Holistic nursing care practice and associated factors among nurses in public hospitals of Wolaita zone, South Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Holistic nursing care is an approach to patient care that takes into account the physical, social, spiritual, and psychological needs of the patient. Providing holistic care has been found to be an effective way to prevent diseases and death, as well as improve the quality of healthcare provided to patients. However, despite its perceived benefits, many nurses lack experience with holistic care and only focus on patients' physical needs, treating them as biological machines while ignoring their spiritual, mental, and social needs. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the practice of holistic nursing care and its associated factors among nurses. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 sampled Nurses working in public hospitals in Wolaita Zone. Systematic random sampling was applied to select the study participants. A self-administered, pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with holistic nursing care practice. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05. The strength of the association was indicated by the AOR and 95% CI. RESULT: The study found that the overall practice of holistic nursing care was 21%. Nurses with a diploma in nursing (AOR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.71), nurses working in a hospital with no continuous in-service learning (AOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.76), nurses with a poor relationship with patients (AOR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.58), and nurses with poor knowledge of holistic nursing care practice (AOR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.7) were factors associated with a lower likelihood of practicing holistic nursing care. CONCLUSION: This study found that the practice of holistic nursing care among nurses working in public hospitals in the Wolaita Zone was low. Level of education, the unit of work, continuous in-service learning, the nurse-patient relationship, and the knowledge of nurses were factors associated with holistic nursing care. The provision of in-service training and the creation of trusting, positive relationships were suggested to improve the practice of holistic nursing care.

Mothers' health care seeking behavior for neonatal danger sign in southern Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Over the previous few decades, significant progress has been made in reducing newborn mortality, but the worldwide scale of the problem remains high. A considerable number of newborn death and difficulties owing to neonatal danger signs could be avoided if mothers sought appropriate health care for common neonatal risk indications, according to a number of studies presently underway in Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess health care seeking behavior of mothers' in related to neonatal danger signs. METHOD: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 participants in Wolaita Sodo, From October 1 to October 30, 2019. To collect data, structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used. Data was coded, cleaned, recoded and entered in to epi-data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS window version 21 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was carried out and p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT: A total of 410 mothers participated in this study, 110 (47.6%) mothers preferred health intuition for their neonate. Husband educational status (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.1, 5.5), communication media (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI = 2.4, 7.5), place of residence (AOR = 3.5, 95% C.I = 1.9, 6.7), ANC follow up (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.4, 5.8), and PNC follow (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.1) were all factors that significantly associated with health care seeking practice neonatal dander signs. CONCLUSION: Overall, there was a low degree of health-seeking practice. The educational status of the mother's husband, communication media, residence, ANC follow-up, and PNC follow-up all predicted the mothers' health-care seeking behavior. The study also identifies the Wolaita Zone and Sodo town health offices, the health development army, one to five local community organizations with and health extension workers as key contributors.

Time to Diabetic Nephropathy and its Predictors Among Diabetic Patients Treated in Wolaita and Dawuro Zone Hospitals, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) develops in nearly half of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and one-third of those with type 1 DM during their lifetime. The incidence of DKD as a cause of end stage renal disease is increasing each year. So this study aimed to assess the time to develop diabetic nephropathy and predictors among diabetic patients treated in Wolaita zone hospitals. Methodology: A ten-year retrospective cohort study had conducted among 614 diabetic patients using systematic random sampling in Wolaita and Dawuro zone hospitals. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression had used to identify the possible associations between variables. Those variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in bivariable analysis exported to multivariable Cox regression analysis. Finally, variables with p-value less than 0.05 at multivariable Cox regression were considered significantly significant. The Cox-proportional hazard model assumption had checked using the Schoenfeld residual test. Results: Of the total participants, 93 (15.3%; 95% CI = 12.45-18.14) patients had developed nephropathy in 820,048 people year observation. A mean time to diabetic nephropathy in this study was 189.63 (95% CI, 185.01, 194.25) months. Being illiterate (AHR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.34-3.66), being hypertensive (AHR: 5.76, 95% CI: 3.39-9.59), and being urban dwellers (AHR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.34-3.77) increases the hazard of nephropathy. Conclusion: According to this follow-up study, the overall incidence rate is substantially high over ten year follow-up period. The mean time to develop diabetic nephropathy was sixteen years. Educational status, place of residence, and being hypertensive were the predictors. So stakeholders should work on complication reduction measures and awareness creation of the impact of comorbidities.

