Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Feasibility of the NHPT-E of Manual Dexterity for the Spanish Population.

The Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) is considered a "gold standard" for the measurement of manual dexterity. The aim of this study was the translation and culturally adapting the original version of the NHPT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The adaptation was carried out following the standardized translation-retrotranslation guidelines and procedures referred to in the literature and in the International Test Commission (CIT). The final Spanish version of the NHPT (NHPT-E) was administered to 40 healthy adults. We evaluated its feasibility by means of a questionnaire elaborated according to Iraossi's checklist proposal for the pilot test process. RESULTS: Modifications of expression in the grammatical mode of the verbs were performed, as well as the adaptation of some terms used in the three sections of the original version of the test (General Information, Installation, and Application Instructions). In the pilot study, for 95% of the participants, the NHPT-E is a comfortable test to take, and, for 100% of the evaluators, the test includes all the necessary information, with clear instructions and interpretation of the results. CONCLUSIONS: The cross-cultural adaptation and pilot study enabled the development of a suitable and viable version of the NHPT-E for use in the Spanish population.

Perceptions of poverty in Spain: differences in the attitudinal profiles between women and men.

Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses privation of education, health or housing. Women show more positive perceptions of poor people, making external attributions for the causes of poverty or the circumstances that explain it. The aim of this study is to analyse perceptions of poverty, identifying the differences in attitudinal profiles between women and men, and the influence of their political and religious beliefs. The sample consists of 278 participants (154 women and 124 men), who completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Scale of Attitudes and Stereotypes toward Poverty. The results showed two attitude profiles for women and men, with differences in the first profile, where women or men did not have religious beliefs, had left-wing or centre-left political ideas and favourable attitudes about poverty.

Bibliometric Analysis of Research on the Use of the Nine Hole Peg Test.

Manual dexterity is essential for performing daily life tasks, becoming a primary means of interaction with the physical, social, and cultural environment. In this respect, the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) is considered a gold standard for assessing manual dexterity. Bibliometrics is a discipline that focuses on analyzing publications to describe, evaluate, and predict the status and development trends in certain fields of scientific research. We performed a bibliometric analysis to track research results and identify global trends regarding the use of the NHPT. The bibliographic data were retrieved from the Web of Science database and then analyzed using the Bibliometrix R package, resulting in the retrieval of a total of 615 publications from 1988 to 2021. Among the 263 journals investigated, the most prolific were the Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Clinical Rehabilitation, and Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. North America and Europe were the areas with the highest production of publications, with the United States (n = 104) ranking first in terms of the number of publications, followed by the United Kingdom (n = 62) and Italy (n = 62). The analysis of keywords revealed that there were two main lines of research, with one related to the study of recovery and disability of the upper limbs caused by certain diseases and another related to the study of reliability and validity. Structured information can be useful to understand the research trajectory and the uses of this tool.

Social Comparison and Stress Appraisal in Women with Chronic Illness.

(1) Background: The present study examined how social comparison orientation, stress appraisal and different social comparison strategies interact in women facing chronic illness. (2) Methods: Assessments were conducted by a trained professional in face-to face semistructured interviews (n = 179 women with chronic illness). Main outcome measures included social comparison scales and a stress appraisal questionnaire. The mediation model, by a bootstrapping procedure, was used to analyze the interaction among variables. (3) Results: Regarding the relationships among variables studied, they were related to each other except for a downward contrast, which allowed us to propose our hypothetical mediation model. Results showed that stress appraisal fully mediates between social comparison orientation and social comparison strategies except for the upward identification strategy. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that uncertainty, feelings of threat and low control over one's illness or, in general, stress appraisal, had an important mediating effects over social comparison processes in patients with chronic illnesses. Therefore, by understanding the stress appraisal process, and the variables that might modify it, we could improve the use of social comparison as a favorable coping strategy.

Profiles of Women With Fibromyalgia and Social Comparison Processes.

BACKGROUND: Due to uncertainty regarding chronic pain in Fibromyalgia (FM) patients, there has been a growing interest in social comparison and its influence on emotional responses. AIMS: to analyze profiles in FM patients according to pain perception, social comparison strategies and anxiety and depression. METHODS: The sample consisted of 131 FM outpatients (Mean age: 50.15, SD = 11.1). Two scales were used: the Social Comparison Illness Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: Two profiles were found by cluster analysis (K-means method): one (66%) with a higher level of pain perception, anxiety and depression and greater use of upward contrast and downward identification social comparison; and another (34%) with lower levels of pain perception, anxiety and depression and greater use of upward identification and downward contrast. CONCLUSION: These profiles underline the interest in social comparison strategies and their role in FM.

