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1.
Nutrients ; 16(10)2024 May 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38794766

RESUMO

There are no evidence-based recommendations regarding the introduction of solid foods in preterm infants. The objective of this study was to investigate whether age at the introduction of solid foods affects neurodevelopmental outcomes. This study focuses on analyzing secondary outcomes from a prospective trial involving very low birth weight infants who were randomly assigned to either an early (10-12th week corrected age) or a late (16-18th week corrected age) complementary feeding group. The study evaluated neurodevelopmental outcomes at one and two years of corrected age, as well as at three years and four months of uncorrected age by utilizing Bayley scales. In total, 89 infants were assigned to the early and 88 infants to the late group, all with a mean gestational age of 27 + 1 weeks. A linear mixed-effects model was used to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes across the study groups, taking into account variables such as gestational age at birth, sex, nutrition at discharge, parents' highest education level, and high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage. The analysis did not reveal any significant differences between the groups. The timepoint of the introduction of solid foods had no impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes at one and two years of corrected age, and at three years and four months of uncorrected age.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Estudos Prospectivos , Idade Gestacional , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Alimentos Infantis , Pré-Escolar
2.
J Xenobiot ; 14(1): 247-266, 2024 Feb 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38390995

RESUMO

Breast milk holds an immense nutritional value as it contains health-promoting substances in a unique, optimal form. Additionally, breast milk's significance extends to health and environmental protection, as it serves as an indicator of both maternal and infant exposure. In this study, breast milk samples collected in 2013 and in 2014-2016 from mothers in Vienna (Austria) were analysed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), as well as further substances which have been listed under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) due to their persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. The total concentration of the PBDE congeners in the samples (n = 18, sampled 2013) ranged from 0.055 to 52 ng/g lipid, and from 0.002 to 2.5 ng/g breast milk. In the pooled sample, the sum of PBDEs was detected at a level of 4.4 ng/g lipid. Based on the 2014-2016 study population, certain PFAS were detected in all samples (n = 40). Exposure to the sum of four specific PFAS including perfluorooctanesulphonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonate (PFHxS) ranged between 0.014 and 0.12 ng/L breast milk. In the pooled sample, PFOS and PFOA were found in concentrations of 0.025 ng/g and of 0.045 ng/g, respectively. In addition, the first generation of POPs, mainly organochlorine compounds, was measured in a pooled sample of breast milk from participants sampled in 2014-2016 as part of the WHO/UNEP breast milk monitoring program and compared to the POPs measured in pooled samples collected in 1987/1988 and 1992/1993, respectively. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the Stockholm Convention on POPs by comparing the Austrian results from the WHO/UNEP global breast milk study from 1987 to 2016. However, the data also show that, despite these reductions, health-relevant levels are still being reached, particularly in terms of children's health when the presence of the new generation of POPs, such as PBDEs and PFAS, in human breast milk is taken into account.

3.
Nutrients ; 15(14)2023 Jul 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37513559

RESUMO

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are vital for brain development, yet limited knowledge exists regarding PUFA intake during complementary feeding (CF) and its impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. This secondary analysis of a randomized intervention trial, aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake of total PUFAs, arachidonic acid (AA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during CF and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 and 24 months of corrected age (CA). Dietary intakes were assessed using monthly 3 day dietary protocols from 3 to 12 months CA. Neurodevelopmental outcome was evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III. Among the 177 randomized patients, PUFA intake and neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated in 140 (79%) infants. Higher total PUFA and DHA intakes significantly correlated with improved cognitive and motor function at 12 months CA, while increased AA intake notably enhanced motor scores at 12 months CA. However, median dietary intakes of AA and DHA (AA: 53.50-84.25 mg/d; DHA: 51.47-76.23 mg/d) fell short of recommended levels (AA: 140 mg/d; DHA: 100 mg/d) at any of the investigated timepoints. These findings emphasize the need to enhance total PUFA, DHA and AA intakes during CF, ensuring adherence to guidelines and unlocking the potential to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBW infants.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Insaturados , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Ácido Araquidônico , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso
4.
Front Nutr ; 10: 1124544, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37275631

