Factores de riesgo relacionados con los hábitos de vida en pacientes con patología osteomuscular / Risk factors related with lifestyle in patients with musculoskeletal disorders

Introducción: las enfermedades osteomusculares (EOM) engloban una serie de patologías discapacitantes con alta incidencia y prevalencia, representando un alto costo económico y social. Es fundamental su prevención, por lo que es de gran interés determinar factores de riesgo modificables, como son los relacionados con los hábitos de vida. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y trasversal en 91 pacientes seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio sistemático y que fueron distribuidos en tres grupos experimentales según la causa y evolución de su EOM (cervicalgia, gonalgia y lumbalgia). Se realizó una medición biométrica, evaluación nutricional, de la actividad física y laboral, del balance muscular y del estado oxidativo. Resultados: el sexo femenino es el más afectado por la presencia de lesiones osteomusculares como cervicalgia y lumbalgia. En conjunto, la mayor parte de los pacientes (67,4%) tiene normopeso, el 24,41% sobrepeso y tan solo un 8,1% obesidad tipo I. Los pacientes con cervicalgia son el grupo que realiza menos actividad física y peor balance muscular presentan. El estrés oxidativo fue superior en pacientes con gonalgia que en los otros grupos. Con respecto a la dieta consumida, se observan diferencias entre grupos experimentales en el contenido mineral (Zn, Mn, Se y I) y vitamínico (folato y ácido ascórbico). Conclusiones: la ingesta de colecalciferol y vitaminas A y D es inferior a las recomendadas en todos los sujetos, lo que favorece la dolencia muscular. La ingesta de folato está por debajo de las recomendaciones, incidiendo en la mayor susceptibilidad al estrés oxidativo. La obesidad y estrés oxidativo se relacionan con la prevalencia de los diferentes tipos de EOM estudiados (AU)

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) encompass a series of debilitating diseases with high incidence and prevalence, representing a high economic and social cost. Prevention is crucial, so is of great interest to determine modifiable risk factors, such as those related to lifestyle. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 91 patients selected by systematic random sampling and were divided into three experimental groups according to the cause and evolution of its MSD (neck pain, knee pain and back pain). A biometric measurement, nutritional assessment, physical and occupational activity, muscle balance and oxidative status was performed. Results: The female is the most affected gender by the presence of musculoskeletal injuries such as neck pain and back pain. Overall, most patients (67.4%) had normal weight, overweight 24.41% and only 8.1% were obese type I. Patients with neck pain are the group doing less physical activity and worse muscular balance present. Oxidative stress was higher in patients with knee pain than in the other groups. Regarding the consumed diet, differences between experimental groups on the mineral content (Zn, Mn, Se and I) and vitamins (folate and ascorbic acid) are observed. Conclusions: Cholecalciferol intake and vitamins A and D is less than those recommended in all subjects, which promotes muscle disease. Folate intake was below recommendations, increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress. Obesity and oxidative stress related to the prevalence of the different types of MSDs studied (AU)

La exposición aguda a altitud previene el estrés oxidativo por una movilización del alfa-tocoferol plasmático / Acute exposure to moderate altitude prevents oxidative stress by a plasmatic alpha-tocopherol mobilization

Introducción: Existe gran controversia sobre el efecto de la hipoxia en el estatus oxidativo de deportistas; por otra parte, la mayoría de estudios analizan los mecanismos de adaptación tras un periodo de aclimatación y no contemplan el efecto de las exposiciones agudas. Así, nuestro estudio pretende comprobar el efecto del ejercicio y la exposición aguda a una altitud moderada sobre el estrés oxidativo en nadadores. Material y método: Diez nadadores entrenados (5 mujeres, 5 hombres) realizaron dos sesiones idénticas de entrenamiento de 90 minutos, una a 630 m (normoxia) y otra a 2320 m de altitud (hipoxia); ambas se ajustaron para generar valores de lactato ligeramente superiores al umbral anaeróbico. Se extrajeron 5 ml de sangre en reposo y tras el esfuerzo. Las muestras fueron centrifugadas para la obtención de plasma y congeladas a -80ºC. Como marcador de peroxidación lipídica se determinaron concentraciones de hidroperóxidos y sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Como mecanismo antioxidante no enzimático se cuantificó el alfa-tocoferol. Las comparaciones de medias se realizaron con una ANOVA de un factor. Resultados: La exposición a hipoxia produjo un descenso significativo de TBARS (20,78±8,36 nmol/ml, p<0,03) y, tras el esfuerzo, de hidroperóxidos (20,78±8,36 nmol/ml, p<0,03) en hombres. En nadadores de ambos sexos, el alfa-tocoferol disminuyó significativamente debido a la hipoxia (hombres: 23,06±4,26 nmol/ml, mujeres: 19,51±4,26 nmol/ml, p<0,001). En normoxia, las mujeres presentaron menor concentración de TBARS (20,54±8,36 nmol/ml, p<0,03) e hidroperóxidos (2,16±0,87 nmol/ml, p<0,03) que los hombres. La sesión de entrenamiento no modificó dichas variables. Conclusiones: En estudios previos demostramos una movilización de antioxidantes no enzimáticos desde plasma a tejidos muscular y hepático en situaciones de estrés oxidativo. Concluimos que una exposición aguda a altitud moderada podría prevenir el estrés oxidativo en nadadores debido a una rápida movilización del alfa-tocoferol plasmático (AU)