Revisión de estudios de la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HAD) en muestras españolas / Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) review in Spanish Samples

Introducción: La escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS-Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Zigmond y Snaith, 1983) se ha convertido en un popular instrumento clínico diseñado para evaluar ansiedad y depresión, encontrándose evidencias de que aplicado a diversas poblaciones parece tener tan buenas propiedades de detección cómo otros instrumentos. Numerosos trabajos en muestra española comprueban sus propiedades psicométricas y puntos de corte. Nuestro objetivo es unificar los resultados de estudios realizados en muestras españolas para concretar directrices que orienten en la aplicabilidad e interpretación de sus puntuaciones. Método: Revisión bibliográfica. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 15 artículos, a) se confirma que las propiedades psicométricas del HAD en diferentes muestras son óptimas, b) se presenta cierta variabilidad de puntos de corte para cada población y c) determinados ítems muestran débil carga factorial e ítem-test. Discusión: se plantea qué ítems deben reconsiderarse para un HAD abreviado. Se sugiere valorar la escala total de distrés

Introduction: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) has become a popular clinical instrument designed to assess anxiety and depression. Evidence of HADS’ good screening properties applied to several samples has been found. HADS seems to be as good screening properties as other tools. Different studies in Spanish sample tested its psychometric properties, including also their cut-offs points, specificity and sensitivity. Our aim is to unify the results of studies in Spanish population specifying guidelines regarding their applicability and interpretation of their cut-off points. Material and method: bibliographic review. Results: 15 articles were selected, a) HADS confirms its optimal psychometric properties in different groups, b) HADS shows some variability in proposed cut-off points for different groups, c) A number of items shown weak factor loading and item-test. Discussion: These items should be reconsidered for new proposals of a shortened final scale. We suggest attending at distress total scale

Análisis de algunos elementos de bienestar laboral en los médicos de los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios, entre la ilusión y el agotamiento / Analysis of several work-related well-being factors among emergency medical services physicians, between the thrill and the exhaustion

Los trabajos consultados hasta la fecha sobre Bienestar Laboral de los Médicos de Urgencias únicamente identifican las consecuencias negativas del Bienestar Laboral, en concreto el Agotamiento y el Cinismo. Sin embargo, recientes estudios en diferentes profesiones estudian las respuestas positivas del mismo, en concreto el Vigor y la Dedicación. El objeto del presente trabajo es analizar estas respuestas y los procesos subyacentes: Energía e IDENTIFICACIÓN. En el estudio, de diseño transversal, han participado 84 facultativos de todos los Servicios de Urgencias Hospitalarios de la Provincia de Alicante, siendo la tasa de respuesta del 71, 04% (N=117). Se realizan análisis descriptivos, de correlación y análisis factorial confirmatorio. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre todas las variables de estudio, además se reprodujo la estructura factorial de los procesos energía e identificación del modelo de bienestar laboral propuesto. En el trabajo se analizan los resultados obtenidos y las implicaciones prácticas del mismo (AU)

To date, most of the studies on work-related well-being among emergency departments physicians merely identify its negative consequences, specifically Emotional Exhaustion and Cynicism. Nevertheless, recent works approaching different professions have focused on the positive response to work-related well-being, namely Vigor and Dedication. The aim of this paper is to analyze these responses and the underlying processes: Energy and Identification. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 84 physicians form the Emergency Departments of all the hospitals in the province of Alicante. The response rate was 71,04% (N=117). Descriptive analysis, Pearson´s correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. A statistically significant correlation was found among all variables included in the study and factor structure of Energy and Identification processes was reproduced. The results and the practical implications of the study are assessed in this paper (AU)

Representación de la Enfermedad, Afrontamiento y Ajuste en los Trastornos Alimentarios / Illness Representation, Coping and Adjustment in Eating Disorders

El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la representación de la enfermedad en pacientes con un trastorno alimentario (TA), así como su relación con el afrontamiento y el ajuste, utilizando como marco teórico el Modelo del Sentido Común de Leventhal. Método: Participaron 98 mujeres diagnosticadas de un TA. La media de edad fue 20.8 años (dt=5.61). Para evaluar la representación de la enfermedad se administró la adaptación española para los TA del Cuestionario de Percepción de la Enfermedad Revisado (IPQ-R). Resultados: Respecto a la identidad, los síntomas más señalados fueron la “pérdida de peso” (89.8%) y las “alteraciones en la menstruación” (81.6%). Consideran que su enfermedad tiene una larga duración y serias consecuencias, así como que tienen control y siguiendo un tratamiento es posible su curación. El 21% de la varianza de las estrategias evitativas fue explicado por diferentes dimensiones de la representación de la enfermedad. Se confirman los efectos directos de la representación de la enfermedad sobre el ajuste, pero no los del afrontamiento. Conclusiones: Los resultados apoyan la necesidad de intervenir sobre las creencias que tienen estas pacientes sobre su enfermedad con el fin de mejorar su ajuste psicosocial (AU)