RESUMO

Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have higher nutritional needs even after hospital discharge. However, data concerning current nutrient intakes at different time points after the introduction of solid foods and whether dietary reference values are being met are scarce. To adress this issue, this secondary analysis of a prospective, two-arm interventional study in 177 VLBW infants 21 investigates dietary intake comparing early and late (early: 10-12 weeks corrected for gestational age, late: 16-18 weeks corrected for gestational age) introduction of standardized complementary food during the first year of life. Nutritional intake was assessed using self-reported monthly 3-day dietary records from 3 until 12 months, corrected for gestational age. The time point of the introduction of solid foods did not influence nutrient intake, but the early introduction of solids tended toward a higher proportional intake of protein and carbohydrates and a lower intake of fat as a percentage of total energy) during the 1st year of life, corrected for gestational age. The results of this study indicate that this standardized feeding concept was sufficient for zinc, calcium, and phosphorus intake. However, dietary iron and vitamin D intakes did not meet the recommendations. Thus, prolonged iron supplementation should be considered beyond the introduction of meat and vitamin D supplementation at least until 12 months, corrected for gestational age. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01809548.

5.
J Pediatr ; 254: 68-74.e3, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36257349

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a parenteral lipid emulsion containing fish oil compared with a soybean oil based-lipid emulsion on the cognitive outcome and behavior of preschool children with extremely low birth weight. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective secondary outcome analysis of a randomized controlled trial performed between June 2012 and June 2015. Infants with extremely low birth weight received either a mixed (soybean oil, medium chain triglycerides, olive oil, fish oil) or a soybean oil-based lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition. Data from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children II, the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5, and anthropometry were collected from medical charts at 5.6 years of age. RESULTS: At discharge, 206 of the 230 study participants were eligible. At 5 years 6 months of age, data of 153 of 206 infants (74%) were available for analysis. There were no significant differences in Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children II scores for Sequential/Gsm, Simultaneous/Gv, Learning/Glr, and Mental Processing Index (mixed lipid: median, 97.5 [IQR, 23.5]; soybean oil: median, 96 [IQR, 19.5]; P = .43) or Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 scores for internalizing problems, externalizing problems, or total problems (mixed lipid: median, 37 [IQR, 12.3]; soybean oil: median, 37 [IQR, 13.5]; P = .54). CONCLUSIONS: A RandomForest machine learning regression analysis did not show an effect of type of lipid emulsion on cognitive and behavioral outcome. Parenteral nutrition using a mixed lipid emulsion containing fish oil did not affect neurodevelopment and had no impact on child behavior of infants with extremely low birth weights at preschool age. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01585935.


Assuntos
Óleos de Peixe , Óleo de Soja , Humanos , Peso ao Nascer , Emulsões , Estudos Retrospectivos , Triglicerídeos , Cognição , Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas
6.
Nutrients ; 14(15)2022 Jul 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35956281

RESUMO

Preterm birth places infants at high risk for mineral and micronutrient deficiencies important for bone health. The aim of this study was to examine whether two timepoints for the introduction of solid foods in preterm infants have an impact on vitamin D status in the first year of life. This is a secondary outcome analysis of a prospective, randomized trial on very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, randomized to an early (10-12th week corrected age) or a late (16-18th week corrected age) complementary-feeding group. Vitamin D status was assessed by blood samples taken at 6 weeks, 6, and 12 months corrected age. In total, 177 infants were randomized (early group: n = 89, late group: n = 88). There was a tendency toward lower levels of serum 25-OH-vitamin D in the early group throughout the first year of life (p = not significant (n.s.)); no differences were detected in the other parameters. At 6 months corrected age, infants of the early group had a significantly higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency. The timepoint of the introduction of solid foods had no impact on the serum 25-OH-vitamin D levels and other parameters important for bone health but showed a tendency toward lower levels in the early-feeding group.


Assuntos
Nascimento Prematuro , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Estudos Prospectivos , Vitamina D , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Vitaminas
7.
Nutrients ; 14(13)2022 Jun 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35807912

RESUMO

Introduction of solid foods and iron status in the first year of life of preterm infants are highly discussed topics. The aim of this study was to examine whether two timepoints of introduction of standardized solid foods in preterm infants have an impact on ferritin and other hematologic parameters important for iron status in the first year of life. This is a secondary outcome analysis of a prospective, randomized intervention trial in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants randomized to an early (10-12th week corrected age) or a late (16-18th week corrected age) complementary feeding group. Iron status was assessed with blood samples taken at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months corrected age. In total, 177 infants were randomized (early group: n = 89, late group: n = 88). Ferritin showed no differences between study groups throughout the first year of life, as did all other parameters associated with iron status. At 12 months corrected age, the incidence of iron deficiency was significantly higher in the early feeding group. There is room for improvement of iron status in VLBW preterm infants, regular blood checks should be introduced, and current recommendations may need to be a reconsidered.


