Síntomas depresivos y niveles séricos de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 y omega-6 en universitarios del norte de México / Depressive symptoms and serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 among college students from Northern Mexico

Introducción: estudios previos sugieren que un bajo consumo de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) omega-3 y razón omega-6/omega-3 alta, así como niveles séricos bajos, se asocian con trastornos depresivos, sin embargo, los resultados no son concluyentes. Objetivos: evaluar los niveles séricos de AGPI omega-3 (ácido eicosapentaenoico [EPA], docosahexaenoico [DHA], alfalinolenico [ALA]) y la razón omega-6 (ácido araquidónico [AA])/EPA, en relación a los síntomas depresivos en universitarios del norte de México. Material y métodos:estudio transversal que incluyó 60 participantes (18 a 24 años de edad) de ambos sexos, con determinaciones séricas de EPA, DHA, ALA y AA, quienes respondieron la escala de depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) validada para estudiantes mexicanos. La relación de los AGPI omega-3 y omega-6 con los síntomas depresivos se evaluó con modelos de regresión lineal. Resultados: los niveles séricos de EPA, DHA y razón EPA/DHA no se correlacionaron con síntomas depresivos, un incremento en ALA sérico se correlacionó con menos síntomas depresivos antes y después de ajustar por confusores; sin embargo, los resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos. En mujeres, la escala CES-D incrementó 5,5 puntos (p = 0,57) por 1% de incremento en EPA y disminuyó 6,7 puntos (p = 0,39) por 1% de incremento en ALA. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados no confirman la asociación entre los niveles séricos de AGPI omega-3 y razón omega-6/omega-3 con síntomas depresivos. La correlación negativa del nivel sérico de ALA con síntomas depresivos necesita ser confirmada en estudios de seguimiento (AU)

Introduction: Previous studies suggest that low consumption as well as low serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-3 and a high omega-6/omega-3 ratio may be implicated in the etiology of depressive disorders, however, epidemiologic evidence is inconclusive. Objective: To assess the relationship of serum levels of omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic [DHA], eicosapentaenoic [EPA], alpha-linolenic fatty acid [ALA]) and the omega-6 (arachidonic acid [AA])/EPA ratio with depressive symptoms among Mexican college students. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study that included 60 male and female participants (ages 18 to 24 years) with serum levels of EPA, DHA, ALA and AA. Depressive symptoms were ascertained with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale validated for Mexican students. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and serum PUFA omega-3 and omega-6. Results: Serum levels of EPA, DHA and EPA/DHA ratio were not related to depressive symptoms, high serum ALA was related with lower depressive symptoms before and after covariate adjustment; however, these results were not statistically significant. Among women, 1% increase in EPA resulted in 5.5. (p = 0.57) increase in the depressive scale scores while 1% increase in ALA resulted in 6.7 decrease (p = 0.39) in the scores. Conclusions: Our results did not confirm the relationship of serum levels of PUFA omega-3 and omega-6/omega-3 ratio with depressive symptoms; the negative correlation of serum ALA with depressive symptoms remains to be confirmed in prospective studies (AU)

[Depressive symptoms and serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 among college students from Northern Mexico]. / Síntomas depresivos y niveles séricos de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 y omega-6 en universitarios del norte de México.

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies suggest that low consumption as well as low serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-3 and a high omega-6/omega-3 ratio may be implicated in the etiology of depressive disorders, however, epidemiologic evidence is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of serum levels of omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic [DHA], eicosapentaenoic [EPA], alpha-linolenic fatty acid [ALA]) and the omega-6 (arachidonic acid [AA])/EPA ratio with depressive symptoms among Mexican college students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study that included 60 male and female participants (ages 18 to 24 years) with serum levels of EPA, DHA, ALA and AA. Depressive symptoms were ascertained with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale validated for Mexican students. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and serum PUFA omega-3 and omega-6. RESULTS: Serum levels of EPA, DHA and EPA/DHA ratio were not related to depressive symptoms, high serum ALA was related with lower depressive symptoms before and after covariate adjustment; however, these results were not statistically significant. Among women, 1% increase in EPA resulted in 5.5. (p = 0.57) increase in the depressive scale scores while 1% increase in ALA resulted in 6.7 decrease (p = 0.39) in the scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our results did not confirm the relationship of serum levels of PUFA omega-3 and omega-6/omega-3 ratio with depressive symptoms; the negative correlation of serum ALA with depressive symptoms remains to be confirmed in prospective studies.

[ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS AND CARDIOMETABOLIC EVENTS AMONG SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN FROM SONORA, MEXICO]. / INDICADORES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS Y SU ASOCIACIÓN CON EVENTOS CARDIOMETABÓLICOS EN ESCOLARES DE SONORA, MÉXICO.

