RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Until date, the proportion of nonclassic monocytes in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients with and without chronic periodontitis has not been evaluated based on glycemic control. The objective of this study was to compare the proportion of CD14+CD16++ monocytes in type 2 diabetic patients with and without chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional study A total of sixty individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 15/group) were recruited. Individuals were grouped based on glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA 1c) values and the presence of chronic periodontitis; Group 1 (diabetes mellitus with good glycemic control), Group 2 (diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control), Group 3 (diabetic mellitus with chronic periodontitis and good glycemic control), Group 4 (diabetic mellitus with chronic periodontitis and poor glycemic control). Fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies against CD14, CD16, and human leukocyte antigen-antigen D related was used to analyze the proportion of nonclassic monocytes by flow cytometry. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test was used to assess the significant differences in monocyte subpopulations. The Pearson's correlation test was used to assess the relationship between hemoglobin A1c values and percentage of nonclassical monocytes. In both the above statistical tools, the value of P < 0.05 is considered as significant level. RESULTS: Group 4 had the highest percentage of CD14+CD16++ monocytes 14.67% + 4.70%, followed by Group 3-9.73% + 0.60%, Group 2-9.32% + 2.03% and Group 1-5.92% + 0.63% (P < 0.001). Further, a statistically significant positive correlation between HbA (1c) levels and the proportion of CD14+CD16++ monocytes was observed. CONCLUSION: In the present study, we observed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control and chronic periodontitis showed more than two-fold increase in the proportion of nonclassic monocytes compared to type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with good glycemic control.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Marine sponges are important sources of bioactive compounds. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the anticancer properties of Hyattella cribriformis ethyl acetate (EA) fraction in various cancer and normal cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: anticancer assay was carried out in 15 cell lines to evaluate the anticancer potential of the EA fraction. Impact on cell cycle distribution was determined using flow cytometry. The fraction was investigated for interfering microtubules assembly in both in vitro and cellular assay. Further studies were conducted to determine the fraction induced cell death (apoptosis) using calcein/propidium iodide dual staining, activated caspase-3 and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 protein at Ser70. DNA fragmentation assay was performed to confirm the apoptosis. RESULTS: EA fraction exhibited potent inhibition of cancer cell growth and resulted in 50% growth inhibition (GI50) of 0.27 µg/mL in A673 cell line. Sarcoma (MG-63, Saos-2) and ovarian (SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3) cancer cell lines also showed superior anticancer activity GI50 of 1.0 µg/mL. Colon and breast cancer cell lines exhibited moderate GI compare other cancer cell lines and normal human lung fibroblast showed GI50 of 15.6 µg/mL. EA fraction showed potent G2/M phase arrest in A673 cell line and induced apoptosis at 48 h exposure. EA fraction promoted microtubule polymerization in tubulin polymerization assay and increased level of polymerized tubulin in the HeLa cells. Fraction induced the activation of caspase-3 and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein. Fraction induced DNA fragmentation in HeLa cells as evidence of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Marine sponge H. cribriformis EA fraction exhibited potent anticancer activity through tubulin polymerization and induction of apoptosis.