Mothers' Care-Seeking Behavior for Common Childhood Illnesses and Its Predictors in Ethiopia: Meta-Analysis.

Background: Healthcare-seeking interventions can potentially reduce child mortality; however, many children die in developing countries without reaching a health facility. The World Health Organization reported that 70% of child deaths are related to delay care-seeking. So, this review is aimed at identifying mothers' care-seeking behavior for common childhood illnesses and predictors in Ethiopia. Methods: Systematic search of studies was done on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, institutional repositories, Academic Search Premier, and manually from reference lists of identified studies in the English language up to August 2021. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal tool for prevalence study. This meta-analysis used the random-effect method using the STATA™ Version 14 software. Result: Fourteen studies involving 8,031 participants were included in this meta-analysis. After correcting Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill analysis, the overall pooled prevalence of mothers' care-seeking behavior is 60.73% (95% CI: 43.49-77.97), whereas the highest prevalence, 74.80% (95% CI: 62.60, 87.00) and 67.77%(95% CI: 55.66, 79.87), was seen in Amhara region and urban residents, respectively, while the lowest, 36.49% (95% CI: -27.21, 100.18) and 47.80% (95% CI:-15.31, 110.9), was seen in South Nation Nationality Peoples' Regions and among rural residents, respectively. Mothers' educational status (P ≤ 0.001) and mothers' marital status (P ≤ 0.001) were significantly associated with mothers' care-seeking behavior. Conclusion: Even though children are a vulnerable group, mothers' care-seeking behavior for common childhood illnesses is significantly low. Educational status and marital status were determinants of mothers' care-seeking behavior. So, all responsible bodies should work on the improvement of mothers' care-seeking behavior.

HIV Serostatus Disclosure and Its Predictors Among Children Living With HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: HIV disclosure among children refers to when the caregiver is having disclosed to the child that he or she has HIV specifically. Disclosure significantly improved adherence to treatment and quality of life among children living with HIV/AIDS. Even though, the benefits of disclosure are considerable, informing a child of his or her own HIV status is often delayed. There is a dearth of studies on HIV serostatus disclosure among children in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of HIV serostatus disclosure and associated factors among children living with HIV in Ethiopia. Methods and Materials: Using a combination of search terms and Boolean operators, studies were retrieved from Pub Med/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochran library, and Google Scholar. Five authors independently assessed the quality of each study using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional studies. STATA Version 11 software was used for statistical analyses. The random-effects (Der Simonian and Laird) method was used for the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity test was carried out with the help of I-squared (I2) statistics. A leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was carried out. Results: A total of 12 articles with 3,410 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HIV serostatus disclosure among children was 36.87% (95% CI: 29.30, 44.44; I2 = 95.8%). Children aged older than 10 years (p = 0.003) and caregivers with primary and above education (p < 0.001) were factors significantly associated with HIV serostatus disclosure among children. Conclusions: The finding of this study showed that HIV serostatus disclosure among children is relatively low. Therefore, developing clear guideline on HIV serostatus disclosure among children, strengthening public health education or community awareness creation about HIV/AIDS to promote the benefits of disclosure and extensively provision of counseling by health care providers are essential to enhance HIV serostatus disclosure among children. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021239035.

