Organic nitrate chemistry and its implications for nitrogen budgets in an isoprene- and monoterpene-rich atmosphere: constraints from aircraft (SEAC4RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations in the Southeast US.

Formation of organic nitrates (RONO2) during oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs: isoprene, monoterpenes) is a significant loss pathway for atmospheric nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx), but the chemistry of RONO2 formation and degradation remains uncertain. Here we implement a new BVOC oxidation mechanism (including updated isoprene chemistry, new monoterpene chemistry, and particle uptake of RONO2) in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model with ∼25 × 25 km2 resolution over North America. We evaluate the model using aircraft (SEAC4RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations of NOx, BVOCs, and RONO2 from the Southeast US in summer 2013. The updated simulation successfully reproduces the concentrations of individual gas- and particle-phase RONO2 species measured during the campaigns. Gas-phase isoprene nitrates account for 25-50% of observed RONO2 in surface air, and we find that another 10% is contributed by gas-phase monoterpene nitrates. Observations in the free troposphere show an important contribution from long-lived nitrates derived from anthropogenic VOCs. During both campaigns, at least 10% of observed boundary layer RONO2 were in the particle phase. We find that aerosol uptake followed by hydrolysis to HNO3 accounts for 60% of simulated gas-phase RONO2 loss in the boundary layer. Other losses are 20% by photolysis to recycle NOx and 15% by dry deposition. RONO2 production accounts for 20% of the net regional NOx sink in the Southeast US in summer, limited by the spatial segregation between BVOC and NOx emissions. This segregation implies that RONO2 production will remain a minor sink for NOx in the Southeast US in the future even as NOx emissions continue to decline.

[Acute leukemia: autologous transplantation of bone marrow cells grown in long-term culture containing low molecular weight natural tumour suppressor].

Fourteen patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and 3 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in complete remission underwent autologous transplantation of their bone marrow cells in long-term culture containing low molecular weight-natural tumour suppressor. Their mean age was 27 years (9-35). Preparative regimen included cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation. All patients received no chemotherapy after transplantation. Follow-up for to 45 months showed that 11 patients remained disease-free survival (DFS) at 15 months, 8 at 24 months, 5 at 30 months, and 1 at 43 months. 5 patients relapsed between 6 and 22 months. One case died from sudden death at 6 months. 3.5-year DFS was 62.7 +/- 15.0%.