Safety, Effectiveness, and Immunogenicity 6 Months After BNT162B2 mRNA Vaccine in Frail Nursing Home Residents.

BACKGROUND: Elderly people who reside in long-term care facilities form a frail and vulnerable population, with multiple pathologies and high percentages of cognitive and functional disability. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the safety of vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in frail nursing home residents and to evaluate its effectiveness 6 months after full vaccination. DESIGN: This was an ambispective observational study. SETTING: Residents of a long-term care facility in Madrid, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and thirty-seven nursing home residents (81.8% female, mean age 87.77 ± 8.31 years) with high comorbidity (61.3% Charlson Index ≥ 3) and frailty (75% Clinical Frail Scale ≥ 7) who received the BNT162B2 mRNA vaccine. MEASUREMENTS: Safety data were collected to evaluate the type of adverse drug reactions and their duration, severity, and causality. Immunogenicity was tested 6 months after the primary vaccination and effectiveness was evaluated by the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the number of hospital admissions, and mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESULTS: Safety: Of the residents, 21.9% had some adverse reaction and 5.8% had a severe or more serious adverse reaction. The most frequent adverse reactions were fatigue (13.1%), pyrexia (12.4%), and headache (7.3%). No association was observed between frailty (including a need for palliative care) and clinical, functional or cognitive status of the participants and the occurrence of adverse events. Immunogenicity and Effectiveness: After 6 months of vaccination, only one case of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in the vaccinated residents. Most of the nursing home residents presented positive serology (95.2%). Loss of immunogenicity was associated with older age (95.12 ± 3.97 vs. 87.24 ± 8.25 years; p = 0.03) and no previous COVID-19 infection (16.6% vs. 70%; p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression models did not reveal this association. CONCLUSION: The BNT162B2 vaccine is well tolerated and effective in nursing home residents, independently of their clinical, functional, cognitive, or frailty characteristics. For the most part, immunogenicity has been maintained over time, regardless of comorbidity, functional status or frailty.

Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescription in community-dwelling patients with advanced dementia and palliative care needs.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescription (PIP) in older people with advanced dementia, monitored by a Geriatric Home Care Unit (GHC), as well as the associated risk factors and costs. METHODS: Community-dwelling patients ≥65 years with an advanced dementia diagnosis (GDS-FAST≥7a) and poor 1-year vital prognosis (Frail-VIG≥0.6) were included. Pharmacotherapy history was reviewed retrospectively, collecting functional and cognitive status, on the first GHC visit, of patients assessed January 2016-January 2019. Potentially inappropriate medication was defined following STOPP-Frail criteria. RESULTS: 100 patients included (76% women, 89.15±5.8 years). Total medications prescribed 760 (7.63±3.4 drugs per patient). 85% patients were given at least one drug considered to be PIP. 26% (196) of the total drugs registered were PIPs. Patients who were prescribed an inappropriate drug showed a higher number of total prescribed drugs (7.92±3.42 vs 6.00±2.24; p 0.04) and a higher frequency of polypharmacy (84.7% vs 60%; p 0.025). Risk of receiving inappropriate medication increased by 24% for each additional drug prescribed (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.01-1.52; p 0.04). The costs associated with PIP were 113.99 euros per 100 patients/day; 41,606.35 euros per 100 patients/year. CONCLUSIONS: Prescription of PIP to community-dwelling patients with severe dementia and poor vital prognosis is common and is associated with high economic impact in this population group.

Encuesta sobre el uso del sulfato de zinc en nutrición parenteral en los hospitales españoles / Survey on the use of zinc sulfate in parenteral nutrition in spanish hospitals

Objetivo: En determinadas situaciones, los pacientes subsidiarios de nutrición parenteral pueden tener un incremento en la demanda de zinc (Zn). El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el alcance de la utilización del sulfato de Zn en pacientes con nutrición parenteral en los hospitales españoles. Método: Se diseñó una encuesta centrada en la incorporación del sulfato de Zn en nutrición parenteral, en condiciones de práctica reales, en la población adulta y pediátrica. Se preguntó por el número de nutrición parenteral suplementadas con zinc en el último año, por las dosis utilizadas, así como por las situaciones en las que se añadía a la fórmula de nutrición parenteral. La encuesta se realizó mediante entrevista telefónica a los facultativos responsables de las unidades de nutrición parenteral. Resultados: Respondieron a la encuesta el 53,9% (n=69) de los hospitales contactados. El 60,9% incorporó sulfato de Zn en la nutrición parenteral de adultos, y el 76,2% lo empleó en pacientes pediátricos. En adultos, el 31,1% lo utilizó para completar la dosis aportada por la solución de oligoelementos, el 46,7% suplementó Zn en pacientes con pérdidas intestinales elevadas y el 28,6% en pacientes críticos con alto grado de estrés metabólico. La pauta de suplementación mayoritaria fue la de 10 mg/día (55,6%). En la población pediátrica, las ampollas de Zn se emplearon principalmente en los neonatos pretérmino, siendo las dosis más utilizadas las de 200 mcg/kg/día y 400 mcg/kg/día (42,6% y 23,4%, respectivamente). Conclusiones: El empleo de sulfato de zinc en la nutrición parenteral de adultos para completar las dosis sugiere que las soluciones de oligoelementos podrían ser deficitarias en Zn. Su uso como suplemento en la nutrición parenteral de adultos no constituye una práctica extendida en los protocolos de soporte nutricional especializado en los hospitales españoles, destacando su bajo empleo en pacientes con catabolismo importante (AU)

