dimensions of the PMHQ-SF with three items in each factor demonstrating adequate internal reliability. The global internal consistency was 0.92, with factors ranging between 0.60 to 0.82. The results suggest that the PMHQ-SF is reliable, easier, and more practical to complete by university students due to the shortening of the number of items. The PMHQ-SF is useful for assessing positive mental health in young adults. The final version of the instrument contains from 32 to 18 items.

National reflection on organs-on-chip for drug development: New regulatory challenges.

Organs-on-chip (OoC) are innovative and promising in vitro models, particularly in the process of developing new drugs, to improve predictivity of preclinical studies in humans. However, a lack of regulatory consensus on acceptance criteria and standards around these technologies currently hinders their adoption and implementation by end-users. A reflection has been conducted at the National Agency for Medicines and Health products safety (ANSM) in order to address this issue, which has gained momentum at the international level in recent years. If the subject of OoC is of international interest, France is also in the process of structuring an OoC network, in order to best support the emergence of this new technological innovation. Focusing on liver-on-a-chip, the authors drafted a first list of regulatory requirements to help standardize these devices and their use. Technological and biological relevance of liver-on-a-chip was also evaluated, in comparison with current in vitro and in vivo models, based on the available literature. The authors offer an analysis of the current scientific and regulatory situation, highlighting the key regulatory issues for the future.

Positive Mental Health in University Students and Its Relations with Psychological Vulnerability, Mental Health Literacy, and Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Descriptive Correlational Study.

This study aimed to evaluate positive mental health (PMH) and its relation with sociodemographic characteristics, mental health literacy, and the psychological vulnerability scale (PVS) in Portuguese university students aged 17 to 62. A descriptive correlational study was carried out. An online survey was conducted to evaluate demographic variables, and several questionnaires were applied to evaluate positive mental health, psychological vulnerability, and mental health literacy. The data was collected from 1 November 2019 to 1 September 2020. Overall, 3405 students participated in the study. The results show that 67.8% of students revealed a high level of PMH, 31.6% presented a medium level of PMH, and 0.6% had a low level of PMH. Male students reported higher personal satisfaction (t (3170) = -2.39, p = 0.017) and autonomy (t (3170) = -3.33, p = 0.001) in PMH compared to female students. Students without a scholarship scored higher (t (3127) = -2.04, p = 0.42) in PMH than students who held a scholarship. Students who were not displaced from their home reported higher (t (3170) = -1.99, p = 0.047) self-control in PMH than those displaced from their home. University students with higher PMH results had lower PVS results and higher literacy results. The findings of this study will contribute to identifying students' PMH intervention needs.

Características de um programa de saúde mental positiva para adultos: um estudo de Focus Group / Characteristics of a positive mental health program for adults: a Focus Group study

Resumo Contexto: O termo "saúde mental positiva" foi designado pela primeira vez por Marie Jahoda em 1958. Ele enquadra a promoção da saúde mental como algo importante na sociedade e no ciclo de vida dinâmico de seus membros. Objetivo: Explorar e identificar os componentes necessários para a criação de um programa modular de promoção da saúde mental positiva em adultos, baseado no Modelo Multifatorial de Teresa Lluch. Metodologia: Realizamos três reuniões de peritos de março a julho de 2018 com um total de 23 profissionais de enfermagem em Portugal. Os dados foram analisados tematicamente pelo método Framework. Usado o COREQ checklist. Resultados: Foram analisados quatro temas previamente identificados: a estrutura do programa, os critérios de inclusão dos participantes, a composição conceptual das sessões e a eficácia do programa. A construção teórica do programa baseou-se no Modelo Multifatorial de Saúde Mental Positiva de Teresa Lluch, composto por seis fatores: satisfação pessoal, atitude pró-social, autocontrolo, autonomia, resolução de problemas e auto-atualização e habilidades de relacionamento interpessoal. Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu identificar, com consenso, um conjunto de intervenções baseadas nos seis fatores do Modelo Multifatorial de Saúde Mental Positiva de Teresa Lluch que devem integrar um programa que promova a saúde mental positiva em adultos em diferentes cenários / contextos adequados às necessidades individuais de cada participante.