Introduction: Using Leventhal’s Common Sense Model, this paper describes the representation of illness in patients with eating disorders (ED), along with its relationship with coping and adjustment Method: Participants were 98 female eating disorder patients. Mean age was 20.8 (SD=5.61). In order to measure illness representation, the subjects completed the Spanish version of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Results: The most frequently experienced symptoms (identity) were “weight loss” (89.8%) and “irregularities in menstruation” (81.6%). ED patients perceived their illness as controllable, treatable, and as a chronic condition with serious consequences. Illness representation variables explained 21% of the variance of avoidance strategy. Results demonstrated that coping did not mediate the link between representation and adjustment. Conclusions: Findings indicate that illness representations of ED patients can have significant implications for their adjustment (AU)

Assesment of social support dimensions in patients with eating disorders.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study is to assess social support dimensions (providers, satisfaction and different support actions) in patients with eating disorders (ED), looking at diagnosis, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and self-concept. METHOD: A total of 98 female ED patients were recruited. The ages of participants ranged from 12 to 34 (Mean = 20.8-years-old, SD=5.61). Patients have a primary DSM-IV-R diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (61.2%), bulimia nervosa (27.6%) or an unspecified eating disorder (11.2%). Social support was assessed using the Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido (EASP). This scale measures social support providers, satisfaction and specific social support actions, which can be grouped into informational, emotional and practical support. Self-concept was assessed using the Cuestionario de Autoconcepto (AF-5). RESULTS: The two most frequent providers for these patients were mothers (86.7%) and partners (73.1%). Patients' satisfaction with social support was high and they reported that they received informational support more frequently than emotional and practical support. Family self-concept showed positive relationships with social support dimensions. CONCLUSION: These results show the importance of the family network in connection with these disorders and its relation to self-concept.

Assesment of Social Support Dimensions in Patients with Eating Disorders

The aim of this study is to assess social support dimensions (providers, satisfaction and different support actions) in patients with eating disorders (ED), looking at diagnosis, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and self-concept. Method: A total of 98 female ED patients were recruited. The ages of participants ranged from 12 to 34 (Mean=20.8 years old, SD=5.61). Patients have a primary DSM-IV-R diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (61.2%), bulimia nervosa (27.6%) or an unspecified eating disorder (11.2%). Social support was assessed using the Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido (EASP). This scale measures social support providers, satisfaction and specific social support actions, which can be grouped into informational, emotional and practical support. Self-concept was assessed using the Cuestionario de Autoconcepto (AF-5). Results: The two most frequent providers for these patients were mothers (86.7%) and partners (73.1%). Patients’ satisfaction with social support was high and they reported that they received informational support more frequently than emotional and practical support. Family self-concept showed positive relationships with social support dimensions. Conclusion: These results show the importance of the family network in connection with these disorders and its relation to self-concept (AU)

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las dimensiones del apoyo social (proveedores, satisfacción y tipos de apoyo) en pacientes con un trastorno del comportamiento alimentario (TCA), atendiendo a su diagnóstico, variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, así como a su autoconcepto. Método: Participaron 98 mujeres diagnosticadas de un TCA. La media de edad fue 20.8 años (dt=5.61). Un 61.2% estaban diagnosticadas de anorexia nerviosa, un 27.6% de bulimia y un 11.2% de un TCA no especificado. Para la evaluación del apoyo social se utilizó la Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido (EASP) que evalúa proveedores de apoyo, satisfacción y acciones específicas de apoyo que se agrupan en los diferentes tipos de apoyo; informativo, emocional e instrumental. Para la evaluación del autoconcepto se usó el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto (AF-5). Resultados: Los análisis mostraron que los proveedores de apoyo más frecuentes para las pacientes con un TCA eran su madre (86.7%) y su pareja (73.1%). Presentaron una satisfacción elevada con el apoyo e informaron que recibían más apoyo informativo que instrumental y emocional. El autoconcepto familiar mostró relaciones positivas con las distintas dimensiones del apoyo. Conclusiones: Estos resultados manifiestan la importancia de la red familiar en estos trastornos, así como para el desarrollo de su autoconcepto (AU)