A racing heart post-Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2.

Palpitations is one of the most common side effects experienced post-messenger-RNA COVID-19 vaccines. However, some patients experience significant symptoms and further workup needs to be considered. We present an interesting case of inappropriate sinus tachycardia in a fit gentleman who presented with worsening palpitations and elevated heart rate post-first and -second dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine.

Initial experience of left bundle branch pacing using the Abbott Agilis HisPro Catheter with stylet-driven leads.

AIMS: Conduction system pacing has gained steady interest over recent years. While the majority of tools and delivery techniques were developed for His bundle pacing (HBP), the feasibility and reproducibility of using these similar tools for left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has yet to be determined. We describe our technique for performing LBBP using the Abbott Agilis HisPro™ Steerable Catheter. METHODS AND RESULTS: A series of 22 patients with a mean age of 71.7 years (16 males, 72.7%), underwent LBBP procedure with this catheter between May and October 2021. Nineteen patients (86%) had successful LBBP lead implantation. There were no major complications or mortality. CONCLUSION: The Agilis HisPro™ catheter along with the stylet driven Tendril STS Model 2088TC lead is a safe and feasible delivery system for LBBP.

Performance of the coronary calcium score in an outpatient chest pain clinic and strategies for risk stratification.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcium score (CAC) is an objective marker of atherosclerosis. The primary aim is to assess CAC as a risk classifier in stable coronary artery disease (CAD). HYPOTHESIS: CAC improves CAD risk prediction, compared to conventional risk scoring, even in the absence of cardiovascular risk factor inputs. METHODS: Outpatients presenting to a cardiology clinic (n = 3518) were divided into two cohorts: derivation (n = 2344 patients) and validation (n = 1174 patients). Adding logarithmic transformation of CAC, we built two logistic regression models: Model 1 with chest pain history and risk factors and Model 2 including chest pain history only without risk factors simulating patients with undiagnosed comorbidities. The CAD I Consortium Score (CCS) was the conventional reference risk score used. The primary outcome was the presence of coronary artery disease defined as any epicardial artery stenosis≥50% on CT coronary angiogram. RESULTS: Area under curve (AUC) of CCS in our validation cohort was 0.80. The AUC of Models 1 and 2 were significantly improved at 0.88 (95%CI 0.86-0.91) and 0.87 (95%CI 0.84-0.90), respectively. Integrated discriminant improvement was >15% for both models. At a pre-specified cut-off of ≤10% for excluding coronary artery disease, the sensitivity and specificity were 89.3% and 74.7% for Model 1, and 88.1% and 71.8% for Model 2. CONCLUSION: CAC helps improve risk classification in patients with chest pain, even in the absence of prior risk factor screening.

Prognostic impact of stress echocardiography with discordant stress electrocardiography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

INTRODUCTION: During stress echocardiography, the echocardiologist routinely collects both echocardiographic images and stress electrocardiogram (ECG) concurrently. The managing physician faces a dilemma when the stress ECG and stress echocardiography results are discordant; for example, when a patient has negative stress echocardiography but positive stress ECG. We therefore sought to evaluate the prognostic value of stress echocardiography in relation to concordant or discordant stress ECG findings in our local Singapore setting, which has a well-defined Southeast Asian population. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of all patients who underwent stress echocardiography in 2012 at Changi General Hospital, Singapore. All study patients were followed up for 18 months via electronic medical records. RESULTS: There was no difference in the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) outcome of patients with normal stress echocardiography and normal stress ECG (reference group) as compared with patients with normal stress echocardiography but positive (discordant) stress ECG (odds ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval 0.82‒4.98; p = 0.125). CONCLUSION: This study will help to reassure cardiologists that discordant results (negative stress echocardiography but positive stress ECG) do not portend a higher risk of MACE when compared to concordant results (i.e. both stress echocardiography and stress ECG are negative).

Unusual cause of hypercalcaemia in end stage renal failure patients.

Immobility-induced hypercalcaemia is rarely considered in patients on dialysis and is a challenging diagnosis to make. This is especially so due to the lack of biomarkers as well as the notion that calcium metabolism is mostly related to chronic kidney disease-metabolic bone disorder due to the role of iPTH. We present two cases of our dialysis patients, who were clinically unwell from hypercalcemia. We were initially uncertain of the cause of hypercalcemia as despite our attempts to adjust treatment based on their biochemical findings, we were unable to correct the hypercalcemia. We did not have appropriate bone turnover markers to guide us and out of desperation, anti-resorptives-calcitonin and bisphosphonate were given with good clinical response. We concluded that the hypercalcemia was related to immobility-induced hypercalcemia and the inappropriately low iPTH was a red herring. Immobility-induced hypercalcaemia should be considered in patients with end stage renal failure on renal replacement therapy, especially in those with recent and significant immobility. In these patients, pamidronate can be considered should the hypercalcaemia persist.

A Rare Complication of Herpes Zoster: Segmental Zoster Paresis.

Herpes zoster is a common presentation in both the community and emergency department; however segmental zoster paresis is a rare complication that can lead to misdiagnosis. We present a case of a 74-year-old Indian gentleman with a background of well controlled diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and ischaemic heart disease who presented with sudden right lower limb weakness. This was preceded by a 5-day history of paraesthesia starting in the right foot and ascending up the right lower limb. On examination, there was a characteristic vesicular rash in the L2/3 region with MRC grading 3/5 in the right hip flexors. The rest of the neurological examination was unremarkable. MRI of the spine did not show any evidence of spinal disease. The patient was initiated on IV acyclovir with improvement of the lower limb weakness to MRC grading 5/5 as the vesicles improved. This is an interesting case as it highlights a rare presentation of zoster: segmental motor paresis that recovered fully with resolution of the rash. It shows the importance of recognizing motor neuropathy as a complication of shingles as it has a very good prognosis with most patients regaining full motor function of the affected limb with treatment.

An unusual presentation of listeriosis: anemia and cutaneous manifestations.

Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen causing food-borne disease. It usually affects the young as well as immunocompromised individuals and is associated with high mortality rates. Cutaneous manifestations have rarely been described. We describe an interesting case of a traveller from the tropics presenting with cutaneous listeriosis and anemia.