Abstract Context: The term 'positive mental health' was first designated by Marie Jahoda in 1958. It frames the promotion of mental health as something important in society and the dynamic life cycle of its members. Objective: To explore and identify the components needed for the creation of a modular program to promote positive mental health in adults, based on Teresa Lluch Multifactorial Model. Methods: We conducted three focus groups from March-July 2018 with a total of 23 nursing professionals in Portugal. The data was thematically analyzed using the Framework method. The COREQ checklist guided reporting. Results: Four previously identified topics were analyzed: the structure of the program, the inclusion criteria of participants, the conceptual composition of the sessions, and the effectiveness of the program. The theoretical construction of the program was based on Teresa Lluch Multifactorial Positive Mental Health Model, composed of six factors: personal satisfaction, prosocial attitude, self-control, autonomy, problem-solving and self-actualization, and interpersonal relationship skills. Conclusion: This study allowed to identify, with consensus, a set of interventions based on the six factors of Teresa Lluch Multifactorial Positive Mental Health Model that should integrate a program that promotes positive mental health in adults in different settings/contexts suited for the individual needs of each participant.

Etidronate-based organic salts and ionic liquids: In vitro effects on bone metabolism.

Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs widely used for the treatment of several pathologies associated with increased bone resorption. Although displaying low oral bioavailability, these drugs have the ability to accumulate in bone matrix, where the biological effects are exerted. In the present work, four mono- and dianionic Etidronate-based Organic Salts and Ionic Liquids (Eti-OSILs) were developed by combination of this drug with the superbases 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and 1,5-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-ene (DBN) as cations, aiming to improve not only the physicochemical properties of this seminal bisphosphonate, but also its efficacy in the modulation of cellular behavior, particularly on human osteoclasts and osteoblasts. It was observed that some of the developed compounds, in particular the dianionic ones, presented very high water solubility and diminished or absent polymorphism. Also, several of them appeared to be more cytotoxic against human breast and osteosarcoma cancer cell lines while retaining low toxicity to normal cells. Regarding bone cells, a promotion of an anabolic state was observed for all Eti-OSILs, primarily for the dianionic ones, which leads to an inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and an increase in osteoblastogenesis. The observed effects resulted from differential modulation of intracellular signaling pathways by the Eti-OSILs in comparison with Etidronate. Hence, these results pave the way for the development of more efficient and bioavailable ionic formulations of bisphosphonates aiming to effectively modulate bone metabolism, particularly in the case of increased bone resorption.

Fatal Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome in an adult due to serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis.

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (WFS), defined as severe adrenal insufficiency due to bilateral adrenal gland haemorrhagic necrosis, occurred in a 59-year-old woman. An underlying serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis (NM) infection was diagnosed, with a rapid progression to purpura fulminans, disseminated intravascular coagulation and WFS. Intensive treatment including fluid resuscitation, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, ventilatory support, platelet and factor replacement were administered. The meningococcaemia in the presence of WFS had a fulminant progression, leading to a fatal outcome within 24 hours of symptom onset. This case details the diagnosis and management challenges of the WFS, a rare complication of NM septicaemia, and describes the identification of a NM serogroup that is rare in Portugal in middle-aged patients.

