Mortality prediction using TRISS methodology in the Spanish ICU Trauma Registry (RETRAUCI) / Predicción de la mortalidad a través de la metodología TRISS en el Registro Español de Trauma en UCI (RETRAUCI)

OBJECTIVES: To validate Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) methodology as an auditing tool in the Spanish ICU Trauma Registry (RETRAUCI). DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter registry evaluation was carried out. SETTING: Thirteen Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICUs). PATIENTS: Individuals with traumatic disease and available data admitted to the participating ICUs. INTERVENTIONS: Predicted mortality using TRISS methodology was compared with that observed in the pilot phase of the RETRAUCI from November 2012 to January 2015. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the corresponding areas under the curves (AUCs) (95% CI), with calibration using the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) goodness-of-fit test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Main variables of interest: Predicted and observed mortality. RESULTS: A total of 1405 patients were analyzed. The observed mortality rate was 18% (253 patients), while the predicted mortality rate was 16.9%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.889 (95% CI: 0.867-0.911). Patients with blunt trauma (n=1305) had an area under the ROC curve of 0.887 (95% CI: 0.864-0.910), and those with penetrating trauma (n=100) presented an area under the curve of 0.919 (95% CI: 0.859-0.979). In the global sample, the HL test yielded a value of 25.38 (p = 0.001): 27.35 (p < 0.0001) in blunt trauma and 5.91 (p = 0.658) in penetrating trauma. TRISS methodology underestimated mortality in patients with low predicted mortality and overestimated mortality in patients with high predicted mortality. CONCLUSIONS: TRISS methodology in the evaluation of severe trauma in Spanish ICUs showed good discrimination, with inadequate calibration - particularly in blunt trauma

Objetivos: Evaluar el Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) como instrumento de auditoría en el Registro Español de Trauma en UCI. Diseño: Evaluación prospectiva de un registro multicéntrico. Ámbito: Trece UCI españolas. Pacientes: Individuos con enfermedad traumática y datos completos ingresados en las UCI participantes. Intervenciones: Comparamos la mortalidad predicha por el TRISS con la observada en la fase piloto del Registro Español de Trauma en UCI desde noviembre de 2012 hasta enero de 2015. La discriminación se evaluó mediante curvas receiver operating characteristic y el valor bajo su área (IC 95%), y la calibración, mediante el test de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow. Un valor de p<0,05 se consideró significativo. Principales variables de interés: Mortalidad observada y predicha. Resultados: Analizamos 1.405 pacientes. La mortalidad observada fue del 18% (253 pacientes), mientras que la predicha fue del 16,9%. El área bajo la curva receiver operating characteristic fue de 0,889 (IC 95% 0,867-0,911). Los pacientes con trauma cerrado (n=1.305) presentaron un área bajo la curva receiver operating characteristic de 0,887 (IC 95% 0,864-0,910), y aquellos con traumatismo penetrante (n=100), de 0,919 (IC 95% 0,859-0,979). En la muestra global, el test de Hosmer-Lemeshow mostró un valor de 25,38 (p=0,001), siendo de 27,35 (p<0,0001) en trauma cerrado y de 5,91 (p=0,658) en trauma penetrante. La metodología TRISS infraestimó la mortalidad en los pacientes con mortalidad predicha baja y la sobreestimó en pacientes con mortalidad predicha elevada. Conclusiones: La aplicación de la metodología TRISS en el trauma grave ingresado en las UCI españolas mostró buenos niveles de discriminación y una calibración inadecuada, especialmente en el traumatismo cerrado (AU)

Epidemiología del trauma grave en España. Registro de Trauma en UCI (RETRAUCI). Fase piloto / Epidemiology of severe trauma in Spain. Registry of trauma in the ICU (RETRAUCI). Pilot phase

