RESUMO
Plant Resistance (R) genes encode immune receptors that recognize pathogens and activate defense responses. Because of fitness costs associated with maintaining R protein-mediated resistance, expression levels of R genes have to be tightly regulated. However, mechanisms on how R-gene expression is regulated are poorly understood. Here we show that MODIFIER OF snc1, 1 (MOS1) regulates the expression of SUPPRESSOR OF npr1-1, CONSTITUTIVE1 (SNC1), which encodes a Toll/interleukin receptor-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat type of R protein in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In the mos1 loss-of-function mutant plants, snc1 expression is repressed and constitutive resistance responses mediated by snc1 are lost. The repression of snc1 expression in mos1 is released by knocking out DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION1. In mos1 mutants, DNA methylation in a region upstream of SNC1 is altered. Furthermore, expression of snc1 transgenes using the native promoter does not require MOS1, indicating that regulation of SNC1 expression by MOS1 is at the chromatin level. Map-based cloning of MOS1 revealed that it encodes a novel protein with a HLA-B ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPT2 (BAT2) domain that is conserved in plants and animals. Our study on MOS1 suggests that BAT2 domain-containing proteins may function in regulation of gene expression at chromatin level.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/química , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Sequência Conservada/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Imunidade Inata/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/química , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Alelos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Arabidopsis/microbiologia , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Cromatina/metabolismo , Clonagem Molecular , Metilação de DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Genes de Plantas/genética , Loci Gênicos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação/genética , Fenótipo , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Alinhamento de Sequência , Fatores de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
Arabidopsis nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes (NPR1) is the sole positive regulator that has been shown to be essential for the induction of systemic acquired resistance. In npr1 mutant plants, salicylic acid (SA)-mediated PR gene expression and pathogen resistance are abolished completely. NPR1 has been shown to interact with three closely related TGA transcription factors-TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6-in yeast two-hybrid assays. To elucidate the biological functions of these three TGA transcription factors, we analyzed single and combined deletion knockout mutants of TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6 for SA-induced PR gene expression and pathogen resistance. Induction of PR gene expression and pathogen resistance by the SA analog 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) was blocked in tga6-1 tga2-1 tga5-1 but not in tga6-1 or tga2-1 tga5-1 plants. Loss of INA-induced resistance to Peronospora parasitica Noco2 cosegregated with the tga6-1 mutation in progeny of multiple lines that were heterozygous for tga6-1 and homozygous for tga2-1 tga5-1 and could be complemented by genomic clones of wild-type TGA2 or TGA5, indicating that TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6 encode redundant and essential functions in the positive regulation of systemic acquired resistance. In addition, tga6-1 tga2-1 tga5-1 plants had reduced tolerance to high levels of SA and accumulated higher basal levels of PR-1 under noninducing conditions, suggesting that these TGA factors also are important for SA tolerance and the negative regulation of the basal expression of PR-1.