Prevalence and determinants of late-stage presentation among cervical cancer patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: An estimated 570,000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer worldwide, and about 311,000 women died from the disease. Cervical cancer is possibly the most curable human cancer; if detected at the precancerous stage. Additionally, early diagnosis and management other factors are essential to decrease mortality rate among those patients. So this review was aimed to identify the prevalence and determinants of late-stage presentation among cervical cancer patients. METHODS: A systematic search had carried out on PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science CINAHL, and manually on Google Scholar. This meta-analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of each study. A meta-analysis was done using a random-effects method using the STATA™ Version 14 software. RESULT: Twenty-five studies from 3 world regions with 53,233 participants were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The overall estimated global pooled prevalence of late-stage presentation among cervical cancer patients with a random-effects model was 60.66% (95% CI: 56.27, 65.06). The subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of late-stage presentation was 62.60% in Africa, 69.30% in Asia, 46.51% in Europe, and 50.16% in North America. Educational status (p = 0.031) and place of residence (p = 0.004) are determinants of late-stage presentation. CONCLUSION: The results of this meta-analysis indicated that the prevalence of late-stage presentation of cervical cancer is substantially high. Place of residence and educational status were significantly associated with late-stage presentation. Health care organizations should work on early screening, management, and on increasing community awareness to minimize late stage at presentation among those patients.

Prevalence and associated factors of treatment failure among children on ART in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: As the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases, the issue of treatment failure is still a global challenge, particularly in a resource limited settings including Ethiopia. The results of former studies in Ethiopia were highly variable and inconsistent across studies. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis intended to provide the pooled estimation of treatment failure and associated factors among children on antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: We searched international databases (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Ethiopian Universities' online repository library, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) during the period of February 30 to April 7, 2021. All identified observational studies reporting the proportion of treatment failure among HIV positive children in Ethiopia were included. Heterogeneity of the studies was checked using I2 test and Cochrane Q test statistics. We run Begg's regression test to assess publication bias. A random-effects meta-analysis model was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of treatment failure. RESULTS: The estimated pooled prevalence of treatment failure among children in Ethiopia was 12.34 (95%CI: 8.59, 16.10). Subgroup analysis of this review showed that the highest prevalence was observed in Addis Ababa (15.92%), followed by Oromia region (14.47%). Poor ART adherence (AOR = 2.53, CI: 2.03, 4.97), advanced WHO clinical staging (AOR = 1.66, CI: 1.24, 3.21), and opportunistic infections (AOR = 2.64 CI: 2.19, 4.31 were found to be significantly associated factors with childhood treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that treatment failure among children on ART was high in Ethiopia. Poor ART adherence, advanced WHO clinical staging, opportunistic infections, and low level of CD4 cell counts increased the risk of treatment failure.

HIV/AIDS post-exposure prophylaxis knowledge and uptake among health professionals in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers in developing countries are at particularly increased risk of infections from blood-borne pathogens because of the high prevalence of such pathogens in their communities as well as the lack of basic personal protective equipment, such as gloves, gowns and goggles. For those exposed healthcare workers, the immediate administration of antiretroviral drugs following exposure to potentially infected blood or other bodily fluids is essential in order to minimize the risk of acquiring HIV infection. This review is aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of knowledge and uptake of post-exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers in Africa. METHODS: We accessed PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, African Journals Online (AJOL), Journal Storage (JSTOR) and EMBASE. The search for unpublished studies included Google and institutional repositories were also used. This meta-analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of studies was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis was carried out with a random-effects method using STATA v.14 software. RESULTS: Out of 654 692 studies retrieved, 37 studies from four African regions involving 6482 healthcare providers were included in this meta-analysis. The overall estimated pooled uptake and knowledge of HIV/AIDS post-exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers in Africa using a random-effects model were 40.09% (95% CI: 30.14-50.04) and 57.67% (95% CI: 44.32-71.01) respectively, whereas the highest uptake and knowledge were 45.48% (95% CI: 24.79-66.17) and 61.37% (95% CI: 46.39-76.36) in the southern and eastern regions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis indicated that the knowledge and uptake of post-exposure prophylaxis, one of the best approaches to tackling HIV/AIDS transmission, are significantly low. Therefore, healthcare organizations should work on strategies to increase knowledge and uptake of post-exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers. REGISTRATION: Prospero (ID: CRD42021244003).