A relação de ajuda como intervenção de enfermagem: Uma scoping review / The helping relationship as a nursing intervention: A scoping review / La relación de ayuda como intervención de enfermería: Una scoping review

INTRODUÇÃO: O conceito de “relação de ajuda” é amplamente utilizado pelos profissionais de Enfermagem e, sobretudo, pelos enfermeiros de Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria. Porém, existem lacunas no que diz respeito à sua definição e às suas características, o que dificulta a sua implementação na prestação de cuidados. OBJETIVO: Mapear a literatura relativa à relação de ajuda como intervenção de Enfermagem. MÉTODOS: realizada pesquisa na MEDLINE with full text via EBSCOhost, CINAHL Plus with full text via EBSCO, Web of Science Core Collection via Web of Science, Scopus via B-on, ScienceDirect via B-on e consulta das referências bibliográficas dos artigos incluídos. O instrumento de extração de dados foi elaborado com base no modelo preconizado pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTADOS: Pela pesquisa direta em bases de dados resultaram 729 artigos. Foram 13 os registos adicionais identificados através de outras fontes. O enfermeiro pode executar a relação de ajuda e para tal deve primar pela capacidade de escuta, empatia, aceitação e respeito. As principais necessidades nas quais a relação de ajuda profissional pode ser útil são a ansiedade, a tristeza e o luto. A concretização da relação de ajuda deve incluir um conjunto de sessões nas quais são executadas técnicas, como a escuta ativa. CONCLUSÕES: A relação de ajuda, no domínio da Enfermagem, visa satisfazer uma necessidade da pessoa sendo ela, necessariamente, detentora de todos os recursos para a resolução da mesma. Implica que o enfermeiro reúna um conjunto de atitudes e desenvolva diferentes ações para levar a cabo a relação de ajuda como intervenção de Enfermagem.

BACKGROUND: The concept of “helping relationship” is widely used by nursing professionals and, above all, by mental health and psychiatric nurses. However, there are gaps with regard to its definition and characteristics, which hinder its implementation in the provision of care. AIM: Map the literature on the helping relationship as a nursing intervention. METHODS: research conducted at MEDLINE with full text via EBSCOhost, CINAHL Plus with full text via EBSCO, Web of Science Core Collection via Web of Science, Scopus via B-on, ScienceDirect via B-on and consultation of the bibliographic references of the included articles. The data extraction instrument was developed based on the model recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS: Direct searches in databases resulted in 729 articles. There were 13 additional records identified through other sources. The nurse can execute the help relationship and, for that, he must excel in his ability to listen, empathize, accept and respect. The main needs in which the professional help relationship can be useful are anxiety, sadness and grief. The realization of the help relationship must include a set of sessions in which techniques are performed, such as active listening. CONCLUSIONS: The helping relationship, in the field of Nursing, aims to satisfy a person's need, being, necessarily, the holder of all the resources for its resolution. It implies that nurses gather a set of attitudes and develop different actions to carry out the help relationship as a Nursing intervention.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El concepto de "relación de ayuda" es ampliamente utilizado por los profesionales de enfermería y, sobre todo, por las enfermeras psiquiátricas y de salud mental. Sin embargo, existen lagunas con respecto a su definición y características, que dificultan su implementación en la provisión de atención. OBJETIVO: Mapear la literatura sobre la relación de ayuda como una intervención de enfermería. METODOLOGÍA: investigación realizada en MEDLINE with full text a través de EBSCOhost, CINAHL Plus with full text a través de EBSCO, Web of Science Core Collection a través de Web of Science, Scopusâ a través de B-on, ScienceDirect a través de B-on y consulta de las referencias bibliográficas de los artículos incluidos. El instrumento de extracción de datos fue desarrollado en base al modelo recomendado por el Instituto Joanna Briggs. RESULTADOS: Las búsquedas directas en las bases de datos dieron como resultado 729 artículos. Hubo 13 registros adicionales identificados a través de otras fuentes. La enfermera puede ejecutar la relación de ayuda y, para eso, debe sobresalir en su capacidad de escuchar, empatizar, aceptar y respetar. Las principales necesidades en las que la relación de ayuda profesional puede ser útil son la ansiedad, la tristeza y el dolor. La realización de la relación de ayuda debe incluir un conjunto de sesiones en las que se realizan técnicas, como la escucha activa. CONCLUSIONES: La relación de ayuda, en el campo de la Enfermería, tiene como objetivo satisfacer las necesidades de una persona, siendo, necesariamente, el titular de todos los recursos para su resolución. Implica que las enfermeras recopilan un conjunto de actitudes y desarrollan diferentes acciones para llevar a cabo la relación de ayuda como una intervención de enfermería.

