Comparison of microbiota and volatile organic compounds in milk from different sheep breeds.

In this study, we compared the microbiota and volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in the milk obtained from 3 different sheep breeds, namely Merino, Lacaune, and Assaf. Udder milk was collected from 21 animals, 7 from each breed. Bacterial microflora was determined metagenomically by extracting the DNA from the milk and analyzing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used to analyze VOC. The metagenomic analysis revealed (for Merino, Lacaune, and Assaf milk, respectively) Firmicutes (66.32, 69.36, and 57.08%), Actinobacteria (19.09, 7.67, and 19.40%), Proteobacteria (13.76, 21.06, and 22.19%), and Bacteroidetes (0.84, 1.91, and 1.33%) phyla in the milk samples. Lactobacillus was highly abundant in the milk of 3 breeds (29.64, 43.50, and 18.70%). The genera constituting more than 2% of all bacteria in all groups were Jeotgalicoccus (7.19, 5.34, and 10.77%), Enterococcus (5.18, 9.78, and 3.64%), and Corynebacterium (4.08, 3.00, and 13.44%). A total of 32 different VOC were identified by headspace solid-phase microextration analysis with 9, 30, and 24 different compounds from Merino, Lacaune, and Assaf breeds, respectively. Although ketone was the most abundant compound in Merino milk (71.84%), hydrocarbons were the most detected in Lacaune and Assaf milk (37.18% and 55.42%, respectively). A positive correlation was found between acetone, which was detected at the highest level in all groups, with Salinicoccus, Alloiococcus, Psychrobacter, and Dietzia. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the Lactobacillus genus, detected at the highest level in all groups, with methyl cyclopentane, 3-methylheptane, octane, decane, 3,3-dimethyloctane, and dodecane. Thus, differences were observed in the bacterial microflora and VOC in the sheep milk from different breeds under different feeding and breeding conditions.

Discrimination of viable and dead Vibrio parahaemolyticus subjected to low temperatures using Propidium Monoazide - Quantitative loop mediated isothermal amplification (PMA-qLAMP) and PMA-qPCR.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cold (4 °C) and subzero (-18 °C, -45 °C) temperatures on the occurrence time of membrane damage to provide Propidium Monoazide (PMA) penetration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus inoculated to the sea bass. Direct plate counting (DPC) and PMA-based quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) and qPCR was utilized for discrimination of dead and live bacteria on the designated storage days (1, 3, 7, and 14). The optimum amount of PMA was 50 µM for inhibition of amplification derived from dead cells in spiked samples. The number of live V. parahaemolyticus was detectable at the end of the 14. day using PMA-qLAMP and PMA-qPCR at all the temperatures. On the 7th day, culturability has lost at any of the storage temperatures and DPCs at -18 °C and -45 °C revealed a difference of about 1 log10 CFU/ml between 1st and 3rd days. The same difference was also observed in PMA-qLAMP and PMA-qPCR on the same days (0.59-0.95 log10 CFU/ml). Subzero temperatures have the highest rate of viability while causing the fastest decrease in culturability in sample groups as a result of the higher level of transition to VBNC state. qLAMP and qPCR methods in the PMA-treated and nontreated groups on the storage days at all temperatures gave similar results (p > 0.05).

Comparative analysis of left ventricular hemodynamics and hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement with homografts or mechanical valves.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aim was to examine comparatively the effects of prosthetic and homograft valves in the aortic position on ventricular hemodynamics and structure. METHODS: Hemodynamic evaluations were performed at rest and during exercise in 38 patients who had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) with either a homograft (n = 19) or prosthetic valve (19-23 mm; n = 19). Using echocardiographic, electrocardiographic and hematologic methods, the pressure gradient (PG); aortic valve area; diameters of left anterior wall, posterior wall (PW) and interventricular septum (IVS); ejection fraction (EF); left ventricular mass (LVM) and mass index (LVMI); electrocardiographic data of LV hypertrophy; hemoglobin; hematocrit and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured. RESULTS: LVM and LVMI decreased significantly after surgery in both groups (p<0.001), but the decrease was significantly greater in the homograft group (p<0.05). The IVS and PW diameters in the homograft group decreased significantly postoperatively (p<0.05); the inter-group difference was also significant (p<0.01). In the homograft group there was a significant improvement in EF (p<0.05), and the exercise PG was significantly less. Both groups showed improved LV hypertrophy and correlation between V1S >24 mm criteria and LVMI measurements. Postoperative LDH levels in the homograft group were significantly lower than preoperative levels (p<0.05); the intergroup difference was also significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that homografts, as compared to mechanical prostheses, provide significantly better hemodynamics in the aortic position.