Introduction: There is a controversy concerning to the modulation of hypoxia-induced oxidative stress; in addition, most studies covered mechanism of adaptation to altitude after an acclimation period, and they did not test the effects of acute exposures to hypoxia. Thus, the aim of the study was to establish oxidative status of trained swimmers analyzing the effects of exercise and acute exposure to moderate altitude. Materials and methods: Ten well-trained swimmers (5 females, 5 males) performed two similar mild-intensity training sessions of 90 minutes, one at an altitude of 630 m (normoxia) and the second of 2320 m (hypoxia). Training sessions were regulated to generate blood lactate values slightly higher than anaerobic threshold. 5 ml of blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise. Plasma were obtained by blood-centrifugation, samples were stored at -80ºC until analysis. Lipid peroxidation markers were hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Alpha-tocopherol was analyzed as non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanism. Comparisons between means were performed using one-way ANOVA. Results: Acute exposure to hypoxia produced a significant decrease of TBARS (20.78±8.36 nmol/ml, p<0.03) and, after effort, of hydroperoxides (20.78±8.36 nmol/ml, p<0.03) in men. In swimmers of both sexes, plasmatic alpha-tocopherol significantly decreased by hypoxia (men: 23.06±4.26 nmol/ml, women: 19.51±4.26 nmol/ml, p<0.001). In normoxia condition, women presented lower concentrations of TBARS (20.54±8.36 nmol/ml, p<0.03) and hydroperoxides (2.16±0.87 nmol/ml, p<0.03) than men. Mild-intensity training session did not modify oxidative stress in well-trained swimmers. Conclusions: In previous studies we demonstrated a non-enzymatic antioxidant mobilization from plasma to muscular and hepatic tissues as a response to an oxidative stress situation. Therefore, we conclude that acute exposure to moderate altitude could prevent oxidative stress in swimmers by a fast mobilization of plasmatic alpha-tocopherol (AU)

[Effects of the consumption of Phlebodium Decumanum on plasma cortisol and testosterone levels in subjects participating in an exercise program]. / Efecto del Phlebodium Decumanum sobre los cambios en niveles plasmáticos de testosterona y cortisol inducidos por el ejercicio en sujetos no entrenados.

BACKGROUND: Phlebodium Decumanum is a type of fern that could have an immune or stress response modulating action. AIM: To evaluate if the consumption of a preparation obtained from Phlebodium Decumanum, modifies the changes induced by exercise in plasma levels of testosterone and cortisol. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen male subjects aged 22 +/- 2 years were randomized to consume Phlebodium Decumanum and 10 subjects, aged 23 +/- 1 years were ascribed to consume a placebo. Both groups performed a standard exercise program, three times a week during one month. Plasma free testosterone and cortisol levels were measured before and 48 hours after the last session of the exercise program. RESULTS: Cortisol levels increased significantly from 18.9 +/- 6.8 to 26.2 +/- 5.9 fig/dl, in the control group. In the group consuming the study product, no changes were detected (20.0 +/-4.6 and 20.9 +/- 5.9) fig/dl before and after the exercise program, respectively). Plasma free testosterone decreased significantly in both groups from 36.1 +/- 11.04 to 20.7 +/-4.3 pg/ml in the control group and from 33.7 +/- 10.0 pg/ml to 18.6 +/- 4.9 pg/ml in study group. CONCLUSIONS: The cortisol levels increased significantly in the control group but not in the study group. Therefore we can suggest that consumption of Phlebodium Decumanum would be able to modulate the response of this hormone to physical stress.