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Ferro , Ferritinas , Humanos , Lactente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Prospectivos
8.
Neonatology ; 119(4): 501-509, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35679842

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aims of the study were to describe the neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) and to assess whether PNAC is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. METHODS: The study is a secondary analysis of controlled trial (June 2012-October 2017) on PNAC incidence in ELBW infants receiving two different parenteral lipid emulsions (mixed lipid emulsion containing fish oil vs. soybean oil-based). Neurodevelopmental follow-up at 12- and 24-month corrected age was compared in infants with and without PNAC. A machine learning-based regression analysis was used to assess whether PNAC was associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. RESULTS: For assessment of neurodevelopmental outcome (Bayley-III), 174 infants were available at 12-month (PNAC: n = 21; no PNAC: n = 153) and 164 infants at 24-month (PNAC: n = 20; no PNAC: n = 144) corrected age. The neurodevelopment of ELBW infants with PNAC was globally delayed, with significantly lower cognitive, language, and motor scores at both 12- and 24-month corrected age. Regression analyses revealed that PNAC was associated with an adverse motor outcome. CONCLUSION: ELBW infants with PNAC are at increased risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.


Assuntos
Colestase , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer , Peso ao Nascer , Colestase/epidemiologia , Colestase/etiologia , Colestase/terapia , Óleos de Peixe , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Óleo de Soja
9.
Nutrients ; 14(3)2022 Feb 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35277055

RESUMO

In term infants it is recommended to introduce solids between the 17th and 26th week of life, whereas data for preterm infants are missing. In a prospective, two-arm interventional study we investigated longitudinal growth of VLBW infants after early (10-12th) or late (16-18th) week of life, corrected for term, introduction of standardized complementary food. Primary endpoint was height at one year of age, corrected for term, and secondary endpoints were other anthropometric parameters such as weight, head circumference, BMI, and z-scores. Among 177 infants who underwent randomization, the primary outcome could be assessed in 83 (93%) assigned to the early and 83 (94%) to the late group. Mean birthweight was 941 (SD ± 253) g in the early and 932 (SD ± 256) g in the late group, mean gestational age at birth was 27 + 1/7 weeks in both groups. Height was 74.7 (mean; SD ± 2.7) cm in the early and 74.4 cm (mean; SD ± 2.8; n.s.) cm in the late group at one year of age, corrected for term. There were no differences in anthropometric parameters between the study groups except for a transient effect on weight z-score at 6 months. In preterm infants, starting solids should rather be related to neurological ability than to considerations of nutritional intake and growth.


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Estatura , Cefalometria , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Prospectivos
10.
Nutrients ; 13(12)2021 Nov 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34959793

RESUMO

Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and essential for neuronal myelination and maturation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a mixed-lipid emulsion composed of soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil (SMOF-LE) compared to a pure soybean oil-based lipid emulsion (S-LE) for parenteral nutrition had an impact on neuronal conduction in preterm infants. This study is a retrospective matched cohort study comparing preterm infants <1000 g who received SMOF-LE in comparison to S-LE for parenteral nutrition. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were assessed longitudinally from birth until discharge. The latencies of the evoked peaks N2 and P2 were analyzed. The analysis included 76 infants (SMOF-LE: n = 41 and S-LE: n = 35) with 344 VEP measurements (SMOF-LE: n= 191 and S-LE n = 153). Values of N2 and P2 were not significantly different between the SMOF-LE and S-LE groups. A possible better treatment effect in the SMOF-LE group was seen as a trend toward a shorter latency, indicating faster neural conduction at around term-equivalent age. Prospective trials and follow-up studies are necessary in order to evaluate the potential positive effect of SMOF-LE on neuronal conduction and visual pathway maturation.