Intramural hydatid cyst of descending aorta complicated by false aneurysm.

Hydatid disease is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, and the resultant fluid-filled cysts almost invariably affect the liver. Primary involvement of the aortic wall is very rare. We report a case of hydatid disease presenting as a huge cyst invading the wall of the descending aorta and complicated by a false aneurysm. Diagnostic problems and operative management are reviewed.

Evaluation of Ricketts' long-range growth prediction in Turkish children.

This study was conducted to evaluate Ricketts' long-range growth prediction in Turkish children. Cephalometric analysis was conducted at baseline and 7 years for 40 children (20 girls, 20 boys) who received no orthodontic treatment. Ricketts' long-range prediction was performed from baseline cephalograms and compared with actual growth 7 years later. Twenty-one cephalometric (12 angular and 9 linear) parameters were measured on actual and predicted tracings. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate relationships between the "predicted" and "actual" measurements. Analysis was conducted on pooled data (males and females) and data by sex. There was a higher level of correlation for growth prediction in girls. Data indicate predictability in boys was greater for maxillary mandibular growth parameters. It was concluded that Ricketts' long-range growth prediction may be helpful in improving treatment planning. Further work on accurate soft tissue and hard tissue growth prediction is indicated.

An epidemiological survey using the Treatment Priority Index (TPI).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and to assess the need for orthodontic treatment among 6-10 year old Turkish primary school children. The Treatment Priority Index (TPI) was used to record and measure the malocclusions. The findings were that 40.38 per cent of the observed population showed normal occlusion, 21.85 per cent had minor manifestations of malocclusion and treatment need was slight, 25.17 per cent of the subjects showed definite malocclusion, 7.54 per cent had severe malocclusion and 5.06 per cent had a very severe handicap with a mandatory treatment requirement. Orthodontic treatment need increased between 6 and 10 years of age. No statistically significant difference was found between the mean TPI values of male and female subjects.

[Orthodontic treatment in a cleft palate-cleft lip case with severe maxillary collapse]. / Siddetli maksiller darligi olan bir dudak-damak yarigi olgusunda ortodontik tedavi.

The cleft lip and palate cases are the most frequently seen congenital deformities. Retardation of the maxillary development and collapse are the most significant characteristics in these cases. It is aimed to correct the functions like mastication, deglutition and speech which were disturbed due to anatomic deficiency and to obtain an acceptable occlusion and esthetics, by means of the therapy. As much as the preoperative orthopedic procedures applied just after the birth, the orthopedic and orthodontic appliances used in mixed and permanent dentition periods affect the prognosis in these cases. The purpose of the treatment in permanent dentition is to correct the malocclusion and to prepare the dentition to prosthetic restorations. In this article the orthodontic treatment of a case in permanent dentition, with cleft palate and lip characterized with severe maxillary collapse will be presented.

[Begg mechanics in treatment of congenitally missing lateral incisor]. / Kongenital lateral eksikliginin tedavisinde Begg mekanigi.

The maxillary lateral incisors are the most frequently missing teeth after the third molars. The cases with congenitally missing lateral incisors are treated either by orthodontically closing the spaces or by space regaining for prosthetic restorations. Malocclusion is the most effective factor for selecting the treatment method. Besides the characteristics of the malocclusion and interdigitation, the colour, the shape, the size and the position of the canines effect the treatment planning. In particular, Class II Div. 1 and Cl. I anterior crowding cases are the most convenient cases for orthodontically closing the missing lateral spaces. In these cases besides the treatment of the present malocclusion the reshaping of the canines is aimed and these teeth are moved to lateral spaces. In this article the treatment of a Cl. II Div. 1 malocclusion case with congenitally maxillary missing lateral incisor with Begg technique will be presented. The changes and variations of the Begg mechanics applied for this case will be discussed.