Objective: In certain situations parenteral nutrition subsidiary patients may have an increase in zinc demand (Zn). The objective of the study was to know the scope of the use of Zn sulfate in patients with parenteral nutrition in Spanish hospitals. Method: A survey was designed focusing on the incorporation of Zn sulfate into parenteral nutrition, under real practice conditions, in the adult and pediatric population. We asked about the number of parenteral nutrition supplemented with zinc in the last year, by the doses used, and the situations in which it was added to parenteral nutrition formula. The survey was conducted by telephone interview to the pharmacists responsible for the parenteral nutrition units. Results: A total of 53.9% (n=69) of the contacted hospitals responded to the survey. 60.9% incorporated Zn sulfate into the parenteral nutrition of adults, and 76.2% used it in pediatric patients. In adults, 31.1% used Zn to complete the dose provided by the solution of trace elements, 46.7% supplemented Zn in patients with high intestinal losses, and 28.6% did it in critically ill patients with a high degree of metabolic stress. The majority supplementation regimen was 10 mg/day (55.6%). In the pediatric population Zn ampules were used mainly in preterm infants, with the most used doses being 200 mcg/kg/day and 400 mcg/kg/day (42.6% and 23.4%, respectively). Conclusions: The use of zinc sulfate in adult parenteral nutrition to complete the dosages suggests that solutions of trace elements could be deficient in Zn. Its use as a supplement in adult parenteral nutrition is not an extended practice in specialized nutritional support protocols in Spanish hospitals, highlighting its low employment in patients with significant catabolism (AU)

Survey on the use of zinc sulfate in parenteral nutrition in spanish hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: In certain situations parenteral nutrition subsidiary patients may  have an increase in zinc demand (Zn). The objective of the study was to know  the scope of the use of Zn sulfate in patients with parenteral nutrition in Spanish hospitals. METHOD: A survey was designed focusing on the incorporation of Zn sulfate into  parenteral nutrition, under real practice conditions, in the adult and pediatric  population. We asked about the number of parenteral nutrition supplemented  with zinc in the last year, by the doses used, and the situations in which it was  added to parenteral nutrition formula. The survey was conducted by telephone  interview to the pharmacists responsible for the parenteral nutrition units. RESULTS: A total of 53.9% (n = 69) of the contacted hospitals responded to the  survey. 60.9% incorporated Zn sulfate into the parenteral nutrition of adults,  and 76.2% used it in pediatric patients. In adults, 31.1% used Zn to complete  the dose provided by the solution of trace elements, 46.7% supplemented Zn in  patients with high intestinal losses, and 28.6% did it in critically ill patients with  a high degree of metabolic stress. The majority supplementation regimen was  10 mg/day (55.6%). In the pediatric population Zn ampules were used mainly in preterm infants, with the most used doses being 200 mcg/kg/day and 400  mcg/kg/day (42.6% and 23.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The use of zinc sulfate in adult parenteral nutrition to complete  the dosages suggests that solutions of trace elements could be deficient in Zn.  Its use as a supplement in adult parenteral nutrition is not an extended practice  in specialized nutritional support protocols in Spanish hospitals, highlighting its  low employment in patients with significant catabolism.

Objetivo: En determinadas situaciones, los pacientes subsidiarios de nutrición  parenteral pueden tener un incremento en la demanda de zinc (Zn). El objetivo  del estudio fue conocer el alcance de la utilización del sulfato de Zn en pacientes con nutrición parenteral en los hospitales españoles.Método: Se diseñó una encuesta centrada en la incorporación del sulfato de Zn  en nutrición parenteral, en condiciones de práctica reales, en la población adulta  y pediátrica. Se preguntó por el número de nutrición parenteral suplementadas  con zinc en el último año, por las dosis utilizadas, así como por las situaciones  en las que se añadía a la fórmula de nutrición parenteral. La encuesta se realizó  mediante entrevista telefónica a los facultativos responsables de las unidades de nutrición parenteral. Resultados: Respondieron a la encuesta el 53,9% (n = 69)  de los  hospitales contactados. El 60,9% incorporó sulfato de Zn en la nutrición  parenteral de adultos, y el 76,2% lo empleó en pacientes pediátricos. En  adultos, el 31,1% lo utilizó para completar la dosis aportada por la solución de oligoelementos, el 46,7% suplementó Zn en pacientes con pérdidas  intestinales elevadas y el 28,6% en pacientes críticos con alto grado de estrés metabólico. La pauta de suplementación mayoritaria fue la de 10 mg/día (55,6%). En la población pediátrica, las ampollas de Zn se emplearon  principalmente en los neonatos pretérmino, siendo las dosis más utilizadas las  de 200 mcg/kg/día y 400 mcg/kg/día (42,6% y 23,4%, respectivamente).Conclusiones: El empleo de sulfato de zinc en la nutrición parenteral de adultos para completar las dosis sugiere que las soluciones de oligoelementos podrían  ser deficitarias en Zn. Su uso como suplemento en la nutrición parenteral de  adultos no constituye una práctica extendida en los protocolos de soporte  nutricional especializado en los hospitales españoles, destacando su bajo empleo en pacientes con catabolismo importante.

Ginecomastia secundaria a rofecoxib / Gynecomastia secondary to rofecoxib

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