Epidermoid cyst of the midline neck in an 8-year-old girl: A case report.

Epidermoid cysts (ECs) are usually small, benign, keratin-filled cysts, can be congenital or acquired and encountered anywhere in the body. EC and dermoid cyst constitute approximately 7% of all cysts in the head and neck region and tend to occur in areas of embryonic fusion. Neck masses are commonly present in children, and there is often a diagnostic dilemma clinically with common differential diagnoses of this region such as thyroglossal cyst, pre-tracheal lymph nodes, thyroid mass, EC and dermoid cyst. EC is mostly present in middle-aged males, and here, we are going to present an EC of the midline neck in an 8-year-old girl, which is not common.

Knowledge, attitude and preparedness to combat COVID-19 infection among dental professionals: A student-centric pilot study.

Background: In the COVID-19 age, attempts are being made to raise student awareness and improve best practices to contain the outbreak. Methodology: The target population was interns and 3rdyear undergraduate students from JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysuru. COVID-19 knowledge, awareness and attitude of the students and interns and the preparedness to tackle the current COVID 19 pandemic were assessed. Results: 120 respondents responded via a contented validated self-administered questionnaire with regard to knowledge, attitude and practices and preparedness to address the COVID 19 pandemic by undergraduates and interns. The student participants irrespective of their years into practice were aware of the guidelines being issued by Health care authorities and to address the COVID 19 pandemic. Among the respondents, 57.5% were 3rd year dental students and 42.5% were interns. Regarding knowledge about COVID infection, 42.9% (3rd year students) and 57.1% of the interns were aware of the recent developments, 34.1% of the III year students were aware of the safe distance to be maintained between patients, 42.4% of the students and 57.6% of interns were aware of the authority to be contacted with suspected COVID 19 infections. The participants were also aware of the vaccine trial which was conducted. Most of the respondents (64.3% of the students and 78.6% of the interns) were aware of fumigation in clinical or high-contact areas on a daily basis and biweekly in nonclinical areas. Conclusions: The results suggest a strong need to encourage the current training program among students in health care-related fields.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia on lip in a 10-year-old girl.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is an uncommon benign vascular lesion that is clinically characterized as papule or nodule and commonly found in the head-and-neck areas although rarely involve oral cavity. The etiology of ALHE is currently unknown, and various hypotheses include a reactive vascular proliferation, vascular malformation or neoplasm. ALHE is mostly occurs in middle-aged females and rare in children. Here, we are presenting a case of ALHE on lip in a 10-year-old female child.

Transepidermal elimination of suture material in lip biopsy specimen.

Transepidermal elimination (TE) is a well-known phenomenon by which dermal materials are expelled through an active epithelial-dermal connective tissue interaction. It has been associated with many cutaneous disorders and described as a regular or sporadic occurrence in a variety of dermatologic conditions. TE as a means of expulsion by skin, either externally introduced or endogenously generated foreign material, is well recognized but rarely appreciated phenomenon. Hence, here we are presenting a case of TE of suture material from the labial surface of the lower lip in a patient who was previously operated for mucocele a year back and reported with the impression of the recurrent lesion.

Estimation of postmortem death interval from autopsied tongue tissue: A cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT: Estimation of time since death is the preliminary step in any postmortem examination. Although there are various physiological methods to conclude the postmortem, interval histological changes can be applied to obtain precision. However, the utility of oral tissues for such an event is still evolving. AIMS: The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of postmortem histological changes that occur in tongue to conclude the postmortem interval (PMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: After obtaining institutional human ethical committee, tongue tissue was collected for during routine autopsy procedure. The study comprised twelve autopsied tongue tissues. The tissue specimens were subjected to routine laboratory tissue processing procedure and the histological changes were evaluated. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of this kind in the scientific literature to explore the tongue tissue to estimate the PMI. There were definite changes in the epithelium and the connective tissue of the tongue, and these features were highly remarkable at various postmortem time intervals.

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based detection of HPV 16 E6 and E7 DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Although human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered as a causative factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCs), its pathogenetic role is not well established. Moreover, a limited number of studies have compared the techniques of detecting the HPV infection in OSCC. This study aimed at the detection of HPV 16 E6 and E7 DNA in OSCC by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study included 297 tissue sections obtained from histopathologically confirmed OSCC patients. The classification of tumors as poorly differentiated, moderately differentiated and well differentiated was performed by H&E staining following the WHO criteria for OSCC. The presence of HPV infection was detected by p16INK4A expression, conventional PCR technique, HPV 16 E6, and E7 by qPCR and flow cytometry. All statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc software v.16.4.3. P < 0.05 is considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Of 297 samples, 128 samples were found to be HPV-positive by p16. Of total 128 HPV-positive samples, PCR, E6, and E7 qPCR were positive in 19, 97, and 98 samples, respectively. qPCR techniques were found highly significant in the detection of moderately differentiated (P < 0.0001) and widely differentiated (P < 0.0001) cases. The positivity of E6 qPCR increased as the p16 expression increased. A significant variation in E6 DNA copies was observed in different grades of p16 expression (P < 0.0001). However, overall E7 (5.4 × 105 copies/µL) DNA copies were higher than E6 (7.7 × 103 copies/µL). CONCLUSION: qPCR detection of HPV infection is a fast, reliable, and accurate technique gives valuable information about the infection status in terms of viral load.

Intraoral plexiform neurofibroma involving the maxilla - pathognomonic of neurofibromatosis type I.

Neurofibromatosis is one of the phakomatosis (neurodermatoses) which are genetically determined hamartomatous or neoplastic diseases of the skin and nervous system. It is not a single entity, but a group of heterogeneous multisystemic neurocutaneous disorders involving both neuroectodermal and mesenchymal derivatives. Plexiform neurofibroma, a histopathologic variant of neurofibroma, is a hallmark of neurofibromatosis type I (NF-I). It is pathognomonic of NF-I and may be the first sign of neurofibromatosis. It often appears within the first 2 years of life or before adolescence and occurs in only 5% of NF-I cases. We present a case of intraosseous plexiform neurofibroma of the maxilla in a 2-year old female, which is rare, along with the oral manifestations and clinicopathological characteristics. Because NF-I is one of the most common genetic disorders and oral manifestations are common, knowledge of the variability of presentation in children is necessary for prompt diagnosis.