Evaluation of lipid profile in different tissues of Japanese abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino with UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS-based lipidomic study.

Abalone has been farmed commercially for the last few decades, and the breeding and economic value of abalone have gained extensive attention. In this study, the lipid profile of the foot muscles, viscera, and gonads of male and female Japanese abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino was explored using ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS), to discuss the effect of lipid composition on its nutritional value. Thirty-four species from ten lipid classes including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, triacylglycerol, steroids, terpenoids and fatty acids were annotated by MS-DIAL to obtain all fragment ions for precursors. Glycerophospholipids (GPLs) enriched in unsaturated fatty acids were the major components, which accounted for 52-57% of total lipids. Considering the high-level of GPLs, and their importance in maintaining the integrity and functionality of cell membranes, further utilization of inexpensive tissues, such as viscera and gonads is warranted.

Isotope dilution HPLC-MS/MS for simultaneous quantification of acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in thermally processed seafood.

The objective of this study was to develop an accurate, robust and rapid HPLC-MS/MS-based method capable of quantifying acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) simultaneously. A Phenomenex Synergi Fusion-RP C18 column (50mm×2.5mm, 2µm) was used, and the MS/MS instrument was operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The isotope dilution method was used to correct for the matrix effect from samples. This method demonstrated low limits of quantification (2.12ng/mL for acrylamide and 4.86ng/mL for HMF) and excellent linearity (R2>0.999). This method also demonstrated excellent quantification accuracy, precision, and recovery (87-110%). Using the method developed, target analytes were quantified in 14 thermally-processed seafood samples. Resulting concentrations ranged from 5.58 to 50.35µg/kg for acrylamide, and from 12.54 to 2276.44µg/kg for HMF. The proposed isotope dilution HPLC-MS/MS method is a valid and rapid technique for simultaneous analysis of acrylamide and HMF in seafood.

Chemiluminescence evidence supporting the selective role of ligands in the permanganate oxidation of micropollutants.

The selective increase in the oxidation rate of certain organic compounds with permanganate in the presence of environmental "ligands" and reduced species has been ascribed to the different reactivity of the target compounds toward Mn(III), which bears striking similarities to recent independent investigations into the use of permanganate as a chemiluminescence reagent. In spite of the importance of Mn(III) in the light-producing pathway, the dependence of the oxidation mechanism for any given compound on this intermediate could not be determined solely through the emission intensity. However, target compounds susceptible to single-electron oxidation by Mn(III) (such as bisphenol A and triclosan) can be easily distinguished by the dramatic increase in chemiluminescence intensity when a permanganate reagent containing high, stable concentrations of Mn(III) is used. The differences are accentuated under the low pH conditions that favor the chemiluminescence emission due to the greater reactivity of Mn(III) and the greater influence of complexing agents. This study supports the previously postulated selective role of ligands and reducing agents in permanganate oxidations and demonstrates a new approach to explore the chemistry of environmental manganese redox processes.

3-Benzhydryl-1,3,4-thia-diazole-2(3H)-thione.

In the title compound, C15H12N2S2, the two phenyl rings and the planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.002 Å) thia-diazole ring adopt a propeller conformation about the central C-H axis with H-C-C-C(phen-yl) torsion angles of 44 and 42° and an H-C-N-C(thia-diazole) torsion angle of 28°. Intra-molecular C-H⋯S and C-H⋯N contacts are observed. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules associate through C-H⋯π inter-actions. These are connected into a supra-molecular chain along [101] by C-H⋯N inter-actions.

Development of the family caregiver medication administration hassles scale.

PURPOSE: "Medication administration hassles" are the minor daily irritants that family caregivers experience when they assist a dependent family member with medication regimens. This study was designed to develop and test a multidimensional measure of the hassles in family caregiver medication administration. DESIGN AND METHOD: The authors employed a multiphase process (caregiver focus groups, instrument development, pilot testing, and field testing). Approximately 180 family caregivers representing diverse socioeconomic circumstances and racial or ethnic backgrounds participated in the study. The final version of the instrument consists of 24 items and four subscales: Information Seeking/Information Sharing (9 items, alpha =.92), Safety Issues (5 items, alpha =.83), Scheduling Logistics (7 items, alpha =.90), and Polypharmacy (3 items, alpha =.80). Overall scale reliability is.95, and test-retest reliability at 2 weeks is.84. IMPLICATIONS: Caregiver medication administration hassles represent a complex, multidimensional construct that warrants consideration in studies of contemporary family caregiver stress, strain, and burden.

Analysis of the reliability of the modified caregiver strain index.

OBJECTIVES: The Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) is a 13-item index originally developed in the early 1980s to screen for caregiver strain after hospital discharge of an elderly family member. This study examined the reliability of a modified CSI for applications with contemporary long-term family caregivers. METHODS: As part of a larger family caregiver study using focus groups, telephone interviews, and mailed surveys, test-retest procedures were included to examine the reliability of the Modified CSI. The sample consisted of 158 family caregivers, with an average age of 61 years. Targeted recruitment resulted in participants from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. Minority caregivers represented 25% of the sample. RESULTS: The Modified CSI has slightly better internal reliability (alpha =.90) than the original Index, as reported in 1983 (alpha =.86). The two-week test-retest reliability is.88. No prior test-retest data were available for comparison. DISCUSSION: The Modified CSI can be a useful method for detecting strain levels among informal caregivers, and is easily administered and scored. The CSI continues to be a useful measure of caregiver strain for long-term care research and practice.