Alendronic Acid as Ionic Liquid: New Perspective on Osteosarcoma.

Herein the quantitative synthesis of eight new mono- and dianionic Organic Salts and Ionic Liquids (OSILs) from alendronic acid (ALN) is reported by following two distinct sustainable and straightforward methodologies, according to the type of cation. The prepared ALN-OSILs were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and their solubility in water and biological fluids was determined. An evaluation of the toxicity towards human healthy cells and also human breast, lung and bone (osteosarcoma) cell lines was performed. Globally, it was observed that the monoanionic OSILs showed lower toxicity than the corresponding dianionic structures to all cell types. The highest cytotoxic effect was observed in OSILs containing a [C2OHMIM] cation, in particular [C2OHMIM][ALN]. The latter showed an improvement in IC50 values of ca. three orders of magnitude for the lung and bone cancer cell lines as well as fibroblasts in comparison with ALN. The development of OSILs with high cytotoxicity effect towards the tested cancer cell types, and containing an anti-resorbing molecule such as ALN may represent a promising strategy for the development of new pharmacological tools to be used in those pathological conditions.

A Novel Approach for Bisphosphonates: Ionic Liquids and Organic Salts from Zoledronic Acid.

Novel ionic liquids and organic salts based on mono- or dianionic zoledronate and protonated superbases, choline and n-alkylmethylimidazolium cations, were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and thermal analyses. Most of the prepared salts display amorphous structures and very high solubility in water and saline solutions, especially the dianionic salts. Among the zoledronate-based ionic compounds, those containing choline [Ch] and methoxyethylmethylimidazolium [C3 OMIM] cations appear to have significant cytotoxicity against human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and low toxicity toward healthy skin fibroblast cells. Because osteosarcoma is a bone pathology characterized by an increase in bone turnover rate, the results presented herein may be a promising starting point for the development of new ionic pharmaceutical drugs against osteosarcoma.

The effectiveness of positive mental health programs in adults: A systematic review.

A systematic review was conducted. So, electronic database including CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane-Central were explored in January 2017 and in October 2017. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, appraise and synthesize the best evidence for the effectiveness of programmes of positive mental health in adults. Mental health is regarded as an ideal functioning state of the human being, which emphasizes the relevance of promoting the person's qualities in the optimization of their potential. Mental health is not inert and definitive but a dynamic and variable state. Studies were reviewed and data extracted by two independent reviewers using Joanna Briggs Institute standardized critical appraisal and data extraction instruments. Six studies met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. However, a meta-analysis could not be performed. The results suggest that positive mental health programmes improve adults' mental condition, although there is neither evidence of content formalization nor of programme sessions criteria. The review findings indicate that interventions promoting positive mental health of young adults can be implemented effectively in community settings with various programmes and results.

Bisphosphonates and Cancer: A Relationship Beyond the Antiresorptive Effects.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are stable analogues of the Inorganic Pyrophosphate (PPi), an endogenous regulator of bone mineralization, which can resist the hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. Their conformation allows targeting the bone as a result of their three-dimensional structure, which makes them primary agents against osteoclast-mediated bone loss. They are used in many bone pathological conditions, like bone metastasis, because of its ability to modulate bone metabolism into a less favorable place to cancer cell growth, through the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. This review is focused on the mechanisms of action through which BPs affect the cellular activity and survival, mainly on their antitumoral effects. In conclusion, BPs are considered the primary therapy for skeletal disorders due to its high affinity for bone, but now they are also considered as potential antitumor agents due to its ability to induce tumor cell apoptosis, inhibition of cell adhesion, invasion and proliferation, modulation of the immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells as well as affect the angiogenic mechanisms. Like any other drug, they also have some adverse effects, but the most common, the acute phase reaction, can be minimized with the intake of calcium and vitamin D.