Pressure injury prevention practice and associated factors among nurses at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The prevention of pressure injury is of great importance in providing quality care to patients, as it has been reported that approximately 95% of all pressure injury are preventable. Nurses working in clinical settings play a key role in identifying patients at risk and administering preventative care. Therefore, this study examines pressure injury prevention practices among nurses. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study design. SETTING: Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS: 240 nurses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pressure injury prevention practices among nurses. RESULT: Among nurses, 37.9% had good pressure injury prevention practices. The factors associated with pressure injury prevention practices included having a bachelor's degree or higher (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.18; 95% CI 1.12 to 4.25), having more than 10 years of nursing experience (AOR=3.44; 95% CI 1.41 to 8.37), lacking subject knowledge (AOR=0.49; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.91) and being over the age of 40 (AOR=0.55; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.35). CONCLUSION: The majority of nurses reported having a limited level of pressure injury prevention practice. Since pressure ulcer prevention practice is majorly the role of nurses. Upgrading the educational level of the nurses through continuous professional development opportunities can improve the preventive practice of pressure ulcer injury by increasing the knowledge and skill gained during the vocational training.

Obesity and associated factors among high school adolescent students in Bahir Dar town, North West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of obesity among high school adolescent students in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 September 2019 to 10 October 2019 in Bahir Dar town. A total of 1018 students were enrolled using a multistage sampling procedure. Epidata version 3.1 was used for data entry, and SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: The magnitude of obesity among high school adolescents was 8.3%. Attending a private school (adjusted odds ratio = 6.52; 95% confidence interval: 3.13, 13.59), not participating in moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities (AOR = 3.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.44, 6.64), coming from a wealthy family (adjusted odds ratio = 7.03; 95% CI: 2.16, 22.89), and snacking frequency (adjusted odds ratio = 9.64; 95% confidence Interval: 4.79, 19.39) were all associated with obesity. Conclusions: Obesity was prevalent among students in private schools and wealthy families in the research area. Family size, household wealth, participation in moderate-to-striving activities, and snacking frequency were all found to be significant factors of obesity.

Bacterial Profile and asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Africa: A systematic review and meta analysis.

BACKGROUND: Different physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy, such as Hydroureter, dilatation of the renal pelvis, glycosuria and aminoaciduria, and low urine production predispose pregnant women for ascending urinary tract infection. Globally, 2% to 15% of the pregnant women have urinary tract infection without specific symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) in pregnant women in Africa. METHODS: Systematic search of published studies done on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and google scholar for gray literature. All published observational studies until October 30, 2020 were included. This meta-analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Quality of studies was assessed by modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects method with the double arcsine transformation approach using the STATA™ Version 14 software. Trim and fill analysis was done to correct presence of significant publication bias. The study protocol is prospectively registered on PROSPERO, registration number CRD42020212601. FINDINGS: From 3393 obtained studies, 48 studies from 12 African countries involving 15, 664 pregnant women included in this Meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Africa after correction for publication bias by trim and fill analysis was found to be 11.1% (95% CI: 7.8, 14.4). The most common bacterial isolates involved in the etiology of ABU was Escherichia coli with pooled prevalence 33.4% (95% CI: 27.3 - 39.4). INTERPRETATION: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is substantial among pregnant women in Africa. Therefore, all pregnant women should be tested for the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria. A screening program must be based not only on the incidence but also on a cost-efficacy evaluation and a microbiological evaluation. FUNDING: There was no funding source for this study.

