RESUMO
Phage-resistant and -susceptible bacteria from nodules of alfalfa and sweet clover, grown at a site without a known history of cultivation, were identified as diverse genotypes of Ensifer, Rhizobium and Phyllobacterium species based on sequence analysis of ribosomal (16S and 23S rRNA) and protein-encoding (atpD and recA) genes, Southern hybridization/RFLP and a range of phenotypic characteristics. Among phage-resistant bacteria, one genotype of Rhizobium sp. predominated on alfalfa (frequency approximately 68 %) but was recovered infrequently ( approximately 1 %) from sweet clover. A second genotype was isolated infrequently only from alfalfa. These genotypes fixed nitrogen poorly in association with sweet clover and Phaseolus vulgaris, but were moderately effective with alfalfa. They produced a near-neutral reaction on mineral salts agar containing mannitol, which is atypical of the genus Rhizobium. A single isolate of Ensifer sp. and two of Phyllobacterium sp. were recovered only from sweet clover. All were highly resistant to multiple antibiotics. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Ensifer sp. strain T173 is closely related to, but separate from, the non-symbiotic species 'Sinorhizobium morelense'. Strain T173 is unique in that it possesses a 175 kb symbiotic plasmid and elicits ineffective nodules on alfalfa, sweet clover, Medicago lupulina and Macroptilium atropurpureum. The two Phyllobacterium spp. were non-symbiotic and probably represent bacterial opportunists. Three genotypes of E. meliloti that were symbiotically effective with alfalfa and sweet clover were encountered infrequently. Among phage-susceptible isolates, two genotypes of E. medicae were encountered infrequently and were highly effective with alfalfa, sweet clover and Medicago polymorpha. The ecological and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Assuntos
Alphaproteobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Medicago sativa/microbiologia , Melilotus/microbiologia , Rhizobium/isolamento & purificação , Alphaproteobacteria/classificação , Alphaproteobacteria/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Bacteriófagos/fisiologia , Southern Blotting , Canadá , Genes Bacterianos , Variação Genética , Medicago sativa/genética , Melilotus/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fenótipo , Filogenia , Plasmídeos , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , RNA Bacteriano/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Rhizobium/classificação , Rhizobium/genética , Nódulos Radiculares de Plantas/microbiologia , SimbioseRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Meperidine is an opioid with local anesthetic properties that produces spinal anesthesia after subarachnoid injection for surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of spinal meperidine for cesarean delivery. METHODS: Twenty-eight ASA I-III parturients scheduled for cesarean delivery were included in the study. Meperidine 1 mg/kg was administered subarachnoid. Patients were monitored for appropriate anesthesia and side effects. RESULTS: Cesarean delivery was successfully performed under spinal meperidine in 22 cases: two cases required general anesthesia before incision and the duration of sensory anesthesia was too short in four cases. Side effects included moderate hypotension (decrease in arterial blood pressure > 30 mm Hg in 36% of the cases), nausea (32%), and pruritus (10.7%). No respiratory depression was documented in mothers and newborns. CONCLUSIONS: Although short-acting, meperidine can be used as a substitute for local anesthetics for cesarean delivery, especially when local anesthetics are not available.
Assuntos
Anestesia Obstétrica , Raquianestesia , Cesárea , Meperidina/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Anestesia Geral , Anestesia Obstétrica/efeitos adversos , Raquianestesia/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Cefaleia/etiologia , Humanos , Hipotensão/induzido quimicamente , Recém-Nascido , Meperidina/efeitos adversos , Náusea/induzido quimicamente , Bloqueio Nervoso , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Prurido/induzido quimicamente , Punções/efeitos adversos , Sensação/efeitos dos fármacos , Espaço Subaracnóideo , Tiopental/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Twenty-one patients were included in a randomized study to receive either 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine alone or combined with 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mg.kg-1 meperidine for spinal anaesthesia. Sensory blockade was assessed by pin prick, motor blockade by the Bromage scale, and postoperative analgesia by VAS scores and by the time before the first demand for analgesia. Spinal meperidine did not change the duration of sensory blockade, but induced a dose-related increase in postoperative efficient analgesia. Spinal meperidine might be considered as a means to obtain postoperative analgesia in the hours immediately following surgery.
Assuntos
Raquianestesia , Bupivacaína/administração & dosagem , Meperidina/administração & dosagem , Ortopedia , Idoso , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Espinhais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The aerial parts of VERNONIA GLABRA afforded in addition to vernolepin, vernodalin and vernomenin, four further sesquiterpene lactones derived from vernolepin ( 1), two germacranolides and together with vernodalol the corresponding lactone 9. From VERNONIA SCORPIOIDES two further glaucolides ( 14) and ( 15) were isolated. The structure of the tiglate ( 16) is revised. The structure were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