Public policies and the city: producing inclusive urban spaces / Las políticas públicas y la ciudad: produciendo espacios urbanos inclusivos / Políticas públicas e a cidade: produzindo espaços urbanos inclusivos

Abstract Research on cities have received increased attention over the years. Urban spaces are, on the one hand, a significant target of speculative financial investments and commodification of life, generating dynamics that are very difficult to contain within the competencies of local governments. At the same time, cities are the central space of everyday life, where there is resistance at many levels seeking to defend the conditions of living and subsistence of the majority of citizens. This special issue presents exciting contributions to the debate on public policies and the city. The articles published approach cities as urban spaces of diversity and encounters; the arena of discursive and material struggles; contradictory embeddedness of commodification and resistance; the focus of institutional disputes between exclusion and participation; and finally, changing spaces that respond to the need for new management technologies at a local level. Drawing on various theoretical frameworks and rich empirical discussions, this special issue reclaims cities as central spaces of everyday life, which are particularly important for protection and emancipation in a global scenario of uncertainty.

Resumen La investigación sobre las ciudades ha recibido una mayor atención a lo largo de los años. Los espacios urbanos son, por un lado, un objetivo principal de las inversiones financieras especulativas y de la mercantilización de la vida, generando dinámicas que son muy difíciles de contener dentro de las competencias de los gobiernos locales. Pero, al mismo tiempo, las ciudades son también el espacio central de la vida cotidiana, donde la resistencia se desarrolla en muchos niveles para defender las condiciones de vida y subsistencia de la mayoría de los ciudadanos. Este número especial reúne importantes contribuciones al debate sobre las políticas públicas y la ciudad que hacen avanzar a las ciudades como espacios urbanos de diferencias y encuentros, como el campo de las luchas discursivas y materiales, una inserción contradictoria de la mercantilización y la resistencia, el foco de disputas institucionales entre exclusión y participación, y finalmente un espacio cambiante que responde a la necesidad de nuevas tecnologías de gestión a nivel local. Basándose en diversos marcos teóricos y abundantes discusiones empíricas, reivindica las ciudades como espacios centrales de la vida cotidiana, que son particularmente importantes para la protección y la emancipación en un escenario global de incertidumbre.

Resumo Pesquisas sobre cidades têm recebido maior atenção ao longo dos anos. Os espaços urbanos são, por um lado, um grande alvo de investimentos financeiros especulativos e mercantilização da vida, gerando dinâmicas que são muito difíceis de conter dentro das competências dos governos locais. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, as cidades também são o espaço central da vida cotidiana, onde a resistência é travada em muitos níveis para defender as condições de vida e subsistência da maioria dos cidadãos. Esse número especial reúne importantes contribuições para o debate sobre políticas públicas e a cidade que trabalham as cidades como espaços urbanos de diferença e encontro; arena das lutas discursivas e materiais; imersão contraditória de mercantilização e resistência; foco das disputas institucionais entre exclusão e participação; e espaço em constante transformação que responde à necessidade de novas tecnologias de gestão em nível local. Com base em arcabouços teóricos variados e discussões empíricas ricas, este número resgata então a noção de cidades como espaços centrais da vida cotidiana, que são particularmente importantes para proteção e emancipação em um cenário global de incerteza.

Composição centesimal e aceitação de linguiças suínas elaboradas com polpa de pequi / Centesimal composition and acceptance of pork sausages elaborated with pequi pulp

