RESUMO
At the FASEB summer research conference on "Arf Family GTPases", held in Il Ciocco, Italy in June, 2007, it became evident to researchers that our understanding of the family of Arf GTPase activating proteins (ArfGAPs) has grown exponentially in recent years. A common nomenclature for these genes and proteins will facilitate discovery of biological functions and possible connections to pathogenesis. Nearly 100 researchers were contacted to generate a consensus nomenclature for human ArfGAPs. This article describes the resulting consensus nomenclature and provides a brief description of each of the 10 subfamilies of 31 human genes encoding proteins containing the ArfGAP domain.
Assuntos
Fatores de Ribosilação do ADP/metabolismo , Proteínas Ativadoras de GTPase/metabolismo , Terminologia como Assunto , Fatores de Ribosilação do ADP/química , Fatores de Ribosilação do ADP/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Proteínas Ativadoras de GTPase/química , Proteínas Ativadoras de GTPase/genética , Humanos , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/genética , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Família Multigênica , Conformação ProteicaRESUMO
In the nervous system, receptor regulated phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases) participate in fundamental cellular activities that underlie development. Activated by trophic factors, growth factors, neuregulins, cytokines, or neurotransmitters, PI 3-kinases have been implicated in neuronal and glial survival and differentiation. PI 3-kinases produce inositol lipid second messengers that bind to pleckstrin homology (PH) domains in diverse groups of signal transduction proteins, and control their enzymatic activities, subcellular membrane localization, or both. Downstream targets of the inositol lipid messengers include protein kinases and regulators of small GTPases. The kinase Akt/PKB functions as a key component of the PI 3-kinase dependent survival pathway through its phosphorylation and regulation of apoptotic proteins and transcription factors. Furthermore, since members of the Rho GTPase and Arf GTPase families have been implicated in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, vesicular trafficking, and transcription, the downstream targets of PI 3-kinase that control these GTPases are excellent candidates to mediate aspects of PI 3-kinase dependent neuronal and glial differentiation.