Assuntos
Potenciais Evocados Visuais/efeitos dos fármacos , Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/administração & dosagem , Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/química , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Condução Nervosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/fisiologia , Masculino , Azeite de Oliva/administração & dosagem , Nutrição Parenteral , Estudos Retrospectivos , Óleo de Soja/administração & dosagem , Triglicerídeos/administração & dosagem
11.
Eur Heart J Case Rep ; 5(2): ytaa527, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33738399

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prenatally diagnosed pericardial teratoma present a rare finding with an unfavourable prognosis due to frequently associated Foetal hydrops and limited treatment options. We report a successful surgical resection of a prenatally diagnosed cardiac teratoma in a 1160 g neonate with severe Foetal hydrops and cardiac deterioration. CASE SUMMARY: The patient was transferred in utero to our institution due to prior diagnosed pericardial mass and severe foetal hydrops, which necessitated caesarean section one day after arrival at a gestational age of 28 + 0 weeks. After intubation, the patient was stabilized by surgical drainage of 60 mL of pericardial effusion. Further clinical worsening of the patient on the day of life 12 demanded urgent intervention, so that in toto resection of the tumour was performed at a bodyweight of 1160 g. Histopathological analysis revealed a teratoma and the patient is in excellent clinical condition one year after surgery. DISCUSSION: This case report demonstrates that an interdisciplinary, two-staged approach can be a feasible and promising treatment option in patients with prenatally diagnosed teratoma and severe Foetal hydrops in a critical circulatory state. Furthermore, it illustrated that resection of pericardial masses can be successfully performed at a bodyweight as low as 1160 g.

12.
J Pediatr ; 226: 142-148.e5, 2020 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32590001

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether parenteral nutrition using a mixed lipid emulsion containing fish oil improves the neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants. STUDY DESIGN: The study is a secondary outcome analysis of a double-blind randomized trial of 230 extremely low birth weight infants performed at a single level IV neonatal care unit (Medical University Vienna; June 2012 to June 2015). Participants received either a mixed lipid emulsion composed of soybean oil, medium chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil, or a soybean oil-based lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition. Neurodevelopment of study participants was assessed at 12 and 24 months corrected age (August 2013 to October 2017) using the Bayley Scales of Infant-Toddler Development, third edition. RESULTS: At discharge, 206 of the 230 study participants were eligible. At 12 and 24 months corrected age, 174 of 206 (85%) and 164 of 206 (80%) infants were evaluated. At 12 months, there was no significant difference in cognitive (mixed lipid: median, 95 [IQR, 85-101]; soybean oil: median, 95 [IQR, 85-100]; P = .71), language (mixed lipid: median, 86 [IQR, 77-94], soybean oil: median, 89 [IQR, 79-94]; P = .48), or motor scores (mixed lipid: median, 88 [IQR, 76-94], soybean oil: median, 88 [IQR, 79-94]; P = .69). At 24 months, there was again no significant difference in cognitive (mixed lipid: median, 95 [IQR, 80-105], soybean oil: median, 95 [IQR, 90-105]; P = .17), language (mixed lipid: median, 89 [IQR, 75-97], soybean oil 89 [IQR, 77-100]; P = .54), and motor scores (mixed lipid: median, 94 [IQR, 82-103], soybean oil: median, 94 [IQR, 85-103]; P = .53). CONCLUSIONS: Parenteral nutrition using a mixed lipid emulsion containing fish oil did not improve neurodevelopment of extremely low birth weight infants at 12 and 24 months corrected age. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01585935.


Assuntos
Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/uso terapêutico , Óleos de Peixe/uso terapêutico , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/prevenção & controle , Nutrição Parenteral , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Masculino , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/epidemiologia , Azeite de Oliva/uso terapêutico , Óleo de Soja/uso terapêutico , Triglicerídeos/uso terapêutico
13.
Pediatr Res ; 88(3): 412-420, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32272484