INTRODUCTION: obesity in childhood is predictive of obesity in adulthood and it is associated with adverse health effect apparent since childhood; however, the joint assessment of obesity and adverse events among children in clinical settings is unusual. OBJECTIVES: to assess the association of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity, and excess body fat with systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP] blood pressure, lipid profile and glucose levels; and to identify the best anthropometric indicator of such events. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we conducted a cross-sectional study in a sample of 412 schoolchildren. The presence of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity and excess body fat was determined among all participants; levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins, and glucose were measured in a subsample (n = 133). The associations of interest were assessed using adjusted linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS: 33% of the children were overweight or obese. Overall, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and excess body fat were associated with elevated SBP and DBP and with a lipid profile and glucose levels that could indicate health risks among these children. Overweight and obesity were the best predictors of such events. CONCLUSIONS: among these school-aged children, we observed that obesity was associated with high odds of having adverse health outcomes such as high blood pressure, lipids and glucose. Such adverse events can be predicted by the presence of obesity measured by BMI, which is a noninvasive, inexpensive and easy to implement measure.

Introducción: la obesidad durante la niñez es predictiva de obesidad en la adultez y se asocia a eventos adversos para la salud observables desde etapas tempranas; sin embargo, la evaluación conjunta de obesidad y eventos adversos en los menores no es parte de la atención médica habitual. Objetivos: evaluar la asociación de sobrepeso y obesidad, obesidad abdominal y exceso de grasa corporal con la presión arterial sistólica [PAS] y diastólica [PAD], y el perfil de lípidos y glucosa; e identificar el mejor indicador antropométrico de dichos eventos. Material y métodos: estudio transversal en 412 escolares a quienes se les determinó la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, obesidad abdominal y exceso de grasa corporal. Los niveles de colesterol total, triglicéridos, lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad y glucosa se determinaron en una submuestra (n = 133). Las asociaciones se evaluaron con modelos de regresión lineal y logística ajustados. Resultados: el 33% de los participantes tuvieron sobrepeso u obesidad. El sobrepeso, la obesidad, la obesidad abdominal y el exceso de grasa corporal se asociaron con un incremento de PAS y PAD, y con un perfil de lípidos y glucosa que representan riesgos para la salud. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron los mejores predictores de dichos eventos. Conclusiones: en nuestra población, la obesidad se asoció con mayor posibilidad de presentar eventos adversos para la salud como PA elevada, niveles de lípidos y glucosa altos. La obesidad puede ser determinada con el IMC, que es un índice de bajo coste, no invasivo y de fácil implementación.

Indicadores antropométricos y su asociación con eventos cardiometabólicos en escolares de Sonora, México / Anthropometric indicators and cardiometabolic events among school-aged children from sonora, Mexico

Introducción: la obesidad durante la niñez es predictiva de obesidad en la adultez y se asocia a eventos adversos para la salud observables desde etapas tempranas; sin embargo, la evaluación conjunta de obesidad y eventos adversos en los menores no es parte de la atención médica habitual. Objetivos: evaluar la asociación de sobrepeso y obesidad, obesidad abdominal y exceso de grasa corporal con la presión arterial sistólica [PAS] y diastólica [PAD], y el perfil de lípidos y glucosa; e identificar el mejor indicador antropométrico de dichos eventos. Material y métodos: estudio transversal en 412 escolares a quienes se les determinó la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, obesidad abdominal y exceso de grasa corporal. Los niveles de colesterol total, triglicéridos, lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad y glucosa se determinaron en una submuestra (n = 133). Las asociaciones se evaluaron con modelos de regresión lineal y logística ajustados. Resultados: el 33% de los participantes tuvieron sobrepeso u obesidad. El sobrepeso, la obesidad, la obesidad abdominal y el exceso de grasa corporal se asociaron con un incremento de PAS y PAD, y con un perfil de lípidos y glucosa que representan riesgos para la salud. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron los mejores predictores de dichos eventos. Conclusiones: en nuestra población, la obesidad se asoció con mayor posibilidad de presentar eventos adversos para la salud como PA elevada, niveles de lípidos y glucosa altos. La obesidad puede ser determinada con el IMC, que es un índice de bajo coste, no invasivo y de fácil implementación (AU)

Introduction: obesity in childhood is predictive of obesity in adulthood and it is associated with adverse health effect apparent since childhood; however, the joint assessment of obesity and adverse events among children in clinical settings is unusual. Objectives: to assess the association of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity, and excess body fat with systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP] blood pressure, lipid profile and glucose levels; and to identify the best anthropometric indicator of such events. Material and methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study in a sample of 412 schoolchildren. The presence of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity and excess body fat was determined among all participants; levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins, and glucose were measured in a subsample (n = 133). The associations of interest were assessed using adjusted linear and logistic regression models. Results: 33% of the children were overweight or obese. Overall, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and excess body fat were associated with elevated SBP and DBP and with a lipid profile and glucose levels that could indicate health risks among these children. Overweight and obesity were the best predictors of such events. Conclusions: among these school-aged children, we observed that obesity was associated with high odds of having adverse health outcomes such as high blood pressure, lipids and glucose. Such adverse events can be predicted by the presence of obesity measured by BMI, which is a noninvasive, inexpensive and easy to implement measure (AU)