RESUMO
Cholera toxin (CT), a major enterotoxin produced by Vibrio cholerae, elicits mucosal adjuvant activities by inducing antigen-specific CD4+ T cells secreting T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is induced by Th1 cells specific for myelin-derived antigens. We induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 and CT was nasally administered as an immunomodulator on day 7 following MOG challenge. Clinical severity in the CT-treated mice was milder when compared to PBS-treated mice, while the levels of expression of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in the central nervous system (CNS) of CT-treated mice were lower than PBS-treated mice. Thus, nasal administration of the mucosal immunomodulator CT ameliorated the severity of EAE, which was associated with the suppression of Th1 cell responses.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Autoimunes/terapia , Toxina da Cólera/uso terapêutico , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/terapia , Células Th2/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Administração Intranasal , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/imunologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Toxina da Cólera/administração & dosagem , Toxina da Cólera/imunologia , Toxina da Cólera/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/imunologia , Feminino , Glicoproteínas/imunologia , Glicoproteínas/toxicidade , Humanos , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Glicoproteína Mielina-Oligodendrócito , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/toxicidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Baço/imunologia , Células Th1/imunologia , Células Th2/metabolismoRESUMO
A case of meningitis due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus occurred after neurosurgery. The cerebrospinal fluid cytology showed intracellular diplococci that strongly resembled Neisseria meningitidis. However, subsequent bacteriologic studies revealed a bacterium identical to A. calcoaceticus. It is of practical importance for cytology laboratories to recognize this diplococcal form of organism.