OBJETIVO: Describir las características de la enfermedad traumática grave (ETG) y su atención en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) españolas. DISEÑO: Registro multicéntrico y prospectivo. Ámbito: Trece UCI españolas. PACIENTES: Pacientes con ETG ingresados en UCI participantes. INTERVENCIONES: Ninguna. Variables de interés principales: Aspectos epidemiológicos, atención prehospitalaria, registro de lesiones, consumo de recursos, complicaciones y evolución final. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a 2.242 pacientes con 47,1±19,02 años de edad media, 79% hombres. Fue trauma contuso en 93,9%. El Injury Severity Score fue de 22,2±12,1 y el Revised Trauma Score de 6,7±1,6. Fue no intencionado en el 84,4%. Las causas más frecuentes fueron accidentes de tráfico, caídas y precipitaciones. Un 12,4% tomaban antiagregantes o anticoagulantes y en casi un 28% se implicó el consumo de tóxicos. Un 31,5% precisaron una vía aérea artificial en medio prehospitalario. El tiempo medio hasta el ingreso en UCI fue de 4,7±5,3 h. Al ingreso en UCI un 68,5% se encontraba estable hemodinámicamente. Predominó el traumatismo craneal y torácico. Hubo un importante número de complicaciones y en el 69,5% de los casos necesidad de ventilación mecánica (media 8,2±9,9 días). De ellos, un 24,9% precisaron traqueotomía. Las estancias en UCI y hospitalarias fueron respectivamente de mediana 5 (3-13) días y 9 (5-19) días. La mortalidad en UCI fue del 12,3% y la hospitalaria del 16%. CONCLUSIONES: La fase piloto del RETRAUCI muestra una imagen inicial de la epidemiología y atención del paciente con ETG ingresado en las UCI de nuestro país

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and management of severe trauma disease in Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Registry of trauma in the ICU (RETRAUCI). Pilot phase. DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter registry. SETTING: Thirteen Spanish ICUs. PATIENTS: Patients with trauma disease admitted to the ICU. INTERVENTIONS: None. Main variables of interest: Epidemiology, out-of-hospital attention, registry of injuries, resources utilization, complications and outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients, n=2242. Mean age 47.1±19.02 years. Males 79%. Blunt trauma 93.9%. Injury Severity Score 22.2±12.1, Revised Trauma Score 6.7±1.6. Non-intentional in 84.4% of the cases. The most common causes of trauma were traffic accidents followed by pedestrian and high-energy falls. Up to 12.4% were taking antiplatelet medication or anticoagulants. Almost 28% had a suspected or confirmed toxic influence in trauma. Up to 31.5% required an out-of-hospital artificial airway. The time from trauma to ICU admission was 4.7±5.3hours. At ICU admission, 68.5% were hemodynamically stable. Brain and chest injuries predominated. A large number of complications were documented. Mechanical ventilation was used in 69.5% of the patients (mean 8.2±9.9 days), of which 24.9% finally required a tracheostomy. The median duration of stay in the ICU and in hospital was 5 (range 3-13) and 9 (5-19) days, respectively. The ICU mortality rate was 12.3%, while the in-hospital mortality rate was 16.0%. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot phase of the RETRAUCI offers a first impression of the epidemiology and management of trauma disease in Spanish ICUs

Mortality prediction using TRISS methodology in the Spanish ICU Trauma Registry (RETRAUCI).

OBJECTIVES: To validate Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) methodology as an auditing tool in the Spanish ICU Trauma Registry (RETRAUCI). DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter registry evaluation was carried out. SETTING: Thirteen Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICUs). PATIENTS: Individuals with traumatic disease and available data admitted to the participating ICUs. INTERVENTIONS: Predicted mortality using TRISS methodology was compared with that observed in the pilot phase of the RETRAUCI from November 2012 to January 2015. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the corresponding areas under the curves (AUCs) (95% CI), with calibration using the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) goodness-of-fit test. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Predicted and observed mortality. RESULTS: A total of 1405 patients were analyzed. The observed mortality rate was 18% (253 patients), while the predicted mortality rate was 16.9%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.889 (95% CI: 0.867-0.911). Patients with blunt trauma (n=1305) had an area under the ROC curve of 0.887 (95% CI: 0.864-0.910), and those with penetrating trauma (n=100) presented an area under the curve of 0.919 (95% CI: 0.859-0.979). In the global sample, the HL test yielded a value of 25.38 (p=0.001): 27.35 (p<0.0001) in blunt trauma and 5.91 (p=0.658) in penetrating trauma. TRISS methodology underestimated mortality in patients with low predicted mortality and overestimated mortality in patients with high predicted mortality. CONCLUSIONS: TRISS methodology in the evaluation of severe trauma in Spanish ICUs showed good discrimination, with inadequate calibration - particularly in blunt trauma.

