[Treatment of congenital ptosis in a low-income country: polypropylene frontalis sling at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology]. / Traitement du ptosis congénital dans un pays à faible revenu : suspension du releveur au muscle frontal par le polypropylène à l'Institut d'Ophtalmologie tropicale de l'Afrique (IOTA).

INTRODUCTION: Treatment of congenital ptosis is exclusively surgical; the frontalis sling method is most appropriate when the ptosis is severe, with no upper eyelid levator function. This surgery typically utilizes various materials (autologous fascia lata, silicone, nylon, or polypropylene bands, etc.). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study of 22 children under 16 years of age, treated for congenital ptosis by frontalis suspension of the levator muscle of the upper eyelid using the polypropylene technique, between January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2017 at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology teaching hospital. RESULTS: In our study, the surgical result (prior to correction of recurrences) was satisfactory in 81.82 % of cases, with a recurrence rate of 13.64 %. The mean follow-up was 14 months, ranging from 4 to 25 months. DISCUSSION: The use of polypropylene provides encouraging results in ptosis surgery, while also offering the advantage of being low cost and more available. Its use in developing countries deserves special attention.

Evaluation de la qualité de vie chez les patients atteints de glaucome primitif a angle ouvert en milieu urbain

Introduction : La qualité de vie se définit par le bien-être physique, émotionnel et social d'un individu. Le Glaucome Primitif à Angle Ouvert (GPAO) est une neuropathie optique cécitante, il peut modifier la qualité de vie de par son caractère chronique et irréversible. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la qualité de vie chez les patients atteints de GPAO en milieu urbain. Patients et méthodes: il s'agissait d'une étude quantitative transversale à visée descriptive sur 3 mois. Les patients suivis pour GPAO au CHU-IOTA avec un âge ≥ 18 ans ont été inclus et soumis au questionnaire GlauQOL-17 pour la collecte des données. Résultats : Nous avons colligé 100 patients glaucomateux, la moyenne d'âge des patients était de 52 ans avec un écart type de 14,02. Les extrêmes d'âges sont de 18 et 81 ans. Il y avait une prédominance masculine; (54%) avec un sex-ratio (M/F) de 1.7. Les acuités visuelles bonnes étaient majoritaires (supérieures ou égales à 3/10).Parmi nos patients 35% étaient au stade de glaucome débutant à OD et 30% au stade de glaucome modéré à OG. Nos patients avaient un mauvais score qualité de vie (score < à 50%) dans les dimensions Anxiété et conduite. Chez les patients de moins de 70 ans nous avons noté un mauvais score d'anxiété dans tous les stades évolutifs de la maladie. Les scores des dimensions image de soi, contraintes, et prise en charge étaient supérieurs à 60% chez les patients de plus de 70 ans. Conclusion: L'altération de certains domaines étudiés était proportionnelle à l'évolution du GPAO. Cette dégradation peut avoir des impacts physiques, psychologiques et sociaux sur ses patients

Causes of blindness in children attending a school for the blind in Mali.

INTRODUCTION: Among the 1.4 million blind children in the world, 300,000 live in Africa. The causes of blindness vary from one country to another. The purpose of our study was to report the causes of childhood blindness and visual impairment in children attending the only school for the blind in Mali (National Institute for the Blind in Mali, INAM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All children attending the INAM were examined. Blindness was defined as visual acuity less than 3/60 (20/400 or 0.05). Visual impairment was moderate when the visual acuity was less than 6/18 (20/70 or 0.30), but greater than or equal to 6/60 (20/200 or 0.1), and severe when visual acuity was less than 6/60 (20/200 or 0.1), but greater than or equal to 3/60 (20/400 or 0.05). RESULTS: The study included a total of 104 children. The average age of our patients was 12 years with a M/F sex-ratio of 1.12. In all, 85.6 % of the children were blind and 14.4 % visually impaired. The main causes of blindness were corneal opacities (26 %), and whole globe lesions and conditions (19.2 %). Ametropia accounted for 60 % of visual impairment. DISCUSSION: According to WHO, corneal and retinal damage are the leading cause of blindness (50.6 %) in children. In our series, corneal diseases were the leading cause, following by damage to the whole globe. CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that avoidable and treatable causes of childhood blindness are the leading causes of blindness of children at INAM.

[Epidemiological study on the visual ability of official public transport drivers in Bamako]. / Étude épidémiologique de l'aptitude visuelle des chauffeurs de transports collectifs officiels de Bamako.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the public transport drivers' visual driving ability in Bamako. We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study from May 15 to July 15, 2013. The probabilistic method was used. 385 drivers were examined at the University Hospital of the Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology of Africa (IOTA). The average age was 44.69 years. 296 drivers (76.9%) were able to drive public transport vehicles. Among drivers over 50 years old, 42.5% are unfit for driving. Color vision was normal in 98.7 % of cases. Ametropia, cataract and neuropathies accounted for 48.5%, 25.1% and 17.5% respectively, of the causes of impaired vision of drivers. According to European legislation, official transport drivers must be subject to periodic eye examinations. In the absence of such measures in Malian legislation, 42.5% of drivers over 50 years old are unfit to drive. The improvement of road safety requires the renewal and application of the texts for the delivery and renewal of the driver's license of public transport drivers.