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To determine total sodium load, including inadvertent load, during the first 2 postnatal weeks, and its influence on serum sodium, morbidity, and mortality in extremely low birth weight (ELBW, birth weight <1000 g) infants and to calculate sodium replacement models. METHODS: Retrospective data analysis on ELBW infants with a gestational age <28 + 0/7 weeks. RESULTS: Ninety patients with a median birth weight of 718 g and a median gestational age of 24 + 6/7 weeks were included. Median sodium intake during the first 2 postnatal weeks was 10.2 mmol/kg/day, which was significantly higher than recommended (2-5 mmol/kg/day). Sodium intake did not affect the risk for hypernatremia. Each mmol of sodium intake during the first postnatal week was associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (45%) and higher-grade intraventricular hemorrhage (31%), during the second postnatal week for necrotizing enterocolitis (19%), and during both postnatal weeks of mortality (13%). Calculations of two sodium replacement models resulted in a decrease in sodium intake during the first postnatal week of 3.2 and 4.0 mmol/kg/day, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium load during the first 2 postnatal weeks of ELBW infants was significantly higher than recommended owing to inadvertent sodium intake and was associated with a higher risk of subsequent morbidity and mortality, although the study design does not allow conclusions on causality. Replacement of 0.9% saline with alternative carrier solutions might reduce sodium intake. IMPACT: Sodium intake in ELBW infants during the first 2 postnatal weeks was twofold to threefold higher than recommended; this was mainly caused by inadvertent sodium components. High sodium intake is not related to severe hypernatremia but might be associated with a higher morbidity in terms of BPD, IVH, and NEC. Inadvertent sodium load can be reduced by replacing high sodium-containing carrier solutions with high levels of sodium with alternative hypotonic and/or balanced fluids, model based.


Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Sódio na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Sódio na Dieta/sangue , Displasia Broncopulmonar/mortalidade , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/mortalidade , Eletrólitos , Enterocolite Necrosante/mortalidade , Feminino , Glucose , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Hipernatremia , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
14.
Early Hum Dev ; 137: 104836, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31437732

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic gastrointestinal perforations are rare, but life-threatening events in preterm infants. AIM: Aim of the study was to report on incidence, management, morbidity, and mortality. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective analysis performed at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Vienna, Austria. SUBJECTS: Extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW, birth weight < 1000 g) with perforations of the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) caused by gastric tubes were included. OUTCOME MEASURES: All ELBW infants born within the 6-year study period were identified and their discharge summaries or notes were screened for esophageal and gastric perforations. Data on incidence, management of GIT perforations, morbidity, and mortality were obtained. RESULTS: During a 6-year study period 646 ELBW infants were analyzed. Incidence of perforations was 1.1% (n = 7/646). Median gestational age was 23 + 3 (range: 23 + 0-24 + 5). Perforations occurred on the third day of life (=median, range: day 2-14) and were primarily managed conservatively. Enteral feeding was stopped for 6 days (range: 4-13 days), antibiotic therapy administered for 16 days (range: 8-22 days). In one infant, gastrorrhaphy was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative treatment of upper GIT perforations led to spontaneous recovery without major complications in 85.7%.


Assuntos
Nutrição Enteral/efeitos adversos , Perfuração Esofágica/terapia , Doença Iatrogênica/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Perfuração Intestinal/terapia , Áustria , Tratamento Conservador/métodos , Tratamento Conservador/estatística & dados numéricos , Perfuração Esofágica/epidemiologia , Perfuração Esofágica/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Perfuração Intestinal/epidemiologia , Perfuração Intestinal/etiologia , Masculino , Morbidade
15.
Nutrients ; 11(7)2019 Jun 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31248006

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: For preterm infants, human milk (HM) has to be fortified to cover their enhanced nutritional requirements and establish adequate growth. Most HM fortifiers are based on bovine protein sources (BMF). An HM fortifier based on human protein sources (HMF) has become available in the last few years. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of an HMF versus BMF on growth in extremely low birth weight (ELBW, <1000 g) infants. METHODS: This was a retrospective, controlled, multicenter cohort study in infants with a birthweight below 1000 g. The HMF group received an exclusive HM diet up to 32+0 weeks of gestation and was changed to BMF afterwards. The BMF group received HM+BMF from fortifier introduction up to 37+0 weeks. RESULTS: 192 extremely low birth weight (ELBW)-infants were included (HMF n = 96, BMF n = 96) in the study. After the introduction of fortification, growth velocity up to 32+0 weeks was significantly lower in the HMF group (16.5 g/kg/day) in comparison to the BMF group (18.9 g/kg/day, p = 0.009) whereas all other growth parameters did not differ from birth up to 37+0 weeks. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) incidence was 10% in the HMF and 8% in the BMF group. CONCLUSION: Results from this study do not support the superiority of HFM over BMF in ELBW infants.


