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Background: Leadership is the basis of professional and organizational commitment, teamwork and success. Midwives leaders' leadership skills and capabilities have long been recognized as essential contributors to health services and outcomes. However, there are insufficient reports on the effect of leadership styles on midwives' performance in African countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of leadership style on midwives' performance in public health Institutions, southwest Ethiopia. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of leadership style on midwives' performance, Southwest Ethiopia/2022. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 121 midwives using a random sampling technique and a pre-tested questionnaire from May 19/2022-June to 6/2022. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.4.2.1, edited, coded, categorized and cleaned before analysis. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 24; and the results are presented in tables, and statements. Correlations and linear regressions were conducted to identify the relationship between leadership style and midwives' performance. Results: In this study, the autocratic leadership style was predominantly practiced by midwifery leaders with a mean score of 2.996 followed by democratic (Mean=2.632) and laissez-faire (Mean=2.49) leadership styles. Inferential statistics (Correlation) analysis revealed a positive relationship between democratic and laissez-faire leadership styles and a negative relationship between autocratic styles and midwives' performance. Multiple linear regressions showed that both democratic (P=0.02) and laissez-faire leadership styles (P=0.00) had a positive effect where as autocratic leadership style (P=0.60) had a negative effect on midwives' performance. Conclusion and Recommendation: Autocratic Leadership is the most practiced leadership style in the study area. An autocratic leadership style was negatively related to midwives' performance, while democratic and laissez faire styles were positively related. Therefore, health care leaders, administrators, supervisors and department heads should implement democratic and laissez-faire leadership styles to enhance midwives' performance.
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INTRODUCTION: Informed consent is the process whereby a patient makes a voluntary decision about their medical and surgical care with knowledge of the benefits and potential risks. Poor informed consent processes may increase potential for medical errors and malpractice. Little is known of the knowledge of surgical informed consent with regard to their surgical treatment in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of surgical informed consent and associated factors among patients who underwent obstetric and gynecologic surgery at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia. METHODS AND MATERIALS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2020, among 404 women undergo obstetric and gynecologic surgery at Jimma Medical Center. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were coded, entered into Epi data version 3.1, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the association between an outcome variable and an independent variable. Tables, pie-charts, and texts were used to report the result. RESULTS: Of 404 patients sampled, only 372 women were agreed and participated in the study and gave response rate of 92.1%. The respondent satisfaction level (AOR 1.823 (95%CI 1.061-3.134)) and patient to provider relationship (AOR 0.472 (CI 1.217-3.697)) were associated with knowledge of surgical informed consent. CONCLUSION: The overall level of knowledge regarding informed consent for surgerywas significantly lower than that of other national and international figures. Patient satisfaction and patientto provider relationships were associated with knowledge of surgical informed consent. Adequate information should provide before surgery to improve patients' knowledge regarding surgical informed consent and to improve the consent process to make it better suited to fit the needs of all patients.
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BACKGROUND: Corona (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus. The World Health Organization has recommended several preventive measures for COVID-19 and African countries, including Ethiopia had accepted and engaged in the recommended preventive measures. Adherence to COVID-19 prevention measure is still a big problem; however, the level of adherence to preventive measures had not reported in Ethiopia among students and there is an information gap, therefore, this study conducted to fill the information gap on level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among students. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and its associated factors among high school students in Jimma Town public High Schools in southwest Ethiopia, 2021. METHODS SAND MATERIALS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 systematically selected high school students from Jimma town from July 15 to August 2, 2021. The sample size was determined using a single-population proportion formula, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-data manager 4.4.2.1 then exported to Stata 14 for cleaning and analysis. Bivariate and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were declared to identify significant variables. Finally; significant factors were determined at a significance level of <0.05. RESULTS: Of 388 students included in the analysis, approximately 14.7% (95%CI: 11.51-18.60) of students had good level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures.Only 6.9%of participants had good knowledge where as approximately half of the respondents had favorable attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures. Factors such as Female gender (AOR = 1.03(95%CI: 1.01-1.74), access to water and soap (AOR = 2.11(95%CI: 1.06-4.19) andattitude (AOR = 4.36(95%CI: 2.69-7.08)) were found to have a statistically significant association with level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. CONCLUSION: Adherence to COVID-19preventive measures among students wasunexpectedly lower than in other studies. Female gender, lack of access to water and soap, and attitudes were factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Therefore, to ensure maximal adherence to preventive measures for COVID-19, special messages and efforts targeting males, increasing access to water and soap, trainingto improve attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures should be implemented at schools.