Mothers' utilization and associated factors of preconception care in Africa, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: As the studies show, in every minute in the world, 380 women become pregnant and 190 face unplanned or unwanted pregnancies; 110 experience pregnancy-related complications, and one woman dies from a pregnancy-related cause. Preconception care is one of the proven strategies for the reduction in mortality and decreases the risk of adverse health effects for the woman, fetus, and neonate by optimizing maternal health services and improves woman's health. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of utilization of preconception of care and associated factors in Africa. METHODS: Systematic search of published studies done on PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science CINAHL, and manually on Google Scholar. This meta-analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of studies was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects method using the STATA™ Version 14 software. RESULT: From 249,301 obtained studies, 28 studies from 3 African regions involving 13067 women included in this Meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of utilization of preconception care among pregnant women in Africa was found to be 18.72% (95% CI: 14.44, 23.00). Knowledge of preconception care (P = <0.001), preexisting medical condition (P = 0.045), and pregnancy intention (P = 0.016) were significantly associated with the utilization of preconception care. CONCLUSION: The results of this meta-analysis indicated, as one of best approaches to improve birth outcomes, the utilization of preconception care is significantly low among mothers in Africa. Therefore, health care organizations should work on strategies to improve preconception care utilization.

Global Burden of Anxiety and Depression among Cystic Fibrosis Patient: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

AIMS: This systemic review and meta-analysis were aimed at determining the level of anxiety and depression among cystic fibrosis patients in the world. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of published studies from PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and manually on Google Scholar. This meta-analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of studies was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects method using the STATA™ Version 14 software. Trim and fill analysis was done to correct the presence of significant publication bias. RESULT: From 419,820 obtained studies, 26 studies from 2 different parts of the world including 9766. The overall global pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression after correction for publication bias by trim and fill analysis was found to be 24.91(95% CI: 20.8-28.9) for anxiety. The subgroup analyses revealed with the lowest prevalence, 23.59%, (95% CI: 8.08, 39.09)) in North America and the highest, 26.77%, (95% CI: 22.5, 31.04) seen in Europe for anxiety and with the highest prevalence, 18.67%, (95% CI: 9.82, 27.5) in North America and the lowest, 13.27%, (95% CI: -10.05, 16.5) seen in Europe for depression. CONCLUSION: The global prevalence of anxiety and depression among cystic fibrosis patients is common. Therefore, close monitoring of the patient, regularly screening for anxiety and depression, and appropriate prevention techniques is recommended.

Magnitude of post-operative mortality and associated factors among patients who underwent surgery in Wolaita Sodo teaching and referral hospital, SNNPR region, Ethiopia.

Background: Each year 4.2 million people around the world die within 30 days of surgery and postoperative deaths account for 7.7 % of all deaths. So this study aimed to asses' magnitude of postoperative mortality and associated factors among patients who underwent surgery in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching referral Hospital. Method: Retrospective cross sectional design was carried out from April 15-30 2019. Card review was done on 384 participants by using Systematic sampling technique. Entered to Epi Data; exported to SPSS for analysis. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered to multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance is determined at p-value < 0.05. Results: The magnitude of postoperative mortality was 5.7%. Using surgical check list (AOR= 0.18; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61), having comorbid condition (AOR= 4.45; 95% CI 1.39 to 14.19), and don't having blood transfusion (AOR= 0.07; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.22) and general anesthesia (AOR= 4.37; 95% CI 1.17 to 16.30) are factors of post-operative mortality. Conclusion: The magnitude of postoperative mortality was high. Surgical check list, comorbidity, blood transfusion and general anesthesia are factors. The hospital should encourage using of surgical check list and work on comorbid patients to decrease the mortality.

Full-dose hepatitis B virus vaccination coverage and associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The hepatitis B vaccine is the backbone of hepatitis B prevention. All health care workers must receive a full-dose (3-dose vaccine series) to achieve >90% protection against hepatitis B virus. There is limited evidence available on vaccination coverage of HBV among health care workers in Ethiopia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the national full-dose hepatitis B vaccination coverage and the associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia. METHODS: Studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Google Scholar by using a combination of search terms with Boolean operators. The quality of each study was evaluated independently by three authors using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional studies. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA™ Version 14 software. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects (DerSimonian and Laird) method. The heterogeneity test was conducted by using I-squared (I2) statistics. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 15 articles with 5734 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of full-dose hepatitis B virus vaccination coverage among health care workers in Ethiopia was 20.04% (95% CI: 13.83, 26.26); I2 = 98.9%). Being male sex (p = 0.002), having work experience of less than 5 years (p < 0.001), educational level of diploma and below (p = 0.003), health care providers who received training on infection prevention (p < 0.001), and those who had a history of exposure to blood and body fluids (p = 0.001), were factors significantly associated with full-dose hepatitis B virus vaccination. CONCLUSION: The national full-dose hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health care workers was low. Training of health care workers in infection prevention, particularly in hepatitis B and testing and providing hepatitis B vaccination for newly recruited staff and every 5 years for those long-term workers were recommended to increase the uptake of the vaccine.

