Effect of caloric restriction and low fructose consumption on oxidative damage in adults with obesity / Efecto de la restricción calórica y el bajo consumo de fructosa sobre el daño oxidativo en adultos con obesidad

Background: The consumption of macronutrients rich insugars, mainly fructose, promote metabolic changes and in-duce insulin resistance, hepatic and extrahepatic fatty aciddeposits, as well as an increase in the generation of free rad-icals and oxidative stress.Methods: Randomized clinical study, 74 subjects partici-pated, divided into 2 group: a calorie-restricted diet (n=37)and a low-fructose diet (n=37). They were evaluated at thebeginning and 6 weeks after the implementation of the diet,using anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Descriptivestatistics were used to analyze the data, Student’s t test fortwo independent samples considering unequal variances andfor means of two paired samples. Level p<0.05 was consid-ered in each analysis test.Results: The body mass index (BMI) shows statisticallysignificant differences p< 0.05 in the group with calorie re-striction after applying the diet. The waist and hip circumfer-ence were modified by the implementation of the diet in eachindependent group (p<0.001 for each statistical difference,respectively), only the waist-hip index (WHR) was modifiedwhen the results were compared between both groups,p<0.05. In the biochemical parameters after the implementa-tion of the diets, in the low-fructose diet group an increase inblood glucose was observed from 175.97 to 187.40 mg/dl,cholesterol from 34.05 to 36.89 mg/dl and HDL from 104.77to 115.47 mg/dl. However, no statistically significant differ-ences were found when comparing both groups. No statisti-cally significant differences were observed in lipid peroxida-tion parameters or oxidized carbonyls.Conclusion: The modifications in hepatic metabolismcould be related to the energy quantity and the source ofmacronutrients.(AU)

Caracterización y supervivencia de pacientes con linfoma de Hodgkin. Un reporte de 7años de un centro único / Characterization and survival of patients with Hodg-kin lymphoma. A 7-Year single-center study

Introducción: El Linfoma de Hodgkin (LH), es una neoplasia hematológica poco frecuente, donde las células neoplásicas forman una minoría del tumor y están rodeados por un medio inflamatorio reactivo que incluye linfocitos, eosinófilos, neutrófilos, histiocitos y células plasmáticas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir una población con esta patología y su supervivencia en 7 años de seguimiento. Metodología Este estudio longitudinal, se realizó en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, de Quito, Ecuador, del período 2013-2019, con una muestra no probabilística, de pacientes con LH. Se registraron variables demográficas, clínicas, de laboratorio, clasificación Ann Arbor, clasificación histológica, tratamiento y respuesta, mortalidad y tiempo de supervivencia. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva; bivariado y un análisis de supervivencia. Resultados: Se analizan 73 casos, 43 hombres (58.9 %). El grupo de 61 a 70 años fue el más prevalente con 19 casos (26%). 1 caso (4.1 %) con VIH, 7 casos (9.6%) con inmunosupresores. Síntomas B en 49 casos (67.1%). Adenomegalias en 15 casos (20.5 %). Masa Bulky 5 casos (6.8 %). Fallecieron 22 casos (30.1 %). Supervivencia de 52.8 meses, el 83.6% de recibieron Adriamicina, Bleomicina, Vincristina y Dacarbazina como 1ra línea de tratamiento, con remisión completa en el 61.7%. El estadio IV de Ann Arbor con Hazard Ratio (HR): 3.47,(IC95%: 1.20 ­6.11, P= 0.04), depleción linfocitaria HR: 4.98 (IC95%: 1.31 ­9.47, P= 0.04).Hemoglobina < 10.5 g/dL HR: 2.40,(IC95%: 1.47­5.94, P= 0.03), Albúmina < 4 g/dL HR: 4.02, IC95%: 1.94­7.26, P= 0.01) y linfocitos < 600 células/µL HR: 4.57, (IC95%: 1.85 ­11.28, P= 0.001)Conclusión: La prevalencia de LH fue ligeramente mayor en hombres, con una relación de 1.1: 1. LA incidencia fue bimodal, entre 31-40 años y entre 61-70 años, con síntomas B y adenomegalias. Los estadios II y III (Ann Arbor) fueron los más frecuentes. La Hemoglobina y albúmina fue menor en los fallecidos. El tratamiento de primera línea tuvo remisión completa en el 61.7% de los casos. La ausencia de síntomas B, se relacionó con una mayor supervivencia; los estadios avanzados se relacionaron con peor supervivencia; la supervivencia fue mayor en pacientes que obtuvieron remisión completa con la primera línea de tratamiento; la supervivencia general fue menor a la encontrada en países desarrollados