Epidemiology of severe trauma in Spain. Registry of trauma in the ICU (RETRAUCI). Pilot phase. / Epidemiología del trauma grave en España. REgistro de TRAuma en UCI (RETRAUCI). Fase piloto.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and management of severe trauma disease in Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Registry of trauma in the ICU (RETRAUCI). Pilot phase. DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter registry. SETTING: Thirteen Spanish ICUs. PATIENTS: Patients with trauma disease admitted to the ICU. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Epidemiology, out-of-hospital attention, registry of injuries, resources utilization, complications and outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients, n=2242. Mean age 47.1±19.02 years. Males 79%. Blunt trauma 93.9%. Injury Severity Score 22.2±12.1, Revised Trauma Score 6.7±1.6. Non-intentional in 84.4% of the cases. The most common causes of trauma were traffic accidents followed by pedestrian and high-energy falls. Up to 12.4% were taking antiplatelet medication or anticoagulants. Almost 28% had a suspected or confirmed toxic influence in trauma. Up to 31.5% required an out-of-hospital artificial airway. The time from trauma to ICU admission was 4.7±5.3hours. At ICU admission, 68.5% were hemodynamically stable. Brain and chest injuries predominated. A large number of complications were documented. Mechanical ventilation was used in 69.5% of the patients (mean 8.2±9.9 days), of which 24.9% finally required a tracheostomy. The median duration of stay in the ICU and in hospital was 5 (range 3-13) and 9 (5-19) days, respectively. The ICU mortality rate was 12.3%, while the in-hospital mortality rate was 16.0%. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot phase of the RETRAUCI offers a first impression of the epidemiology and management of trauma disease in Spanish ICUs.

[Varicella pneumonia in adults: 30 cases]. / Neumonía varicelosa en adultos: 30 casos.

OBJECTIVES: During the past 10 years, 30 adults (age > 15 years) were treated for varicella pneumonia in our centre. METHODS: There were 16 males and 14 females. Ages ranged from 15 to 58 years (mean, 32.73+/-7.67 years). Twenty-seven patients (90%) were non-pregnant adult smokers and three patients (10%) were pregnant women. The hospital stay ranged from 4 to 57 days (mean, 14.96+/-12.02 days). RESULTS: Seven patients (23.3%) were managed in the intensive care unit and two patients (6,6%) required mechanical ventilation. The most common radiographic findings were interstitial infiltrates in twenty-one patients (70%) and interstitial-alveolar infiltrates in seven patients (23.3%). Physical examination of the chest did not reveal abnormalities in twenty patients (66,6%). Fifteen patients (50%) were severely hipoxic with pO2/FiO2 ratio less than 300. Twelve patients (40%) presented thrombocytopenia and fifteen (50%) presented hyponatremia. The most frequent clinical features included: fever (100%), dry cough (86.6%), dysnea (66.6%) and chest pain (50%). One patient (3.3%) died. Three patients (10%) developed asthma and one other patient developed pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with an increase incidence of varicella pneumonia in adults. A chest x-ray should be practised in all cases of varicella in adults and they all should also be admitted to hospital. Intravenous aciclovir is recommended for treatment of varicella pneumonia in adults and in seriously ill patients the association of corticosteroids should be considered.

Neumonía varicelosa en adultos: 30 casos / Varicella pneumonia in adults: 30 cases

Objetivos: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes >15 años que ingresaron en nuestro hospital por neumonía varicelosa en los últimos 10 años. Métodos: Se incluyeron 30 pacientes, 16 varones y 14 mujeres. La edad media era de 32,73 ± 7,67 años (Rango: 15-58). El 90 por ciento eran fumadores y 3 estaban embarazadas. La estancia media en el hospital fue de 14,96 ± 12,02 días (Rango: 4-57). Resultados: Ingresaron en UCI 7 pacientes y 2 necesitaron ventilación mecánica. El infiltrado intersticial (70 por ciento) y el alveolo-intersticial (23 por ciento) fueron los patrones radiológicos más frecuentes. La auscultación pulmonar fue normal en 2/3. Los hallazgos clínicos más frecuentes fueron: fiebre (100 por ciento), tos seca (86,6 por ciento), disnea (66,6 por ciento) y dolor pleurítico (50 por ciento). El índice pO2/FiO2 fue <=300 en 15 casos. El 50 por ciento presentaron hiponatremia y el 40 por ciento trombopenia. Falleció un paciente, otro evolucionó a una fibrosis pulmonar y tres desarrollaron, posteriormente, asma. Conclusiones: La neumonía varicelosa en adultos suele presentarse en individuos fumadores. Se debe realizar Rx tórax a todos los pacientes adultos con varicela e ingresar las neumonías. El tratamiento de elección es el Aciclovir endovenoso y en enfermos graves puede considerarse la asociación de corticoides (AU)