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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(9)2024 Apr 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38731853

RESUMO

Claudins are a family of 27 proteins that have an important role in the formation of tight junctions. They also have an important function in ion exchange, cell mobility, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the latter being very important in cancer invasion and metastasis. Therapeutic targeting of claudins has been investigated to improve cancer outcomes. Recent evidence shows improved outcomes when combining monoclonal antibodies against claudin 18.2 with chemotherapy for patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells targeting claudin 18 are under investigation. In this review, we will discuss the major functions of claudins, their distribution in the normal as well as cancerous tissues, and their effect in cancer metastasis, with a special focus on the therapeutic targeting of claudins to improve cancer outcomes.


Assuntos
Claudinas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Claudinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Animais , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Junções Íntimas/metabolismo
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(2)2024 Jan 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38279265

RESUMO

Sarcomas are a group of malignancies of mesenchymal origin with a plethora of subtypes. Given the sheer heterogeneity of various subtypes and the rarity of the disease, the management of sarcomas has been challenging, with poor patient outcomes. Surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy have remained the backbone of treatment in patients with sarcoma. The introduction of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of various solid and hematological malignancies. In this review, we discuss the basics of immunotherapy and the immune microenvironment in sarcomas; various modalities of immunotherapy, like immune checkpoint blockade, oncolytic viruses, cancer-targeted antibodies, vaccine therapy; and adoptive cell therapies like CAR T-cell therapy, T-cell therapy, and TCR therapy.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Hematológicas , Sarcoma , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles , Humanos , Sarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Imunoterapia , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Microambiente Tumoral
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(2)2024 Jan 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38255923

RESUMO

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and development. FGFR alterations including amplifications, fusions, rearrangements, and mutations can result in the downstream activation of tyrosine kinases, leading to tumor development. Targeting these FGFR alterations has shown to be effective in treating cholangiocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms, and there are currently four FGFR inhibitors approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). There have been developments in multiple agents targeting the FGFR pathway, including selective FGFR inhibitors, ligand traps, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates. However, most of these agents have variable and low responses, with some intolerable toxicities and acquired resistances. This review will summarize previous clinical experiences and current developments in agents targeting the FGFR pathway, and will also discuss future directions for FGFR-targeting agents.


Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares , Carcinoma de Células de Transição , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Estados Unidos , Humanos , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos , Tirosina
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