RESUMO
Educators often struggle when teaching cellular and molecular processes because typically they have only two-dimensional tools to teach something that plays out in four dimensions. Learning research has demonstrated that visualizing processes in three dimensions aids learning, and animations are effective visualization tools for novice learners and aid with long-term memory retention. The World Wide Web Instructional Committee at North Dakota State University has used these research results as an inspiration to develop a suite of high-quality animations of molecular and cellular processes. Currently, these animations represent transcription, translation, bacterial gene expression, messenger RNA (mRNA) processing, mRNA splicing, protein transport into an organelle, the electron transport chain, and the use of a biological gradient to drive adenosine triphosphate synthesis. These animations are integrated with an educational module that consists of First Look and Advanced Look components that feature captioned stills from the animation representing the key steps in the processes at varying levels of complexity. These animation-based educational modules are available via the World Wide Web at http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations. An in-class research experiment demonstrated that student retention of content material was significantly better when students received a lecture coupled with the animations and then used the animation as an individual study activity.
Assuntos
Tecnologia Educacional/métodos , Biologia Molecular/educação , Biologia Molecular/métodos , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas/métodos , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Recursos Audiovisuais , Biologia , Gráficos por Computador , Alfabetização Digital , Simulação por Computador , Capacitação de Usuário de Computador , Instrução por Computador , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Internet , Aprendizagem , Modelos Educacionais , Software , EnsinoRESUMO
This paper discusses the rank set sampling (RSS) protocol as it pertains to the estimation of a population proportion. The ranking process is based on a concomitant variable. The concomitant-based RSS estimate is asymptotically normal so standard inference procedures can still be implemented. This is illustrated using a real data set from the medical literature. The performance of the estimator is studied in terms of relative efficiency. Generally speaking, the concomitant-based RSS estimator is more efficient than the proportion of successes in a simple random sample. The greatest gains in efficiency are obtained when the correlation between the Bernoulli and concomitant variable is large in absolute value.
