Premenstrual syndrome in university students: its correlation with their attitudes toward gender roles.

INTRODUCTION: Psychosocial factors causing premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are closely correlated with gender. Thus, this study's aim was to identify correlations between gender role attitudes (GRA) and PMS status of university students. METHODS: The participants of this descriptive study were 1515 female students from 13 departments of Hacettepe University using stratified sampling method. Data were collected between February and May 2014 using a semi-structured questionnaire, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and the Gender Roles Attitude Scale (GRAS). Correlations between PMSS and GRAS scores were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The difference between PMSS and GRAS scores in terms of sociodemographic characteristics was analyzed using the t-test and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: The mean total PMSS score was 117.96 ± 34.41, indicating moderate PMS levels. The total mean GRAS score was 162.71 ± 17.50, indicating an egalitarian GRA. As the gender roles in marriage of the participants became traditional, depressive thoughts and swelling became more common (rs= -0.620, p < .05; rs= -0.560, p < .05). The educational level of the mothers and perceived economic status were sociodemographic factors affecting both GRA and PMS. DISCUSSION: GRA and sociodemographic characteristics should be considered in healthcare services for PMS.

Factors affecting performance and productivity of nurses: professional attitude, organisational justice, organisational culture and mobbing.

AIM: To identify relationships among variables affecting nurses' performance and productivity, namely professional attitudes, organisational culture, organisational justice and exposure to mobbing. BACKGROUND: The determination of the factors affecting performance and productivity is important for providing efficient nursing services. These factors have been investigated in the literature independently, but the relationship among them has not been clearly identified. METHODS: This cross-sectional questionnaire study included 772 nurses working in a University Hospital accredited by Joint Commission International. RESULTS: The professional attitude score of the nurses was high (4.35 ± 0.63). However, their organisational justice (2.22 ± 1.26) and organisational culture (2.47 ± 0.71) scores were low. Nurses were subjected to mobbing at a high level (0.82 ± 0.78). As the organisational justice increased, the organisational culture increased and the mobbing decreased. As the organisation culture decreased, the mobbing increased. CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive correlation between organisation culture and organisational justice of the nurses and a negative correlation with mobbing. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The results of the study are essential for improving nurses' performance and productivity.