Objetivou-se avaliar a aceitabilidade e composição centesimal de linguiças desenvolvidas a partir de carne suína, contendo diferentes níveis de polpa de pequi. Para o processamento foram utilizados os ingredientes carne suína, toucinho, polpa de pequi, açúcar, alho, pimenta e sal. Foram estabelecidos quatro tratamentos conforme os níveis de pequi presentes: 1-0% de polpa de pequi (controle); 2-2,5% de polpa de pequi; 3-5% de polpa de pequi e 4-7,5% de polpa de pequi. Foram analisados o pH, lipídios, matéria seca, umidade, cinzas e proteínas. As análises sensoriais foram feitas por 119 provadores não treinados e os atributos avaliados foram aroma, sabor, cor e textura. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada pelo software ASSISTAT e aplicado o teste de Tukey. Os resultados da análise físico-química não diferiram entre os tratamentos. A avaliação sensorial demonstrou que as linguiças suínas contendo 5% de polpa de pequi foram melhores aceitas, quanto aos atributos sabor e aroma. A inclusão de pequi em até 5% agradou ao consumidor e constitui-se em alternativa para diversificação dos sabores de linguiça suína.

Poultry litter of wood shavings and/or sugarcane bagasse: animal performance and bed quality / Cama de viruta de madera y/o bagazo de caña de azúcar para pollo: desempeño animal y calidad de la cama / Cama composta por maravalha e/ou bagaço de cana de açúcar para frangos: desempenho animal e qualidade da cama

Background: litter provides comfort to animals while improving productive performance and carcass quality. Objective: this study evaluated broiler performance, incidence of contact dermatitis, and quality of poultry litter of wood shavings and/or sugarcane bagasse (SB) after five consecutive flocks. Methods: two thousand birds were raised in five consecutive flocks composed of 400 chicks each. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of substituting wood shavings with different levels of SB (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). Results: litter density, pH, dry matter content, total nitrogen, and phosphorus did not vary between treatments. However, substituting wood shavings with SB increased moisture retention capacity of the litter and ammonia production. Neither carcass lesions nor productive performance, with the exception of weight gain and feed conversion ratio in the fifth flock, differed between treatments. Conclusions: substituting 75% of wood shavings with SB maintained litter quality and improved poultry performance.

Antecedentes: la cama propicia el confort y mejora el desempeño productivo y la calidad de la canal de los pollos de engorde. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el desempeño productivo de pollos de engorde, la incidencia de dermatitis de contacto en la canal y la calidad de la cama de pollo compuesta de viruta de madera y/o bagazo de caña de azúcar (SB), usada en cinco lotes consecutivos. Métodos: dos mil aves fueron criadas en cinco lotes consecutivos, cada uno constituido por 400 pollitos, en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en diferentes niveles de sustitución de viruta de madera con SB (0, 25, 50, 75 y 100%). Resultados: la densidad, pH y contenidos de materia seca, nitrógeno total y fósforo no variaron entre los tratamientos. Sin embargo, sustituir viruta de madera con SB aumentó la capacidad de retención de humedad y la cantidad de amoníaco volatilizado en el galpón. Ni las lesiones en la canal y ni el desempeño productivo, con excepción de la ganancia de peso y conversión alimentaria en el quinto lote, difirieron entre los tratamientos. Conclusiones: sustituir 75% de la viruta de madera con SB mantuvo la calidad de la cama y mejoró el desempeño productivo de las aves.

Antecedentes: cama de frango propicia conforto e melhora o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade da carcaça das aves. Objetivo: este estudo avaliou o desempenho produtivo de frangos de corte, a incidência de dermatite de contato na carcaça e a qualidade da cama de frango composta de maravalha e/ou bagaço de cana (SB), usada em cinco lotes consecutivos. Métodos: duas mil aves foram criadas em cinco lotes consecutivos, compostos de 400 pintinhos cada, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de diferentes níveis de substituição de maravalha com BC (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%). Resultados: densidade, pH e teores de matéria seca, nitrogênio total e fósforo não variaram entre os tratamentos. Entretanto, substituir maravalha com SB aumentou a capacidade de retenção de umidade e a quantidade de amônia volatilizada no galpão. Nem as lesões na carcaça e nem o desempenho produtivo, com exceção do ganho de peso e conversão alimentar no quinto lote, diferiram entre os tratamentos. Conclusões: substituir 75% da maravalha com SB manteve a qualidade da cama e melhorou o desempenho produtivo das aves.