[Alopecia areata is an idiopathic disorder in which there is a rapidly developing loss of hair that usually begins on the scalp]. / Kombine headgear kullanimi ile birlikte görülen alopecia areata.

In this article a case of alopecia areata which developed due to combined headgear is presented. It is aimed to warn the orthodontists about this rarely seen adverse effect of the extraoral orthodontic appliances.

[Long-term evaluation of the periodontal status in extraction treatment]. / Cekimli tedavide periodontal durumun uzun süreli degerlendirilmesi.

In this article the periodontal status of the 30 patients which were treated with Edgewise mechanics, by extraction of four first bicuspids is evaluated approximately 5 years later the active treatment. Comparison of the pocket depths between the teeth moved into extraction areas and the other teeth, is made. And also the pocket depths of the parallel and non-parallel teeth in the extraction area are compared. It is found that orthodontic treatment had no adverse effect on periodontal status in long term. But non-parallel teeth in the extraction area showed much higher values of pocket depth when compared to parallel teeth.

[Comparison of lower incisor positions after treatment and in postretention period, in Cl. I cases treated with Begg and Edgewise techniques]. / Begg ve Edgewise ile tedavi edilen sinif I olgularda tedavi sonu ve post retansiyon döneminde alt keser konumlarinin karsilastirilmasi.

The lower incisor positions have an important role in obtaining optimum occlusion and esthetics with orthodontic therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate in longterm, the lower incisor positions of class I anterior crowding cases which were treated with Begg and Edge wise techniques. For this purpose lateral cephalometric radiographs of 20 Edge wise and 11 Begg cases which were treated by extraction of the four first bicuspids are evaluated. In all the cases T to NB (mm) T to NB (angle) and IMPA parameters examined before treatment, just after active therapy and in an average of 5 years postretention period. In cases which were treated with Begg mechanics, statistically important improvement is found in IMPA values after treatment. Lower incisors were stable in postretention period and there were no statistically significant differences when we compared the "after treatment" and "postretention" incisor positions in both treatment groups.

[Frankel III appliance]. / Frankel III apareyi.

FR III is a functional regulator appliance developed by Professor Rolf Frankel. This appliance is used in the treatment of Class III malocclusions. Optimum treatment results can be achieved when the appliance is used in the early mixed dentition period. The restricting effect of the buccinator and orbicularis oris muscles on maxillary skeletal development is prevented by means of lip pads and vestibular shields, thus maxillary development is stimulated. In this article philosophy, construction and clinical management of the FR III appliance will be described and two of our patients which are treated with this appliance will be presented.

[Changes in the dental arch due to obligatory early extraction of first permanent molars]. / Birinci sürekli azi dislerinin zorunlu erken çekimine bagli dental arklarda görülen degisiklikler.

The first permanent molars are the mo frequently extracted teeth due to caries. Early loss of these teeth which are known as "the ke of the occlusion" may lead to rotations, migrations, and elongations of the other teeth in the dental arches, and finally may cause occlusal disorders. This research is conducted on the patient whose first permanent molars need to be extracted due to profound caries and unrestorab material loss. By means of the lateral and panoramic radiographs taken just before the extraction and one year later, the local changes in the extraction and non-extraction segments are compared.

Preparation of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) from field-inoculated corn.

A process was developed for production of gram quantities of deoxynivalenol (DON) from corn that had been inoculated in the field with Fusarium graminearum and was estimated to contain 400-500 mg DON/kg. Steps in the purification procedure included extraction with methanol-water (1 + 1), partition from an aqueous solution into ethyl acetate by using a hydrophilic matrix, defatting, Florisil column chromatography, methylene chloride-water partition, semipreparative liquid chromatography (LC), and crystallization from ethyl acetate. The average yield of crystalline DON produced by this method (or with minor variations) was 281 mg/kg.