In troduction: Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) is a rare hematological neoplasm where neoplastic cells form a minority of the tumor and are surrounded by a reactive inflammatory medium that includes lympho-cytes eosinophils, neutrophils, histiocytes, and plasma cells. The objective of the present study was to describe a population with this pathology and its survival in 7 years of follow-up.Met hodology: This longitudinal study was carried out at the Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital, in Quito, Ec-uador, from 2013-2019, with a non-probabilistic sample of patients with HL. Demographic, clinical, labor-atory variables, Ann Arbor classification, histological classification, treatment and response, mortality, and survival time were recorded. Descriptive statistics are used; bivariate and survival analysis.R esults: 73 cases were analyzed, 43 men (58.9%). The group of 61 to 70 years was the most prevalent, with 19 cases (26%). 1 case (4.1%) with AIDS and 7 cases (9.6%) with immunosuppressants. B symp-toms in 49 cases (67.1%). Enlarged lymph nodes in 15 cases (20.5%). Bulky mass 5 cases (6.8%). 22 cases died (30.1%). Survival of 52.8 months, 83.6% received Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vincristine, and Dacarbazine as1st line of treatment, with complete remission in 61.7%. Ann Arbor stage IV with Hazard Ratio (HR): 3.47, (95% CI: 1.20 ­6.11, P= 0.04), lymphocyte depletion HR: 4.98 (95% CI: 1.31 ­9.47, P= 0.04). Hemoglobin < 10.5 g/dL HR: 2.40, (95% CI: 1.47 ­5.94, P= 0.03), Albumin < 4 g/dL HR: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.94 ­7.26, P= 0.01) and lymphocytes < 600 cells/ µL HR: 4.57, (95% CI: 1.85 ­11.28, P= 0.001).C o nclusion: The prevalence of HL was slightly higher in men, with a ratio of 1.1: 1. The incidence was bimodal, between 31-40 years and between 61-70 years, with B symptoms and enlarged lymph nodes. Stages II and III (Ann Arbor) were the most frequent. Hemoglobin and albumin were lower in the de-ceased. First-line treatment had complete remission in 61.7% of cases. The absence of B symptoms was related to more remarkable survival; advanced stages were related to worse survival; survival was higher in patients who achieved complete remission with the first line of treatment; overall survival was lower than that found indeveloped countries

Antiretroviral therapy use in selected countries in Latin America during 2013-2017: results from the Latin American Workshop in HIV Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To document antiretroviral use in Latin America during the last decade. METHODS: We collected indicators from 79 HIV health care centres in 14 Latin American Spanish-speaking countries for 2013-2017. Indicators were analysed by age, sex and other characteristics and weighted by the estimated people under care (PUC) population in each country. RESULTS: We gathered information on 116 299 PUC. One-third belonged to centres reporting a shortage of at least one antiretroviral therapy (ART) drug for >30 days during 2017. At end 2017, 95.1% of PUC were receiving ART. During 2013-2017, 45 329 people living with HIV were admitted to 39 centres. ART initiated during the first year after admission increased from 76.7% in 2013 to 83.8% in 2017. In 35 centres across the study period, 71.7% of PUC started ART with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine, and zidovudine use decreased. The third most common ART drug, EFV, reached 64.8%. Raltegravir and other alternatives increased annually to almost 10% of total use in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: Initial ART in Latin America is not based on the most recent scientific evidence and recommendations; use of drugs with higher efficacy and safety profiles and guarantee of ART availability continues to be a public health challenge.

Caracterización de los pacientes con leucemia aguda en un hospital de tercer nivel de Quito - Ecuador / Characterization of patients with acute leukemia in a third level hospital from Quito - Ecuador

INTRODUCCIÓN. Las leucemias agudas son neoplasias hematológicas primarias, carac-terizadas por la proliferación anormal de células inmaduras en la médula ósea. OBJETI-VO. Definir las características clínicas, demográficas, de laboratorio y citogenéticas de los pacientes diagnosticados con leucemias agudas; además sus complicaciones durante la inducción a la remisión. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. La población fue de 191 pacientes con diagnóstico de leucemia aguda en la Unidad Téc-nica de Hematología del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín entre enero 2016 y octubre 2018. Los datos fueron tomados de la Historia Clínica documentada en el sistema AS-400, el análisis descriptivo se realizó con el programa estadístico International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Versión 25.0. RESULTA-DOS. La leucemia mieloide aguda fue diagnosticada en el 62,30% (118; 191), seguida de la leucemia linfoide aguda en el 34,00% (64; 191). La leucemia aguda fue más común en hombres en un 54,45% (103; 191) que en mujeres. Las alteraciones de laboratorio más frecuentes fueron la hiperleucocitosis, anemia y trombocitopenia. En el 37,50% (69; 184) de los casos se determinó un cariotipo normal, la alteración numérica más frecuente fue la hipoploidía. La complicación más constante durante la inducción fueron las infecciones; el microorganismo hallado en más del 80,00% de los cultivos fueron las bacterias. CON-CLUSIÓN. La leucemia mieloide aguda fue el tipo más común en la población adulta, posterior a la inducción existió alto porcentaje de mortalidad y bajo de remisión completa

INTRODUCTION. Acute leukemias are primary hematologic malignancies, characterized by abnormal proliferation of immature cells in the bone marrow. OBJECTIVE. Define the clinical, demographic, laboratory and cytogenetic characteristics of the patients diagnosed with acute leukemias; also its complications during induction to remission. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive, retrospective study. The population was 191 patients diag-nosed with acute leukemia in the Technical Unit of Hematology of the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialty Hospital between january 2016 and october 2018. Data were taken from the Clinical History documented in the AS-400 system, the descriptive analysis was perfor-med with the International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 25.0. RESULTS. Acute myeloid leukemia was diagnosed in 62,30% (118; 191), followed by acute lymphoid leukemia at 34,00% (64; 191). Acute leukemia was more com-mon in men in 54,45% (103; 191) than in women. The most common laboratory disorders were hyperleukocytosis, anemia and thrombocytopenia. In 37,50% (69; 184) of cases, a normal karyotype was determined, the most frequent numerical alteration was hypoploidy. The most constant complication during induction were infections; the microorganism found in more than 80,00% of the cultures were bacteria. CONCLUSION. Acute myeloid leuke-mia was the most common type in the adult population, after induction there was a high percentage of mortality and a low rate of complete remission.