Predictors of optimal breastfeeding practices in Worabe town, Silte zone, South Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Studies in sub-Saharan Africa indicated the overall prevalence of optimal breast feeding ranged between a lowest of 17.63% in East Africa and a highest of 46.37% in West Africa. It's estimated that 823,000 deaths of children could be prevented every year through optimal breastfeeding practices. However optimal breastfeeding practices is low in most setting of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess optimal breastfeeding practices and associated factors in Worabe town. METHOD: A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from April 15th-25th, 2018. A systematic sampling technique was applied on 347 sampled mothers who had children greater than or equal to 2 years old. The data was entered into EpiData (version 3.1) and subsequently exported to SPSS Statistics (version 22) for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used for presenting summary data using tables and graph. Bivariate and multi variable logistic regression analysis to identify were used to identify associated factors. The statistical significance was declared at P<0.05. RESULT: Optimal breastfeeding was exhibited by 42.1% of mothers. Government employees (AOR = 8.0; 95% CI: 1.7, 36.4), families with a household income of 1,500-3,000 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.0, 20.1), individuals knowledgeable about optimal breastfeeding practices (AOR: 5.5 95% CI: 1.6, 18.1), individuals counselled about breastfeeding practices during postnatal follow-ups (AOR = 4.940, 95% CI: 1.313, 10.195), and individuals that had a caesarean section delivery (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 14.1) had a higher chance of practicing optimal breastfeeding. However, mothers who did not attend or have access to antenatal care follow-ups (AOR = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.5) were less likely to practice optimal breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: Less than half of mothers breastfed their children optimally. Factors that influenced this included knowledge of optimal breastfeeding practices, total household income, the woman's occupation, access to breastfeeding counselling during postnatal care follow-ups, access to antenatal care follow-ups, and mode of delivery. It is strongly recommended that optimal breastfeeding awareness programs through health education be done in collaboration with health extension workers, and zonal health offices.

Nurses Practice of Hand Hygiene in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia: Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Nurses, who are the majority, can contaminate their hands with different types of microorganism during "clean" activities (e.g., lifting a patient; taking a patient's pulse, blood pressure, or oral temperature; or touching a patient's hand, shoulder, or groin). Yet good hand hygiene, the simple task of cleaning hands at the right time and in the right way, can reduce HCAIs that are transmitted by healthcare workers' hands. METHOD: Observational study conducted among nurses by observational tool which was adopted from WHO observational tool. And finally compliance was calculated as a percentage (i.e., compliance% = (observed hand hygiene action (HHA) ÷ hand hygiene opportunity (O)) × 100). The data were first coded, entered, and cleaned using EpiData statistical software version 3.1 and then exported into SPSS statistical software version 22 for analysis. Data were presented using descriptive statistics. RESULT: A total of 110 study participants were observed who gave a response rate of 94.8%. Total of 3902 opportunities and 732 hand hygiene actions were observed with overall compliance of 18.7%. The highest 22.9% hand hygiene practice was observed "before clean∖aseptic procedure." Highest 19.6% compliance was recorded at night shift and 22.7% in ICU ward of the hospital. Alcohol based hand rub was a major means of method used to clean hands. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Observed practice of hand hygiene was poor. Lack of training, conveniently located sink, hand washing agents, and lack of time were major reasons for not practicing hand hygiene. Successful promotion of hand hygiene through instituting system change (e.g., making hand hygiene products available at the point of care) should be considered.