Dose-dependent inhibitory effects of proton pump inhibitors on human osteoclastic and osteoblastic cell activity.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a class of molecules that are used to decrease gastric acid production, might have adverse effects on bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to characterize the concentration-dependent and time-dependent effects of three PPIs (omeprazole, esomeprazole, and lansoprazole) on human osteoclast precursor cells isolated from peripheral blood, and on human mesenchymal stem cells (osteoblast precursors). Cell cultures were characterized for total protein content, apoptosis, and several osteoclastic/osteoblastic features, and also for the involvement of some intracellular signaling pathways. PPIs caused a dose-dependent decrease in cellular density, which correlated with an increase in the apoptosis rate, effects that became statistically significant at concentrations ≥ 10(-5) m. They also inhibited phenotype-related gene expression and functional parameters. For both cell types, cellular function, i.e. osteoclastic resorption and the formation of mineralized deposits by osteoblastic cells, was more affected than proliferation-related parameters. The three PPIs showed similar qualitative and quantitative effects, but displayed some differences in the underlying intracellular signaling pathways. These results suggest that PPIs might have a direct deleterious effect on bone cells, with the possibility of decreased bone turnover.

O contexto das brincadeiras das crianças ribeirinhas da Ilha do Combu / The context of riverine children plays on Combu Island

O presente estudo descreve o contexto das brincadeiras de pré-escolares da Ilha do Combu, em Belém-Pará, destacando aspectos do ambiente físico e social, as principais atividades dos adultos e peculiaridades das brincadeiras. Participaram da pesquisa treze crianças de uma turma de educação infantil, onze meninos e duas meninas, entre quatro e cinco anos de idade. As crianças e seus familiares foram entrevistados. As crianças foram observadas brincando em suas casas. Foram analisados os temas, os parceiros, os locais, os objetos e os significados produzidos nas brincadeiras. Apesar de estarem em contato com o contexto urbano, as crianças mostraram-se vinculadas, principalmente, ao contexto ribeirinho.

This study describes the context of plays among preschoolers on Combu Island, near Belém, PA, focusing on aspects of physical and social environment as well as the main activities of adults and the peculiarities of the make-believe play. Thirteen children (11 boys and 2 girls,) aged between four and five years old participated in the research. The children and their relatives were interviewed, and the group was observed while playing at their homes. The play was analyzed with reference to the themes, their peer group, the location, the objects involved, and the implicit meaning in each activity. Although the children were in close contact with an urban setting, they showed a strong affinity with their riverine environment.

O contexto das brincadeiras das crianças ribeirinhas da Ilha do Combu / The context of riverine children plays on Combu Island

O presente estudo descreve o contexto das brincadeiras de pré-escolares da Ilha do Combu, em Belém-Pará, destacando aspectos do ambiente físico e social, as principais atividades dos adultos e peculiaridades das brincadeiras. Participaram da pesquisa treze crianças de uma turma de educação infantil, onze meninos e duas meninas, entre quatro e cinco anos de idade. As crianças e seus familiares foram entrevistados. As crianças foram observadas brincando em suas casas. Foram analisados os temas, os parceiros, os locais, os objetos e os significados produzidos nas brincadeiras. Apesar de estarem em contato com o contexto urbano, as crianças mostraram-se vinculadas, principalmente, ao contexto ribeirinho.(AU)

This study describes the context of plays among preschoolers on Combu Island, near Belém, PA, focusing on aspects of physical and social environment as well as the main activities of adults and the peculiarities of the make-believe play. Thirteen children (11 boys and 2 girls,) aged between four and five years old participated in the research. The children and their relatives were interviewed, and the group was observed while playing at their homes. The play was analyzed with reference to the themes, their peer group, the location, the objects involved, and the implicit meaning in each activity. Although the children were in close contact with an urban setting, they showed a strong affinity with their riverine environment.(AU)