Assuntos
Alimentação com Mamadeira , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Fórmulas Infantis , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lactente Extremamente Prematuro/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Leite Humano , Estado Nutricional , Fatores Etários , Áustria , Peso ao Nascer , Alimentação com Mamadeira/efeitos adversos , Enterocolite Necrosante/etiologia , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Fórmulas Infantis/efeitos adversos , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer/metabolismo , Lactente Extremamente Prematuro/metabolismo , Recém-Nascido , Valor Nutritivo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo
16.
J Pediatr ; 211: 46-53.e2, 2019 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31030946

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether parenteral nutrition for infants of extremely low birth weight using a mixed lipid emulsion that contains fish oil influences electrophysiological brain maturation. STUDY DESIGN: The study is a prespecified secondary outcome analysis of a randomized controlled trial of 230 infants of extremely low birth weight receiving a mixed (soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil; intervention) or a soybean oil-based lipid emulsion (control). The study was conducted at a single-level IV neonatal care unit (Medical University Vienna; June 2012 to October 2015). Electrophysiological brain maturation (background activity, sleep-wake cycling, and brain maturational scores) was assessed biweekly by amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (birth to discharge). RESULTS: A total of 317 amplitude-integrated electroencephalography measurements (intervention: n = 165; control: n = 152) from 121 (intervention: n = 63; control: n = 58) of 230 infants of the core study were available for analysis. Demographic characteristics were not significantly different. By 28 weeks of postmenstrual age, infants receiving the intervention displayed significantly greater percentages of continuous background activity. Total maturational scores and individual scores for continuity, cycling, and bandwidth were significantly greater. Maximum maturational scores were reached 2 weeks earlier in the intervention group (36.4 weeks, 35.4-37.5) compared with the control group (38.4 weeks, 37.1-42.4) (median, IQR; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Using a mixed parenteral lipid emulsion that contains fish oil, we found that electrophysiological brain maturation was accelerated in infants who were preterm. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01585935.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/uso terapêutico , Óleos de Peixe/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Método Duplo-Cego , Eletroencefalografia , Eletrofisiologia , Emulsões/uso terapêutico , Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/química , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer , Lactente Extremamente Prematuro , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Lipídeos/química , Masculino , Azeite de Oliva/administração & dosagem , Nutrição Parenteral , Óleo de Soja/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Triglicerídeos/administração & dosagem
17.
Thromb Haemost ; 118(7): 1185-1193, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29864780

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Bleeds such as intra-ventricular (IVH) and pulmonary haemorrhage (PH) are life-threatening events in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Serial coagulation monitoring by measuring the international normalized ratio (INR) with small volume samples might facilitate early diagnosis and possibly prevent major bleeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective longitudinal study performed in ELBW infants, who received serial INR monitoring by point of care testing during their first 30 days of life. The primary objective was to explore whether INR monitoring could predict major bleeding events (IVH, PH). Secondary objectives were mortality and feasibility in this patient population. RESULTS: A total of 127 ELBW infants were stratified into a bleeding and a non-bleeding group. Bleeding events occurred in 31% (39/127) of the infants, whereupon 24% developed IVH and 9% PH. Infants in the bleeding group were 4 days younger at birth (p = 0.05) and had a substantially higher mortality rate of 26% versus 5% in controls (p = 0.005). Median INR during the first 3 days before a bleeding event was 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-1.74) compared with the control group with 1.45 (95% CI: 1.44-1.58; p = 0.81). Platelet counts were significantly lower in the bleeding group on the 3rd day and during the 2nd to 4th week of life. DISCUSSION: Serial coagulation monitoring by an INR point of care testing is feasible in ELBW infants but could not predict bleeding events. Further studies with daily monitoring of INR and platelet counts during the first days of life might be able to more precisely detect a risk of major haemorrhage in ELBW infants.


Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Coagulação Sanguínea , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/etiologia , Hemorragia/etiologia , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer/sangue , Coeficiente Internacional Normatizado , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Testes Imediatos , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/sangue , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/mortalidade , Diagnóstico Precoce , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Hemorragia/sangue , Hemorragia/diagnóstico , Hemorragia/mortalidade , Humanos , Lactente Extremamente Prematuro/sangue , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Pneumopatias/sangue , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias/mortalidade , Masculino , Contagem de Plaquetas , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo
18.
J Pediatr ; 194: 87-93.e1, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29269199

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether a mixed lipid emulsion reduces the incidence of parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW, <1000 g) infants. STUDY DESIGN: This double-blind randomized trial of 230 ELBW infants (June 2012-October 2015) was performed at a single level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Patients received either a mixed lipid emulsion composed of soybean oil, medium chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil-(intervention) or a soybean oil-based lipid emulsion (control) for parenteral nutrition. The primary outcome measure was PNAC (conjugated bilirubin >1.5 mg/dL [25 µmol/L] at 2 consecutive measurements). The study was powered to detect a reduction of PNAC from 25% to 10%. RESULTS: Reasons for noneligibility of 274 infants screened were refusal to participate (n = 16), death (n = 10), withdrawal of treatment (n = 5), higher order multiples (n = 9), and parents not available for consent (n = 4). Intention to treat analysis was carried out in 223 infants (7 infants excluded after randomization). Parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis was 11 of 110 (10.1%) in the intervention and 18 of 113 (15.9%) in the control group (P = .20). Multivariable analyses showed no statistically significant difference in the intention to treat (aOR 0.428, 95% CI 0.155-1.187; P = .10) or per protocol population (aOR 0.457, 95% CI 0.155-1.347; P = .16). There was no statistically significant effect on any other neonatal morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis was not significantly reduced using a mixed lipid emulsion in ELBW infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.govNCT01585935.


Assuntos
Colestase/prevenção & controle , Óleos de Peixe/uso terapêutico , Azeite de Oliva/uso terapêutico , Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Óleo de Soja/uso terapêutico , Triglicerídeos/uso terapêutico , Colestase/etiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Emulsões , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino
19.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs ; 46(5): 748-754, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28710905

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acceptance, adherence, and feasibility of fortifier administration by finger feeder during breastfeeding and to determine weight, length, and head circumference gains after discharge for preterm infants. DESIGN: Observational pilot study. SETTING: A Level III NICU and its outpatient clinic in Vienna, Austria. PARTICIPANTS: Infants born at younger than 34 weeks gestation were included. METHODS: Mothers were screened in a tertiary NICU and trained by certified lactation consultants to administer fortifier with a finger feeder during breastfeeding. Data on finger feeder use at home were collected by self-reported feeding diaries and questionnaires. RESULTS: In total, data from 24 mother-infant dyads were analyzed. The acceptance rate was 67%. In 41.7%, more than 50% of meals were fortified. Mothers did not report problems in preparation, but 33% of the infants stopped latching on or drooled milk during finger feeder use. CONCLUSION: Use of a finger feeder to administer fortifier to preterm infants enabled mothers to exclusively breastfeed their infants and meet their nutritional needs. The development of further methods to augment preterm infant nutrition that do not interfere with breastfeeding is of great interest.


Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno/métodos , Métodos de Alimentação/instrumentação , Alimentos Fortificados , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Alta do Paciente , Adulto , Peso Corporal , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/fisiologia , Masculino , Necessidades Nutricionais , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Aumento de Peso
20.
Acta Paediatr ; 106(9): 1460-1467, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28498519

RESUMO

AIM: This study compared the impact of using either single donor breastmilk or formula to start enteral feeding in preterm infants, on the time to full enteral feeding, growth and morbidity. The milk was provided by other preterm mothers. METHODS: This was an observational prospective study, carried out from June 2012 to March 2013 at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria, on the effects of preterm single donor milk on 133 very low birthweight infants with a birthweight <1500 g and a gestational age <32 weeks until they were on full enteral feeding. They were compared to a retrospective group of 150 infants from March 2011 to May 2012 who received preterm formula. RESULTS: The time to full enteral feeding, defined as 140 mL/kg, was significantly shorter in the donor milk group than in the formula group (18 vs. 22 days, p = 0.01). Feeding donor milk was also associated with a lower incidence for retinopathy of prematurity (4% vs. 13%, p < 0.01) and culture-proven sepsis (11% vs. 23%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Feeding preterm infants breastmilk from a single donor rather using formula was associated with a shorter time to full enteral feeding and lower incidences of retinopathy of prematurity and sepsis.


Assuntos
Nutrição Enteral/estatística & dados numéricos , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Leite Humano , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Redução de Peso
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